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3321. The effects of normal as compared with low hematocrit values in patients with cardiac disease who are receiving hemodialysis and epoetin.
作者: A Besarab.;W K Bolton.;J K Browne.;J C Egrie.;A R Nissenson.;D M Okamoto.;S J Schwab.;D A Goodkin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷9期584-90页
In patients with end-stage renal disease, anemia develops as a result of erythropoietin deficiency, and recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is prescribed to correct the anemia partially. We examined the risks and benefits of normalizing the hematocrit in patients with cardiac disease who were undergoing hemodialysis.
3322. Subcutaneous compared with intravenous epoetin in patients receiving hemodialysis. Department of Veterans Affairs Cooperative Study Group on Erythropoietin in Hemodialysis Patients.
作者: J S Kaufman.;D J Reda.;C L Fye.;D S Goldfarb.;W G Henderson.;J G Kleinman.;C A Vaamonde.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷9期578-83页
Several studies have suggested that if recombinant human erythropoietin (epoetin) is administered subcutaneously rather than intravenously, a lower dose may be sufficient to maintain the hematocrit at a given level.
3323. A controlled trial of nonoxynol 9 film to reduce male-to-female transmission of sexually transmitted diseases.
作者: R E Roddy.;L Zekeng.;K A Ryan.;U Tamoufé.;S S Weir.;E L Wong.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷8期504-10页
Nonoxynol 9 is a proved spermicide, but whether it is also a microbicide is uncertain. A truly effective vaginal microbicide would reduce the susceptibility of women to sexually transmitted diseases, including infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
3324. A comparison of nebulized budesonide, intramuscular dexamethasone, and placebo for moderately severe croup.
作者: D W Johnson.;S Jacobson.;P C Edney.;P Hadfield.;M E Mundy.;S Schuh.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷8期498-503页
In children with croup, treatment with nebulized budesonide decreases symptoms, but it is uncertain how budesonide compares with dexamethasone, the conventional therapy for croup, and whether either reduces the rate of hospitalization.
3325. Inhibition of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa with eptifibatide in patients with acute coronary syndromes.
Aggregation of platelets is the pathophysiologic basis of the acute coronary syndromes. Eptifibatide, a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide, is a selective high-affinity inhibitor of the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor, which is involved in platelet aggregation. We tested the hypothesis that inhibition of platelet aggregation with eptifibatide would have an incremental benefit beyond that of heparin and aspirin in reducing the frequency of adverse outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndromes who did not have persistent ST-segment elevation.
3326. A comparison of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure.
作者: M Antonelli.;G Conti.;M Rocco.;M Bufi.;R A De Blasi.;G Vivino.;A Gasparetto.;G U Meduri.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷7期429-35页
The role of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation delivered through a face mask in patients with acute respiratory failure is uncertain. We conducted a prospective, randomized trial of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation as compared with endotracheal intubation with conventional mechanical ventilation in 64 patients with hypoxemic acute respiratory failure who required mechanical ventilation.
3327. Acyclovir for the prevention of recurrent herpes simplex virus eye disease. Herpetic Eye Disease Study Group.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷5期300-6页
Long-term treatment with antiviral agents has been shown to prevent recurrences of genital and orofacial herpes simplex virus (HSV) disease, but it is uncertain whether prophylactic treatment can prevent recurrences of ocular HSV disease.
3328. A comparison of budesonide and mesalamine for active Crohn's disease. International Budesonide-Mesalamine Study Group.
作者: O O Thomsen.;A Cortot.;D Jewell.;J P Wright.;T Winter.;F T Veloso.;M Vatn.;T Persson.;E Pettersson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷6期370-4页
Crohn's disease is often treated with glucocorticoids or mesalamine. We compared the efficacy and safety of controlled-ileal-release budesonide capsules and slow-release mesalamine tablets in patients with active Crohn's disease affecting the ileum, the ascending colon, or both.
3329. Reduction in new metastases in breast cancer with adjuvant clodronate treatment.
作者: I J Diel.;E F Solomayer.;S D Costa.;C Gollan.;R Goerner.;D Wallwiener.;M Kaufmann.;G Bastert.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷6期357-63页
Bisphosphonates are effective against the increased bone resorption caused by certain diseases because they inhibit the activity of osteoclasts. In patients who have breast cancer and metastatic bone disease, the bisphosphonate clodronate (clodronic acid) reduces the frequency of skeletal complications. Experiments in animals and preliminary clinical observations indicate that early clodronate therapy reduces the incidence of new bony metastases in breast cancer. We investigated the effects of clodronate on the incidence and extent of new metastases in patients with breast cancer.
3330. Alendronate for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis Intervention Study Group.
作者: K G Saag.;R Emkey.;T J Schnitzer.;J P Brown.;F Hawkins.;S Goemaere.;G Thamsborg.;U A Liberman.;P D Delmas.;M P Malice.;M Czachur.;A G Daifotis.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷5期292-9页
Osteoporosis is a common complication of long-term glucocorticoid therapy for which there is no well-proved preventive or restorative treatment.
3331. A vaccine consisting of recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface protein A to prevent Lyme disease. Recombinant Outer-Surface Protein A Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Consortium.
