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3361. A randomized trial of aspirin to prevent colorectal adenomas in patients with previous colorectal cancer.
作者: Robert S Sandler.;Susan Halabi.;John A Baron.;Susan Budinger.;Electra Paskett.;Roger Keresztes.;Nicholas Petrelli.;J Marc Pipas.;Daniel D Karp.;Charles L Loprinzi.;Gideon Steinbach.;Richard Schilsky.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷10期883-90页
Experimental studies in animals and observational studies in humans suggest that regular aspirin use may decrease the risk of colorectal adenomas, the precursors to most colorectal cancers.
3362. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-positive chronic hepatitis B.
作者: Patrick Marcellin.;Ting-Tsung Chang.;Seng Gee Lim.;Myron J Tong.;William Sievert.;Mitchell L Shiffman.;Lennox Jeffers.;Zachary Goodman.;Michael S Wulfsohn.;Shelly Xiong.;John Fry.;Carol L Brosgart.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷9期808-16页
In preclinical and phase 2 studies, adefovir dipivoxil demonstrated potent activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), including lamivudine-resistant strains.
3363. Adefovir dipivoxil for the treatment of hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B.
作者: Stephanos J Hadziyannis.;Nicolaos C Tassopoulos.;E Jenny Heathcote.;Ting-Tsung Chang.;George Kitis.;Mario Rizzetto.;Patrick Marcellin.;Seng Gee Lim.;Zachary Goodman.;Michael S Wulfsohn.;Shelly Xiong.;John Fry.;Carol L Brosgart.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷9期800-7页
Adefovir dipivoxil, a nucleotide analogue, demonstrated clinically significant antiviral activity in patients with chronic hepatitis B in phase 1 and 2 clinical trials.
3364. Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism.
作者: Paul M Ridker.;Samuel Z Goldhaber.;Ellie Danielson.;Yves Rosenberg.;Charles S Eby.;Steven R Deitcher.;Mary Cushman.;Stephan Moll.;Craig M Kessler.;C Gregory Elliott.;Rolf Paulson.;Turnly Wong.;Kenneth A Bauer.;Bruce A Schwartz.;Joseph P Miletich.;Henri Bounameaux.;Robert J Glynn.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷15期1425-34页
Standard therapy to prevent recurrent venous thromboembolism includes 3 to 12 months of treatment with full-dose warfarin with a target international normalized ratio (INR) between 2.0 and 3.0. However, for long-term management, no therapeutic agent has shown an acceptable benefit-to-risk ratio.
3365. Addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard chemotherapy for Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone.
作者: Holcombe E Grier.;Mark D Krailo.;Nancy J Tarbell.;Michael P Link.;Christopher J H Fryer.;Douglas J Pritchard.;Mark C Gebhardt.;Paul S Dickman.;Elizabeth J Perlman.;Paul A Meyers.;Sarah S Donaldson.;Sheila Moore.;Aaron R Rausen.;Teresa J Vietti.;James S Miser.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷8期694-701页
Ewing's sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone are closely related, highly malignant tumors of children, adolescents, and young adults. A new drug combination, ifosfamide and etoposide, was highly effective in patients with Ewing's sarcoma or primitive neuroectodermal tumor of bone who had a relapse after standard therapy. We designed a study to test whether the addition of these drugs to a standard regimen would improve the survival of patients with newly diagnosed disease.
3366. Influence of immunogenicity on the long-term efficacy of infliximab in Crohn's disease.
作者: Filip Baert.;Maja Noman.;Severine Vermeire.;Gert Van Assche.;Geert D' Haens.;An Carbonez.;Paul Rutgeerts.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷7期601-8页
Treatment with infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal IgG1 antibody against tumor necrosis factor, can result in the formation of antibodies against infliximab. We evaluated the clinical significance of these antibodies in patients with Crohn's disease.
3367. A comparison of outcomes with angiotensin-converting--enzyme inhibitors and diuretics for hypertension in the elderly.
