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321. Effect of Out-of-Hospital Sodium Nitrite on Survival to Hospital Admission After Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Francis Kim.;Charles Maynard.;Cameron Dezfulian.;Michael Sayre.;Peter Kudenchuk.;Thomas Rea.;Deborah Sampson.;Michele Olsufka.;Susanne May.;Graham Nichol.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷2期138-145页
Therapeutic delivery of sodium nitrite during resuscitation improved survival in animal models of cardiac arrest, but efficacy has not been evaluated in clinical trials in humans.
322. Effect of Oral Moxifloxacin vs Intravenous Ertapenem Plus Oral Levofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: The APPAC II Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Suvi Sippola.;Jussi Haijanen.;Juha Grönroos.;Tero Rautio.;Pia Nordström.;Tuomo Rantanen.;Tarja Pinta.;Imre Ilves.;Anne Mattila.;Jukka Rintala.;Eliisa Löyttyniemi.;Saija Hurme.;Ville Tammilehto.;Harri Marttila.;Sanna Meriläinen.;Johanna Laukkarinen.;Eeva-Liisa Sävelä.;Heini Savolainen.;Tomi Sippola.;Markku Aarnio.;Hannu Paajanen.;Paulina Salminen.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷4期353-362页
Antibiotics are an effective and safe alternative to appendectomy for managing uncomplicated acute appendicitis, but the optimal antibiotic regimen is not known.
323. Effect of Digoxin vs Bisoprolol for Heart Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation on Patient-Reported Quality of Life: The RATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dipak Kotecha.;Karina V Bunting.;Simrat K Gill.;Samir Mehta.;Mary Stanbury.;Jacqueline C Jones.;Sandra Haynes.;Melanie J Calvert.;Jonathan J Deeks.;Richard P Steeds.;Victoria Y Strauss.;Kazem Rahimi.;A John Camm.;Michael Griffith.;Gregory Y H Lip.;Jonathan N Townend.;Paulus Kirchhof.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷24期2497-2508页
There is little evidence to support selection of heart rate control therapy in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, in particular those with coexisting heart failure.
324. Effect of Intravitreous Aflibercept vs Vitrectomy With Panretinal Photocoagulation on Visual Acuity in Patients With Vitreous Hemorrhage From Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Andrew N Antoszyk.;Adam R Glassman.;Wesley T Beaulieu.;Lee M Jampol.;Chirag D Jhaveri.;Omar S Punjabi.;Hani Salehi-Had.;John A Wells.;Maureen G Maguire.;Cynthia R Stockdale.;Daniel F Martin.;Jennifer K Sun.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2383-2395页
Vitreous hemorrhage from proliferative diabetic retinopathy can cause loss of vision. The best management approach is unknown.
325. Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Using Lower Dosage and Higher Frequency vs Observation on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Had Received Standard Treatment: The SYSUCC-001 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xi Wang.;Shu-Sen Wang.;Heng Huang.;Li Cai.;Li Zhao.;Rou-Jun Peng.;Ying Lin.;Jun Tang.;Jian Zeng.;Le-Hong Zhang.;Yong-Li Ke.;Xian-Ming Wang.;Xin-Mei Liu.;Qian-Jun Chen.;An-Qin Zhang.;Fei Xu.;Xi-Wen Bi.;Jia-Jia Huang.;Ji-Bin Li.;Dan-Mei Pang.;Cong Xue.;Yan-Xia Shi.;Zhen-Yu He.;Huan-Xin Lin.;Xin An.;Wen Xia.;Ye Cao.;Ying Guo.;Yan-Hong Su.;Xin Hua.;Xin-Yue Wang.;Ruo-Xi Hong.;Kui-Kui Jiang.;Chen-Ge Song.;Zhang-Zan Huang.;Wei Shi.;Yong-Yi Zhong.;Zhong-Yu Yuan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷1期50-58页
Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and death are needed.
