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3361. The effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, bosentan, on blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension. Bosentan Hypertension Investigators.
Endothelin is a powerful vasoconstrictor peptide derived from the endothelium. We evaluated the contribution of endothelin to blood-pressure regulation in patients with essential hypertension by studying the effect of an endothelin-receptor antagonist, bosentan.
3362. Omeprazole compared with misoprostol for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Omeprazole versus Misoprostol for NSAID-induced Ulcer Management (OMNIUM) Study Group.
作者: C J Hawkey.;J A Karrasch.;L Szczepañski.;D G Walker.;A Barkun.;A J Swannell.;N D Yeomans.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期727-34页
Misoprostol is effective for ulcers associated with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) but is often poorly tolerated because of diarrhea and abdominal pain. We compared the efficacy of omeprazole and misoprostol in healing and preventing ulcers associated with NSAIDs.
3363. A comparison of omeprazole with ranitidine for ulcers associated with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Acid Suppression Trial: Ranitidine versus Omeprazole for NSAID-associated Ulcer Treatment (ASTRONAUT) Study Group.
作者: N D Yeomans.;Z Tulassay.;L Juhász.;I Rácz.;J M Howard.;C J van Rensburg.;A J Swannell.;C J Hawkey.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期719-26页
Suppressing acid secretion is thought o reduce the risk of ulcers associated with regular use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), but the best means of accomplishing this is uncertain.
3364. Low-dose aspirin to prevent preeclampsia in women at high risk. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Network of Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units.
作者: S Caritis.;B Sibai.;J Hauth.;M D Lindheimer.;M Klebanoff.;E Thom.;P VanDorsten.;M Landon.;R Paul.;M Miodovnik.;P Meis.;G Thurnau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷11期701-5页
Whether low-dose aspirin prevents preeclampsia is unclear. It is not recommended as prophylaxis in women at low risk for preeclampsia but may reduce the incidence of the disease in women at high risk.
3365. The effect of nisoldipine as compared with enalapril on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes and hypertension.
作者: R O Estacio.;B W Jeffers.;W R Hiatt.;S L Biggerstaff.;N Gifford.;R W Schrier.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷10期645-52页
It has recently been reported that the use of calcium-channel blockers for hypertension may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular complications. Because this issue remains controversial, we studied the incidence of such complications in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypertension who were randomly assigned to treatment with either the calcium-channel blocker nisoldipine or the angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor enalapril as part of a larger study.
3366. The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group.
作者: J D McConnell.;R Bruskewitz.;P Walsh.;G Andriole.;M Lieber.;H L Holtgrewe.;P Albertsen.;C G Roehrborn.;J C Nickel.;D Z Wang.;A M Taylor.;J Waldstreicher.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷9期557-63页
Finasteride is known to improve urinary symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia, but the extent to which the benefit is sustained and whether finasteride reduces the incidence of related events, including the need for surgery and the development of acute urinary retention, is not known.
3367. Conventional compared with individualized chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia.
作者: W E Evans.;M V Relling.;J H Rodman.;W R Crom.;J M Boyett.;C H Pui.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期499-505页
The rate of clearance of antileukemic agents differs by a factor of 3 to 10 among children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. We hypothesized that the outcome of treatment would be improved if doses were individualized to prevent low systemic exposure to the drugs in patients with fast drug clearance.
3368. Antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone to prevent lung disease in preterm infants. North American Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone Study Group.
作者: R A Ballard.;P L Ballard.;A Cnaan.;J Pinto-Martin.;D J Davis.;J F Padbury.;R H Phibbs.;J T Parer.;M C Hart.;F L Mannino.;S K Sawai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期493-8页
Pulmonary disease is common in preterm infants, despite antenatal glucocorticoid therapy. The addition of antenatal thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy has been reported to decrease pulmonary morbidity in these infants.
3369. A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Prévention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group.
作者: H Decousus.;A Leizorovicz.;F Parent.;Y Page.;B Tardy.;P Girard.;S Laporte.;R Faivre.;B Charbonnier.;F G Barral.;Y Huet.;G Simonneau.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷7期409-15页
The efficacy and safety of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis is still a matter of debate.
3370. Nutritional benefits of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis. Wisconsin Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening Study Group.
作者: P M Farrell.;M R Kosorok.;A Laxova.;G Shen.;R E Koscik.;W T Bruns.;M Splaingard.;E H Mischler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷14期963-9页
Many patients with cystic fibrosis are malnourished at the time of diagnosis. Whether newborn screening and early treatment may prevent the development of a nutritional deficiency is not known.
3371. Postoperative radiotherapy in high-risk premenopausal women with breast cancer who receive adjuvant chemotherapy. Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group 82b Trial.
作者: M Overgaard.;P S Hansen.;J Overgaard.;C Rose.;M Andersson.;F Bach.;M Kjaer.;C C Gadeberg.;H T Mouridsen.;M B Jensen.;K Zedeler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1997年337卷14期949-55页
Irradiation after mastectomy can reduce locoregional recurrences in women with breast cancer, but whether it prolongs survival remains controversial. We conducted a randomized trial of radiotherapy after mastectomy in high-risk premenopausal women, all of whom also received adjuvant systemic chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and fluorouracil (CMF).
