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3341. A comparison of rectal diazepam gel and placebo for acute repetitive seizures.
作者: F E Dreifuss.;N P Rosman.;J C Cloyd.;J M Pellock.;R I Kuzniecky.;W D Lo.;F Matsuo.;G B Sharp.;J A Conry.;D C Bergen.;W E Bell.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷26期1869-75页
Acute repetitive seizures are readily recognizable episodes involving increased seizure frequency. Urgent treatment is often required. Rectal diazepam gel is a promising therapy.
3342. Hyperfractionated irradiation with or without concurrent chemotherapy for locally advanced head and neck cancer.
作者: D M Brizel.;M E Albers.;S R Fisher.;R L Scher.;W J Richtsmeier.;V Hars.;S L George.;A T Huang.;L R Prosnitz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷25期1798-804页
Radiotherapy is often the primary treatment for advanced head and neck cancer, but the rates of locoregional recurrence are high and survival is poor. We investigated whether hyperfractionated irradiation plus concurrent chemotherapy (combined treatment) is superior to hyperfractionated irradiation alone.
3343. Outcomes in patients with acute non-Q-wave myocardial infarction randomly assigned to an invasive as compared with a conservative management strategy. Veterans Affairs Non-Q-Wave Infarction Strategies in Hospital (VANQWISH) Trial Investigators.
作者: W E Boden.;R A O'Rourke.;M H Crawford.;A S Blaustein.;P C Deedwania.;R G Zoble.;L F Wexler.;R E Kleiger.;C J Pepine.;D R Ferry.;B K Chow.;P W Lavori.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷25期1785-92页
Non-Q-wave myocardial infarction is usually managed according to an "invasive" strategy (i.e., one of routine coronary angiography followed by myocardial revascularization).
3344. Augmented post-induction therapy for children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia and a slow response to initial therapy.
作者: J B Nachman.;H N Sather.;M G Sensel.;M E Trigg.;J M Cherlow.;J N Lukens.;L Wolff.;F M Uckun.;P S Gaynon.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷23期1663-71页
Children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who have a slow response to initial chemotherapy (more than 25 percent blasts in the bone marrow on day 7) have a poor outcome despite intensive therapy. We conducted a randomized trial in which such patients were treated with either an augmented intensive regimen of post-induction chemotherapy or a standard regimen of intensive post-induction chemotherapy.
3345. Lack of efficacy of light reduction in preventing retinopathy of prematurity. Light Reduction in Retinopathy of Prematurity (LIGHT-ROP) Cooperative Group.
作者: J D Reynolds.;R J Hardy.;K A Kennedy.;R Spencer.;W A van Heuven.;A R Fielder.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷22期1572-6页
Hospital-nursery lighting has been suggested as a factor in causing retinopathy of prematurity. Despite ongoing debate, a causal relation has not been established.
3346. A comparison of aspirin plus tirofiban with aspirin plus heparin for unstable angina.
Activation of platelets is central to the pathophysiology of unstable angina. We studied whether inhibition of the final common pathway for platelet aggregation with tirofiban, a nonpeptide glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, would improve clinical outcome in this condition.
3347. Inhibition of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor with tirofiban in unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
Antithrombotic therapy improves the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndromes, yet the syndromes remain a therapeutic challenge. We evaluated tirofiban, a specific inhibitor of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, in the treatment of unstable angina and non-Q-wave myocardial infarction.
3348. Chlorambucil in indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia.
作者: G Dighiero.;K Maloum.;B Desablens.;B Cazin.;M Navarro.;R Leblay.;M Leporrier.;J Jaubert.;G Lepeu.;B Dreyfus.;J L Binet.;P Travade.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷21期1506-14页
To determine whether chlorambucil treatment benefits patients with indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), we conducted two randomized trials in 1535 patients with previously untreated stage A CLL.
3349. The efficacy of live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenzavirus vaccine in children.
作者: R B Belshe.;P M Mendelman.;J Treanor.;J King.;W C Gruber.;P Piedra.;D I Bernstein.;F G Hayden.;K Kotloff.;K Zangwill.;D Iacuzio.;M Wolff.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷20期1405-12页
Influenzavirus vaccine is used infrequently in healthy children, even though the rates of influenza in this group are high. We conducted a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenzavirus vaccine in children 15 to 71 months old.
3350. Oral sildenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil Study Group.
作者: I Goldstein.;T F Lue.;H Padma-Nathan.;R C Rosen.;W D Steers.;P A Wicker.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷20期1397-404页
Sildenafil is a potent inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate hydrolysis [corrected] in the corpus cavernosum and therefore increases the penile response to sexual stimulation. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of sildenafil, administered as needed in two sequential double-blind studies of men with erectile dysfunction of organic, psychogenic, and mixed causes.
3351. Failure of cytarabine in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. AIDS Clinical Trials Group 243 Team.