326. Effect of a Lower vs Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Strategy on Ventilator-Free Days in ICU Patients Without ARDS: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Anna Geke Algera.;Luigi Pisani.;Ary Serpa Neto.;Sylvia S den Boer.;Frank F H Bosch.;Karina Bruin.;Pauline M Klooster.;Nardo J M Van der Meer.;Ralph O Nowitzky.;Ilse M Purmer.;Mathilde Slabbekoorn.;Peter E Spronk.;Jan van Vliet.;Jan J Weenink.;Marcelo Gama de Abreu.;Paolo Pelosi.;Marcus J Schultz.;Frederique Paulus.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷24期2509-2520页
It is uncertain whether invasive ventilation can use lower positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in critically ill patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
327. Effect of Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) vs Placebo on Death, Lung Transplant, or Hospital Admission in Patients With Moderate and Severe Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The EME-TIPAC Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Andrew M Wilson.;Allan B Clark.;Tony Cahn.;Edwin R Chilvers.;William Fraser.;Matthew Hammond.;David M Livermore.;Toby M Maher.;Helen Parfrey.;Ann Marie Swart.;Susan Stirling.;David R Thickett.;Moira Whyte.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2282-2291页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Patients with IPF have altered lung microbiota, with bacterial burden within the lungs associated with mortality; previous studies have suggested benefit with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
328. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 5 Years After Prophylactic Early High-Dose Recombinant Human Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in Very Preterm Infants.
作者: Giancarlo Natalucci.;Bea Latal.;Brigitte Koller.;Christoph Rüegger.;Beate Sick.;Leonhard Held.;Jean-Claude Fauchère.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2324-2327页
This study reports 5-year neurodevelopmental outcomes for Swiss children born before 32 weeks’ gestation and randomized at birth to receive early high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) vs placebo.
329. Effect of High-Dose Trivalent vs Standard-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine on Mortality or Cardiopulmonary Hospitalization in Patients With High-risk Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Orly Vardeny.;KyungMann Kim.;Jacob A Udell.;Jacob Joseph.;Akshay S Desai.;Michael E Farkouh.;Sheila M Hegde.;Adrian F Hernandez.;Allison McGeer.;H Keipp Talbot.;Inder Anand.;Deepak L Bhatt.;Christopher P Cannon.;David DeMets.;J Michael Gaziano.;Shaun G Goodman.;Kristin Nichol.;Matthew C Tattersall.;Jonathan L Temte.;Janet Wittes.;Clyde Yancy.;Brian Claggett.;Yi Chen.;Lu Mao.;Thomas C Havighurst.;Lawton S Cooper.;Scott D Solomon.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷1期39-49页
Influenza is temporally associated with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality among those with cardiovascular disease who may mount a less vigorous immune response to vaccination. Higher influenza vaccine dose has been associated with reduced risk of influenza illness.
330. Effect of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Thomas R Arkell.;Frederick Vinckenbosch.;Richard C Kevin.;Eef L Theunissen.;Iain S McGregor.;Johannes G Ramaekers.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷21期2177-2186页
Cannabis use has been associated with increased crash risk, but the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on driving is unclear.
331. Effect of Nebulized Magnesium vs Placebo Added to Albuterol on Hospitalization Among Children With Refractory Acute Asthma Treated in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Suzanne Schuh.;Judy Sweeney.;Maggie Rumantir.;Allan L Coates.;Andrew R Willan.;Derek Stephens.;Eshetu G Atenafu.;Yaron Finkelstein.;Graham Thompson.;Roger Zemek.;Amy C Plint.;Jocelyn Gravel.;Francine M Ducharme.;David W Johnson.;Karen Black.;Sarah Curtis.;Darcy Beer.;Terry P Klassen.;Darcy Nicksy.;Stephen B Freedman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2038-2047页
While intravenous magnesium decreases hospitalizations in refractory pediatric acute asthma, it is variably used because of invasiveness and safety concerns. The benefit of nebulized magnesium to prevent hospitalization is unknown.
332. Effect of an Emergency Department Care Bundle on 30-Day Hospital Discharge and Survival Among Elderly Patients With Acute Heart Failure: The ELISABETH Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Yonathan Freund.;Marine Cachanado.;Quentin Delannoy.;Said Laribi.;Youri Yordanov.;Judith Gorlicki.;Tahar Chouihed.;Anne-Laure Féral-Pierssens.;Jennifer Truchot.;Thibaut Desmettre.;Celine Occelli.;Xavier Bobbia.;Mehdi Khellaf.;Olivier Ganansia.;Jérôme Bokobza.;Frédéric Balen.;Sebastien Beaune.;Ben Bloom.;Tabassome Simon.;Alexandre Mebazaa.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷19期1948-1956页
Clinical guidelines for the early management of acute heart failure in the emergency department (ED) setting are based on only moderate levels of evidence, with subsequent low adherence to these guidelines.
333. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen J Nicholls.;A Michael Lincoff.;Michelle Garcia.;Dianna Bash.;Christie M Ballantyne.;Philip J Barter.;Michael H Davidson.;John J P Kastelein.;Wolfgang Koenig.;Darren K McGuire.;Dariush Mozaffarian.;Paul M Ridker.;Kausik K Ray.;Brian G Katona.;Anders Himmelmann.;Larrye E Loss.;Martin Rensfeldt.;Torbjörn Lundström.;Rahul Agrawal.;Venu Menon.;Kathy Wolski.;Steven E Nissen.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2268-2280页
It remains uncertain whether the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce cardiovascular risk.
334. Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Eric J Lenze.;Caline Mattar.;Charles F Zorumski.;Angela Stevens.;Julie Schweiger.;Ginger E Nicol.;J Philip Miller.;Lei Yang.;Michael Yingling.;Michael S Avidan.;Angela M Reiersen.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2292-2300页
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to serious illness as a result of an excessive immune response. Fluvoxamine may prevent clinical deterioration by stimulating the σ-1 receptor, which regulates cytokine production.
335. Effect of e-Cigarettes Plus Counseling vs Counseling Alone on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Mark J Eisenberg.;Andréa Hébert-Losier.;Sarah B Windle.;Todd Greenspoon.;Tim Brandys.;Tamàs Fülöp.;Thang Nguyen.;Stéphane Elkouri.;Martine Montigny.;Igor Wilderman.;Olivier F Bertrand.;Joanna Alexis Bostwick.;John Abrahamson.;Yves Lacasse.;Smita Pakhale.;Josselin Cabaussel.;Kristian B Filion.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1844-1854页
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) for smoking cessation remain controversial.
336. Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation, Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation, or a Strength-Training Exercise Program on Clinical Outcomes in Older Adults: The DO-HEALTH Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Heike A Bischoff-Ferrari.;Bruno Vellas.;René Rizzoli.;Reto W Kressig.;José A P da Silva.;Michael Blauth.;David T Felson.;Eugene V McCloskey.;Bernhard Watzl.;Lorenz C Hofbauer.;Dieter Felsenberg.;Walter C Willett.;Bess Dawson-Hughes.;JoAnn E Manson.;Uwe Siebert.;Robert Theiler.;Hannes B Staehelin.;Caroline de Godoi Rezende Costa Molino.;Patricia O Chocano-Bedoya.;Lauren A Abderhalden.;Andreas Egli.;John A Kanis.;Endel J Orav.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1855-1868页
The benefits of vitamin D, omega-3 fatty acids, and exercise in disease prevention remain unclear.
337. Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Status at 14 Days in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Wesley H Self.;Matthew W Semler.;Lindsay M Leither.;Jonathan D Casey.;Derek C Angus.;Roy G Brower.;Steven Y Chang.;Sean P Collins.;John C Eppensteiner.;Michael R Filbin.;D Clark Files.;Kevin W Gibbs.;Adit A Ginde.;Michelle N Gong.;Frank E Harrell.;Douglas L Hayden.;Catherine L Hough.;Nicholas J Johnson.;Akram Khan.;Christopher J Lindsell.;Michael A Matthay.;Marc Moss.;Pauline K Park.;Todd W Rice.;Bryce R H Robinson.;David A Schoenfeld.;Nathan I Shapiro.;Jay S Steingrub.;Christine A Ulysse.;Alexandra Weissman.;Donald M Yealy.;B Taylor Thompson.;Samuel M Brown.; .;Jay Steingrub.;Howard Smithline.;Bogdan Tiru.;Mark Tidswell.;Lori Kozikowski.;Sherell Thornton-Thompson.;Leslie