作者: L H Sigal.;J M Zahradnik.;P Lavin.;S J Patella.;G Bryant.;R Haselby.;E Hilton.;M Kunkel.;D Adler-Klein.;T Doherty.;J Evans.;P J Molloy.;A L Seidner.;J R Sabetta.;H J Simon.;M S Klempner.;J Mays.;D Marks.;S E Malawista.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷4期216-22页
Lyme disease is a multisystem inflammatory disease caused by infection with the tick-borne spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi and is the most common vector-borne infection in the United States. We assessed the efficacy of a recombinant vaccine consisting of outer-surface protein A (OspA) without adjuvant in subjects at risk for Lyme disease.
3332. Vaccination against Lyme disease with recombinant Borrelia burgdorferi outer-surface lipoprotein A with adjuvant. Lyme Disease Vaccine Study Group.
作者: A C Steere.;V K Sikand.;F Meurice.;D L Parenti.;E Fikrig.;R T Schoen.;J Nowakowski.;C H Schmid.;S Laukamp.;C Buscarino.;D S Krause.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷4期209-15页
The risk of acquiring Lyme disease is high in areas in which the disease is endemic, and the development of a safe and effective vaccine is therefore important.
3333. Montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, for the treatment of mild asthma and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
作者: J A Leff.;W W Busse.;D Pearlman.;E A Bronsky.;J Kemp.;L Hendeles.;R Dockhorn.;S Kundu.;J Zhang.;B C Seidenberg.;T F Reiss.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷3期147-52页
Patients with mild asthma frequently have only exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, a symptom of inadequate control of asthma. We evaluated the ability of montelukast, a leukotriene-receptor antagonist, to protect such patients against exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
3334. Effect of long-term salmeterol treatment on exercise-induced asthma.
作者: J A Nelson.;L Strauss.;M Skowronski.;R Ciufo.;R Novak.;E R McFadden.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷3期141-6页
With long-term administration of salmeterol, the extent of protection afforded by the drug against experimental precipitants of asthma such as methacholine and adenosine may decrease. Whether this effect extends to a clinically relevant stimulus such as exercise is unknown.
3335. Enoxaparin plus compression stockings compared with compression stockings alone in the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective neurosurgery.
作者: G Agnelli.;F Piovella.;P Buoncristiani.;P Severi.;M Pini.;A D'Angelo.;C Beltrametti.;M Damiani.;G C Andrioli.;R Pugliese.;A Iorio.;G Brambilla.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷2期80-5页
Compression stockings are recommended for prophylaxis against venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing neurosurgery, but anticoagulant agents have not gained wide acceptance because of concern about intracranial bleeding.
3336. Lack of effect of walking on labor and delivery.
作者: S L Bloom.;D D McIntire.;M A Kelly.;H L Beimer.;R H Burpo.;M A Garcia.;K J Leveno.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷2期76-9页
Walking during labor may reduce patients' discomfort and improve outcomes. We conducted a randomized trial of walking during active labor to determine whether it altered the duration of labor or other maternal or fetal outcomes. Women with uncomplicated pregnancies between 36 and 41 weeks' gestation and in active labor were randomly assigned either to walking or to no walking (usual care). Pedometers were used to quantify walking, and the time spent walking was recorded.
3337. A one-year trial of lamivudine for chronic hepatitis B. Asia Hepatitis Lamivudine Study Group.
作者: C L Lai.;R N Chien.;N W Leung.;T T Chang.;R Guan.;D I Tai.;K Y Ng.;P C Wu.;J C Dent.;J Barber.;S L Stephenson.;D F Gray.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷2期61-8页
In preliminary trials, lamivudine, an oral nucleoside analogue, has shown promise for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B. We conducted a one-year, double-blind trial of lamivudine in 358 Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis B. The patients were randomly assigned to receive 25 mg of lamivudine (142 patients), 100 mg of lamivudine (143), or placebo (73) orally once daily. The patients underwent liver biopsies before entering the study and after completing the assigned treatment regimen. The primary end point was a reduction of at least two points in the Knodell necroinflammatory score.
3338. Chemotherapy alone compared with chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for localized intermediate- and high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
作者: T P Miller.;S Dahlberg.;J R Cassady.;D J Adelstein.;C M Spier.;T M Grogan.;M LeBlanc.;S Carlin.;E Chase.;R I Fisher.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷1期21-6页
Patients with clinically localized, intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma usually receive initial treatment with a doxorubicin-containing regimen such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP). Pilot studies suggest that eight cycles of CHOP alone or three cycles of CHOP followed by involved-field radiotherapy are effective in such patients.
3339. Effects of diet and exercise in men and postmenopausal women with low levels of HDL cholesterol and high levels of LDL cholesterol.
作者: M L Stefanick.;S Mackey.;M Sheehan.;N Ellsworth.;W L Haskell.;P D Wood.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷1期12-20页
Guidelines established by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) promote exercise and weight loss for the treatment of abnormal lipoprotein levels. Little is known, however, about the effects of exercise or the NCEP diet, which is moderately low in fat and cholesterol, in persons with lipoprotein levels that place them at high risk for coronary heart disease.
3340. Prevention of a first stroke by transfusions in children with sickle cell anemia and abnormal results on transcranial Doppler ultrasonography.
作者: R J Adams.;V C McKie.;L Hsu.;B Files.;E Vichinsky.;C Pegelow.;M Abboud.;D Gallagher.;A Kutlar.;F T Nichols.;D R Bonds.;D Brambilla.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷1期5-11页
Blood transfusions prevent recurrent stroke in children with sickle cell anemia, but the value of transfusions in preventing a first stroke is unknown. We used transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to identify children with sickle cell anemia who were at high risk for stroke and then randomly assigned them to receive standard care or transfusions to prevent a first stroke.
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