作者: C D Hall.;U Dafni.;D Simpson.;D Clifford.;P E Wetherill.;B Cohen.;J McArthur.;H Hollander.;C Yainnoutsos.;E Major.;L Millar.;J Timpone.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷19期1345-51页
Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy affects about 4 percent of patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), and survival after the diagnosis of leukoencephalopathy averages only about three months. There have been anecdotal reports of improvement but no controlled trials of therapy with antiretroviral treatment plus intravenous or intrathecal cytarabine.
3352. Recombinant human interleukin-2, recombinant human interferon alfa-2a, or both in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Groupe Français d'Immunothérapie.
作者: S Negrier.;B Escudier.;C Lasset.;J Y Douillard.;J Savary.;C Chevreau.;A Ravaud.;A Mercatello.;J Peny.;M Mousseau.;T Philip.;T Tursz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷18期1272-8页
Recombinant human interleukin-2 (aldesleukin) and recombinant human interferon alfa can induce notable tumor regression in a limited number of patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. We conducted a multicenter, randomized trial to determine the effect of each cytokine independently and in combination, and to identify patients who are best suited for this treatment.
3353. Interferon gamma-1b compared with placebo in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. Canadian Urologic Oncology Group.
作者: M E Gleave.;M Elhilali.;Y Fradet.;I Davis.;P Venner.;F Saad.;L H Klotz.;M J Moore.;V Paton.;A Bajamonde.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷18期1265-71页
Most trials of immunomodulators in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma have been uncontrolled and subject to selection bias. The objective of this blinded, placebo-controlled study was to compare overall response rates, time to disease progression, and survival of patients with metastatic renal-cell carcinoma treated with recombinant human interferon gamma-1b or placebo.
3354. A multicenter trial of two dexamethasone regimens in ventilator-dependent premature infants.
作者: L A Papile.;J E Tyson.;B J Stoll.;L L Wright.;E F Donovan.;C R Bauer.;H Krause-Steinrauf.;J Verter.;S B Korones.;J A Lemons.;A A Fanaroff.;D K Stevenson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷16期1112-8页
Ventilator-dependent premature infants are often treated with dexamethasone. However, the optimal timing of therapy is unknown.
3355. A comparison of recombinant urokinase with vascular surgery as initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. Thrombolysis or Peripheral Arterial Surgery (TOPAS) Investigators.
Recent controlled trials suggest that thrombolytic therapy may be an effective initial treatment for acute arterial occlusion of the legs. A major potential benefit of initial thrombolytic therapy is that limb ischemia can be managed with less invasive interventions.
3356. Quality of life and clinical outcomes in elderly patients treated with ventricular pacing as compared with dual-chamber pacing. Pacemaker Selection in the Elderly Investigators.
作者: G A Lamas.;E J Orav.;B S Stambler.;K A Ellenbogen.;E B Sgarbossa.;S K Huang.;R A Marinchak.;N A Estes.;G F Mitchell.;E H Lieberman.;C M Mangione.;L Goldman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷16期1097-104页
Standard clinical practice permits the use of either single-chamber ventricular pacemakers or dual-chamber pacemakers for most patients who require cardiac pacing. Ventricular pacemakers are less expensive, but dual-chamber pacemakers are believed to be more physiologic. However, it is not known whether either type of pacemaker results in superior clinical outcomes.
3357. Reduction of plasma homocyst(e)ine levels by breakfast cereal fortified with folic acid in patients with coronary heart disease.
作者: M R Malinow.;P B Duell.;D L Hess.;P H Anderson.;W D Kruger.;B E Phillipson.;R A Gluckman.;P C Block.;B M Upson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷15期1009-15页
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recommended that cereal-grain products be fortified with folic acid to prevent congenital neural-tube defects. Since folic acid supplementation reduces levels of plasma homocyst(e)ine, or plasma total homocysteine, which are frequently elevated in arterial occlusive disease, we hypothesized that folic acid fortification might reduce plasma homocyst(e)ine levels.
3358. Efficacy and metabolic effects of metformin and troglitazone in type II diabetes mellitus.
作者: S E Inzucchi.;D G Maggs.;G R Spollett.;S L Page.;F S Rife.;V Walton.;G I Shulman.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷13期867-72页
Combination therapy is logical for patients with non-insulin-dependent (type 2) diabetes mellitus, because they often have poor responses to single-drug therapy. We studied the efficacy and physiologic effects of metformin and troglitazone alone and in combination in patients with type 2 diabetes.
3359. Effect of troglitazone in insulin-treated patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Troglitazone and Exogenous Insulin Study Group.
Troglitazone is a new oral antidiabetic drug that increases the sensitivity of peripheral tissues to insulin. It may therefore increase the efficacy of exogenous insulin in patients with insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus.
3360. A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
作者: D Cook.;G Guyatt.;J Marshall.;D Leasa.;H Fuller.;R Hall.;S Peters.;F Rutledge.;L Griffith.;A McLellan.;G Wood.;A Kirby.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年338卷12期791-7页
Critically ill patients who require mechanical ventilation are at increased risk for gastrointestinal bleeding from stress ulcers. There are conflicting data on the effect of histamine H2-receptor antagonists and the cytoprotective agent sucralfate on rates of gastrointestinal bleeding, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and mortality.
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