作者: Lindon M H Wing.;Christopher M Reid.;Philip Ryan.;Lawrence J Beilin.;Mark A Brown.;Garry L R Jennings.;Colin I Johnston.;John J McNeil.;Graham J Macdonald.;John E Marley.;Trefor O Morgan.;Malcolm J West.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷7期583-92页
Treatment of hypertension with diuretics, beta-blockers, or both leads to improved outcomes. It has been postulated that agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system confer benefit beyond the reduction of blood pressure alone. We compared the outcomes in older subjects with hypertension who were treated with angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with the outcomes in those treated with diuretic agents.
3368. Nephrotoxic effects in high-risk patients undergoing angiography.
作者: Peter Aspelin.;Pierre Aubry.;Sven-Göran Fransson.;Ruth Strasser.;Roland Willenbrock.;Knut Joachim Berg.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷6期491-9页
The use of iodinated contrast medium can result in nephropathy. Whether iso-osmolar contrast medium is less nephrotoxic than low-osmolar contrast medium in high-risk patients is uncertain.
3369. A comparison of on-pump and off-pump coronary bypass surgery in low-risk patients.
作者: Hendrik M Nathoe.;Diederik van Dijk.;Erik W L Jansen.;Willem J L Suyker.;Jan C Diephuis.;Wim-Jan van Boven.;Aart Brutel de la Rivière.;Cornelius Borst.;Cor J Kalkman.;Diederick E Grobbee.;Erik Buskens.;Peter P T de Jaegere.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷5期394-402页
The performance of coronary bypass surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass ("off pump") may reduce perioperative morbidity and costs, but it is uncertain whether the outcome is similar to that involving the use of cardiopulmonary bypass ("on pump").
3370. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
作者: Peter Gaede.;Pernille Vedel.;Nicolai Larsen.;Gunnar V H Jensen.;Hans-Henrik Parving.;Oluf Pedersen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷5期383-93页
Cardiovascular morbidity is a major burden in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the Steno-2 Study, we compared the effect of a targeted, intensified, multifactorial intervention with that of conventional treatment on modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria.
3371. A comparison of magnesium sulfate and nimodipine for the prevention of eclampsia.
作者: Michael A Belfort.;John Anthony.;George R Saade.;John C Allen.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷4期304-11页
Magnesium sulfate may prevent eclampsia by reducing cerebral vasoconstriction and ischemia. Nimodipine is a calcium-channel blocker with specific cerebral vasodilator activity. Our objective was to determine whether nimodipine is more effective than magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in women with severe preeclampsia.
3372. Environmental lead exposure and progression of chronic renal diseases in patients without diabetes.
作者: Ja-Liang Lin.;Dan-Tzu Lin-Tan.;Kuang-Hung Hsu.;Chun-Chen Yu.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷4期277-86页
Previous research suggests that environmental lead exposure correlates with age-related decreases in renal function.
3373. Imaging studies after a first febrile urinary tract infection in young children.
作者: Alejandro Hoberman.;Martin Charron.;Robert W Hickey.;Marc Baskin.;Diana H Kearney.;Ellen R Wald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷3期195-202页
Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend obtaining a voiding cystourethrogram and a renal ultrasonogram for young children after a first urinary tract infection; renal scanning with technetium-99m-labeled dimercaptosuccinic acid has also been endorsed by other authorities. We investigated whether imaging studies altered management or improved outcomes in young children with a first febrile urinary tract infection.
3374. Natalizumab for active Crohn's disease.
作者: Subrata Ghosh.;Eran Goldin.;Fiona H Gordon.;Helmut A Malchow.;Jørgen Rask-Madsen.;Paul Rutgeerts.;Petr Vyhnálek.;Zdena Zádorová.;Tanya Palmer.;Stephen Donoghue.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷1期24-32页
In chronic inflammatory conditions such as Crohn's disease, the migration of leukocytes from the circulation into the parenchyma and their activation within inflammatory sites are mediated in part by alpha4 integrins.