De Souza.;Peter Hou.;Rebecca Baron.;Anthony Massaro.;Imoigele Aisiku.;Lauren Fredenburgh.;Raghu Seethala.;Lily Johnsky.;Richard Riker.;David Seder.;Teresa May.;Michael Baumann.;Ashley Eldridge.;Christine Lord.;Nathan Shapiro.;Daniel Talmor.;Thomas O’Mara.;Charlotte Kirk.;Kelly Harrison.;Lisa Kurt.;Margaret Schermerhorn.;Valerie Banner-Goodspeed.;Katherine Boyle.;Nicole Dubosh.;Michael Filbin.;Kathryn Hibbert.;Blair Parry.;Kendall Lavin-Parsons.;Natalie Pulido.;Brendan Lilley.;Carl Lodenstein.;Justin Margolin.;Kelsey Brait.;Alan Jones.;James Galbraith.;Rebekah Peacock.;Utsav Nandi.;Taylor Wachs.;Michael Matthay.;Kathleen Liu.;Kirsten Kangelaris.;Ralph Wang.;Carolyn Calfee.;Kimberly Yee.;Gregory Hendey.;Steven Chang.;George Lim.;Nida Qadir.;Andrea Tam.;Rebecca Beutler.;Joseph Levitt.;Jenny Wilson.;Angela Rogers.;Rosemary Vojnik.;Jonasel Roque.;Timothy Albertson.;James Chenoweth.;Jason Adams.;Skyler Pearson.;Maya Juarez.;Eyad Almasri.;Mohamed Fayed.;Alyssa Hughes.;Shelly Hillard.;Ryan Huebinger.;Henry Wang.;Elizabeth Vidales.;Bela Patel.;Adit Ginde.;Marc Moss.;Amiran Baduashvili.;Jeffrey McKeehan.;Lani Finck.;Carrie Higgins.;Michelle Howell.;Ivor Douglas.;Jason Haukoos.;Terra Hiller.;Carolynn Lyle.;Alicia Cupelo.;Emily Caruso.;Claudia Camacho.;Stephanie Gravitz.;James Finigan.;Christine Griesmer.;Pauline Park.;Robert Hyzy.;Kristine Nelson.;Kelli McDonough.;Norman Olbrich.;Mark Williams.;Raj Kapoor.;Jean Nash.;Meghan Willig.;Henry Ford.;Jayna Gardner-Gray.;Mayur Ramesh.;Montefiore Moses.;Michelle Ng Gong.;Michael Aboodi.;Ayesha Asghar.;Omowunmi Amosu.;Madeline Torres.;Savneet Kaur.;Jen-Ting Chen.;Aluko Hope.;Brenda Lopez.;Kathleen Rosales.;Jee Young You.;Jarrod Mosier.;Cameron Hypes.;Bhupinder Natt.;Bryan Borg.;Elizabeth Salvagio Campbell.;R Duncan Hite.;Kristin Hudock.;Autumn Cresie.;Faysal Alhasan.;Jose Gomez-Arroyo.;Abhijit Duggal.;Omar Mehkri.;Andrei Hastings.;Debasis Sahoo.;Francois Abi Fadel.;Susan Gole.;Valerie Shaner.;Allison Wimer.;Yvonne Meli.;Alexander King.;Thomas Terndrup.;Matthew Exline.;Sonal Pannu.;Emily Robart.;Sarah Karow.;Catherine Hough.;Bryce Robinson.;Nicholas Johnson.;Daniel Henning.;Monica Campo.;Stephanie Gundel.;Sakshi Seghal.;Sarah Katsandres.;Sarah Dean.;Akram Khan.;Olivia Krol.;Milad Jouzestani.;Peter Huynh.;Alexandra Weissman.;Donald Yealy.;Denise Scholl.;Peter Adams.;Bryan McVerry.;David Huang.;Derek Angus.;Jordan Schooler.;Steven Moore.;Clark Files.;Chadwick Miller.;Kevin Gibbs.;Mary LaRose.;Lori Flores.;Lauren Koehler.;Caryn Morse.;John Sanders.;Caitlyn Langford.;Kristen Nanney.;Masiku MdalaGausi.;Phyllis Yeboah.;Peter Morris.;Jamie Sturgill.;Sherif Seif.;Evan Cassity.;Sanjay Dhar.;Marjolein de Wit.;Jessica Mason.;Andrew Goodwin.;Greg Hall.;Abbey Grady.;Amy Chamberlain.;Samuel Brown.;Joseph Bledsoe.;Lindsay Leither.;Ithan Peltan.;Nathan Starr.;Melissa Fergus.;Valerie Aston.;Quinn Montgomery.;Rilee Smith.;Mardee Merrill.;Katie Brown.;Brent Armbruster.;Estelle Harris.;Elizabeth Middleton.;Robert Paine.;Stacy Johnson.;Macy Barrios.;John Eppensteiner.;Alexander Limkakeng.;Lauren McGowan.;Tedra Porter.;Andrew Bouffler.;J. Clancy Leahy.;Bennet deBoisblanc.;Matthew Lammi.;Kyle Happel.;Paula Lauto.;Wesley Self.;Jonathan Casey.;Matthew Semler.;Sean Collins.;Frank Harrell.;Christopher Lindsell.;Todd Rice.;William Stubblefield.;Christopher Gray.;Jakea Johnson.;Megan Roth.;Margaret