3372. Evaluation of a ventilation strategy to prevent barotrauma in patients at high risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Pressure- and Volume-Limited Ventilation Strategy Group.
作者: T E Stewart.;M O Meade.;D J Cook.;J T Granton.;R V Hodder.;S E Lapinsky.;C D Mazer.;R F McLean.;T S Rogovein.;B D Schouten.;T R Todd.;A S Slutsky.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷6期355-61页
A strategy of mechanical ventilation that limits airway pressure and tidal volume while permitting hypercapnia has been recommended for patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome. The goal is to reduce lung injury due to overdistention. However, the efficacy of this approach has not been established.
3373. Effect of a protective-ventilation strategy on mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
作者: M B Amato.;C S Barbas.;D M Medeiros.;R B Magaldi.;G P Schettino.;G Lorenzi-Filho.;R A Kairalla.;D Deheinzelin.;C Munoz.;R Oliveira.;T Y Takagaki.;C R Carvalho.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷6期347-54页
In patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome, massive alveolar collapse and cyclic lung reopening and overdistention during mechanical ventilation may perpetuate alveolar injury. We determined whether a ventilatory strategy designed to minimize such lung injuries could reduce not only pulmonary complications but also mortality at 28 days in patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
3374. The relation of pneumothorax and other air leaks to mortality in the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
作者: J G Weg.;A Anzueto.;R A Balk.;H P Wiedemann.;E N Pattishall.;M A Schork.;L A Wagner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷6期341-6页
In patients with the acute respiratory distress syndrome, pneumothorax and other air leaks - any extrusion of air outside the tracheobronchial tree - have been attributed to high ventilatory pressures or volumes and linked to increased mortality.
3375. Prevention of bone loss with alendronate in postmenopausal women under 60 years of age. Early Postmenopausal Intervention Cohort Study Group.
作者: D Hosking.;C E Chilvers.;C Christiansen.;P Ravn.;R Wasnich.;P Ross.;M McClung.;A Balske.;D Thompson.;M Daley.;A J Yates.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷8期485-92页
Estrogen-replacement therapy prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by inhibiting bone resorption, but the balance between its long-term risks and benefits remains unclear. Whether other antiresorptive therapies can prevent osteoporosis in these women is also not clear.
3376. A comparison of botulinum toxin and saline for the treatment of chronic anal fissure.
作者: G Maria.;E Cassetta.;D Gui.;G Brisinda.;A R Bentivoglio.;A Albanese.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷4期217-20页
Chronic anal fissure is a tear in the lower half of the anal canal that is maintained by contraction of the internal anal sphincter. Sphincterotomy, the most widely used treatment, is a surgical procedure that permanently weakens the internal sphincter and may lead to anal deformity and incontinence.
3377. Differential behavioral effects of gonadal steroids in women with and in those without premenstrual syndrome.
作者: P J Schmidt.;L K Nieman.;M A Danaceau.;L F Adams.;D R Rubinow.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷4期209-16页
The symptoms of women with premenstrual syndrome improve in response to suppression of ovarian function, although these women have no evidence of ovarian dysfunction. We undertook a study to determine the role of estrogen and progesterone in this syndrome.
3378. Interleukin-2-receptor blockade with daclizumab to prevent acute rejection in renal transplantation. Daclizumab Triple Therapy Study Group.
作者: F Vincenti.;R Kirkman.;S Light.;G Bumgardner.;M Pescovitz.;P Halloran.;J Neylan.;A Wilkinson.;H Ekberg.;R Gaston.;L Backman.;J Burdick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷3期161-5页
Monoclonal antibodies that block the high-affinity interleukin-2 receptor expressed on alloantigen-reactive T lymphocytes may cause selective immunosuppression. Daclizumab is a genetically engineered human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to the alpha chain of the interleukin-2 receptor and may thus reduce the risk of rejection after renal transplantation.
3379. The role of a common variant of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein gene in the progression of coronary atherosclerosis. The Regression Growth Evaluation Statin Study Group.
作者: J A Kuivenhoven.;J W Jukema.;A H Zwinderman.;P de Knijff.;R McPherson.;A V Bruschke.;K I Lie.;J J Kastelein.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷2期86-93页
The high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration is inversely related to the risk of coronary artery disease. The cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) has a central role in the metabolism of this lipoprotein and may therefore alter the susceptibility to atherosclerosis.
3380. Relation between therapy for hyperthyroidism and the course of Graves' ophthalmopathy.
作者: L Bartalena.;C Marcocci.;F Bogazzi.;L Manetti.;M L Tanda.;E Dell'Unto.;G Bruno-Bossio.;M Nardi.;M P Bartolomei.;A Lepri.;G Rossi.;E Martino.;A Pinchera.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷2期73-8页
The chief clinical characteristics of Graves' disease are hyperthyroidism and ophthalmopathy. The relation between the two and the effect of treatment for hyperthyroidism on ophthalmopathy are unclear.
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