3375. A controlled trial of natalizumab for relapsing multiple sclerosis.
作者: David H Miller.;Omar A Khan.;William A Sheremata.;Lance D Blumhardt.;George P A Rice.;Michele A Libonati.;Allison J Willmer-Hulme.;Catherine M Dalton.;Katherine A Miszkiel.;Paul W O'Connor.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷1期15-23页
In patients with multiple sclerosis, inflammatory brain lesions appear to arise from autoimmune responses involving activated lymphocytes and monocytes. The glycoprotein alpha4 integrin is expressed on the surface of these cells and plays a critical part in their adhesion to the vascular endothelium and migration into the parenchyma. Natalizumab is an alpha4 integrin antagonist that reduced the development of brain lesions in experimental models and in a preliminary study of patients with multiple sclerosis.
3376. A randomized, controlled trial of the use of pulmonary-artery catheters in high-risk surgical patients.
作者: James Dean Sandham.;Russell Douglas Hull.;Rollin Frederick Brant.;Linda Knox.;Graham Frederick Pineo.;Christopher J Doig.;Denny P Laporta.;Sidney Viner.;Louise Passerini.;Hugh Devitt.;Ann Kirby.;Michael Jacka.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2003年348卷1期5-14页
Some observational studies suggest that the use of pulmonary-artery catheters to guide therapy is associated with increased mortality.
3377. Tetrahydrobiopterin as an alternative treatment for mild phenylketonuria.
作者: Ania C Muntau.;Wulf Röschinger.;Matthias Habich.;Hans Demmelmair.;Björn Hoffmann.;Christian P Sommerhoff.;Adelbert A Roscher.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷26期2122-32页
Hyperphenylalaninemia is a common inherited metabolic disease that is due to phenylalanine hydroxylase deficiency, and at least half the affected patients have mild clinical phenotypes. Treatment with a low-phenylalanine diet represents a substantial psychosocial burden, but alternative treatments have not been effective.
3378. Celecoxib versus diclofenac and omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients with arthritis.
作者: Francis K L Chan.;Lawrence C T Hung.;Bing Y Suen.;Justin C Y Wu.;Kenneth C Lee.;Vincent K S Leung.;Aric J Hui.;Ka F To.;Wai K Leung.;Vincent W S Wong.;S C Sydney Chung.;Joseph J Y Sung.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷26期2104-10页
Current guidelines recommend that patients at risk for ulcer disease who require treatment for arthritis receive nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that are selective for cyclooxygenase-2 or the combination of a nonselective NSAID with a proton-pump inhibitor. We assessed whether celecoxib would be similar to diclofenac plus omeprazole in reducing the risk of recurrent ulcer bleeding in patients at high risk for bleeding.
3379. Comparison of caspofungin and amphotericin B for invasive candidiasis.
作者: Jorge Mora-Duarte.;Robert Betts.;Coleman Rotstein.;Arnaldo Lopes Colombo.;Luis Thompson-Moya.;Juanita Smietana.;Robert Lupinacci.;Carole Sable.;Nicholas Kartsonis.;John Perfect.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷25期2020-9页
Caspofungin is an echinocandin agent with fungicidal activity against candida species. We performed a double-blind trial to compare caspofungin with amphotericin B deoxycholate for the primary treatment of invasive candidiasis.
3380. Effect of dialysis dose and membrane flux in maintenance hemodialysis.
作者: Garabed Eknoyan.;Gerald J Beck.;Alfred K Cheung.;John T Daugirdas.;Tom Greene.;John W Kusek.;Michael Allon.;James Bailey.;James A Delmez.;Thomas A Depner.;Johanna T Dwyer.;Andrew S Levey.;Nathan W Levin.;Edgar Milford.;Daniel B Ornt.;Michael V Rocco.;Gerald Schulman.;Steve J Schwab.;Brendan P Teehan.;Robert Toto.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年347卷25期2010-9页
The effects of the dose of dialysis and the level of flux of the dialyzer membrane on mortality and morbidity among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis are uncertain.
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