Hays.;Donna Torr.;Arwa Zakaria.;David Schoenfeld.;Taylor Thompson.;Douglas Hayden.;Nancy Ringwood.;Cathryn Oldmixon.;Christine Ulysse.;Richard Morse.;Ariela Muzikansky.;Laura Fitzgerald.;Samuel Whitaker.;Adrian Lagakos.;Roy Brower.;Lora Reineck.;Neil Aggarwal.;Karen Bienstock.;Michelle Freemer.;Myron Maclawiw.;Gail Weinmann.;Laurie Morrison.;Mark Gillespie.;Richard Kryscio.;Daniel Brodie.;Wojciech Zareba.;Anne Rompalo.;Michael Boeckh.;Polly Parsons.;Jason Christie.;Jesse Hall.;Nicholas Horton.;Laurie Zoloth.;Neal Dickert.;Deborah Diercks.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷21期2165-2176页
Data on the efficacy of hydroxychloroquine for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed.
338. Effect of an Online Weight Management Program Integrated With Population Health Management on Weight Change: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Heather J Baer.;Ronen Rozenblum.;Barbara A De La Cruz.;E John Orav.;Matthew Wien.;Nyryan V Nolido.;Kristina Metzler.;Katherine D McManus.;Florencia Halperin.;Louis J Aronne.;Guadalupe Minero.;Jason P Block.;David W Bates.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷17期1737-1746页
Online programs may help with weight loss but have not been widely implemented in routine primary care.
339. Effect of Catheter Ablation With Vein of Marshall Ethanol Infusion vs Catheter Ablation Alone on Persistent Atrial Fibrillation: The VENUS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Miguel Valderrábano.;Leif E Peterson.;Vijay Swarup.;Paul A Schurmann.;Akash Makkar.;Rahul N Doshi.;David DeLurgio.;Charles A Athill.;Kenneth A Ellenbogen.;Andrea Natale.;Jayanthi Koneru.;Amish S Dave.;Irakli Giorgberidze.;Hamid Afshar.;Michelle L Guthrie.;Raquel Bunge.;Carlos A Morillo.;Neal S Kleiman.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷16期1620-1628页
Catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) has limited success. Procedural strategies beyond pulmonary vein isolation have failed to consistently improve results. The vein of Marshall contains innervation and AF triggers that can be ablated by retrograde ethanol infusion.
340. Effect of Regional Citrate Anticoagulation vs Systemic Heparin Anticoagulation During Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy on Dialysis Filter Life Span and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Alexander Zarbock.;Mira Küllmar.;Detlef Kindgen-Milles.;Carola Wempe.;Joachim Gerss.;Timo Brandenburger.;Thomas Dimski.;Bartosz Tyczynski.;Michael Jahn.;Nils Mülling.;Martin Mehrländer.;Peter Rosenberger.;Gernot Marx.;Tim Philipp Simon.;Ulrich Jaschinski.;Philipp Deetjen.;Christian Putensen.;Jens-Christian Schewe.;Stefan Kluge.;Dominik Jarczak.;Torsten Slowinski.;Marc Bodenstein.;Patrick Meybohm.;Stefan Wirtz.;Onnen Moerer.;Andreas Kortgen.;Philipp Simon.;Sean M Bagshaw.;John A Kellum.;Melanie Meersch.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷16期1629-1639页
Although current guidelines suggest the use of regional citrate anticoagulation (which involves the addition of a citrate solution to the blood before the filter of the extracorporeal dialysis circuit) as first-line treatment for continuous kidney replacement therapy in critically ill patients, the evidence for this recommendation is based on few clinical trials and meta-analyses.
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