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3281. Effect of growth hormone treatment on adult height of children with idiopathic short stature. Genentech Collaborative Group.
Short-term administration of growth hormone to children with idiopathic short stature results in increases in growth rate and standard-deviation scores for height. However, the effect of long-term growth hormone therapy on adult height in these children is unknown.
3282. Effects of thyroxine as compared with thyroxine plus triiodothyronine in patients with hypothyroidism.
Patients with hypothyroidism are usually treated with thyroxine (levothyroxine) only, although both thyroxine and triiodothyronine are secreted by the normal thyroid gland. Whether thyroid secretion of triiodothyronine is physiologically important is unknown.
3283. Lack of effectiveness of bed rest for sciatica.
作者: P C Vroomen.;M C de Krom.;J T Wilmink.;A D Kester.;J A Knottnerus.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷6期418-23页
Bed rest is widely advocated for sciatica, but its effectiveness has not been established. To study the effectiveness of bed rest in patients with a lumbosacral radicular syndrome of sufficient severity to justify treatment with bed rest for two weeks, we randomly assigned 183 subjects to either bed rest or watchful waiting for this period. The primary outcome measures were the investigator's and patient's global assessments of improvement after 2 and 12 weeks, and the secondary outcome measures were changes in functional status and in pain scores (after 2, 3, and 12 weeks), absenteeism from work, and the need for surgical intervention. Neither the investigators who assessed the outcomes nor those involved in data entry and analysis were aware of the patients' treatment assignments.
3284. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators, Canadian Critical Care Trials Group.
作者: P C Hébert.;G Wells.;M A Blajchman.;J Marshall.;C Martin.;G Pagliarello.;M Tweeddale.;I Schweitzer.;E Yetisir.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷6期409-17页
To determine whether a restrictive strategy of red-cell transfusion and a liberal strategy produced equivalent results in critically ill patients, we compared the rates of death from all causes at 30 days and the severity of organ dysfunction.
3285. Lack of effect of coumarin in women with lymphedema after treatment for breast cancer.
作者: C L Loprinzi.;J W Kugler.;J A Sloan.;T W Rooke.;S K Quella.;P Novotny.;R B Mowat.;J C Michalak.;P J Stella.;R Levitt.;L K Tschetter.;H Windschitl.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷5期346-50页
Lymphedema of the arms can be a serious consequence of local and regional therapy in women with breast cancer. Coumarin has been reported to be effective for the treatment of women with lymphedema; we undertook a study in which we attempted to replicate those findings.
3286. A controlled trial of exercise rehabilitation after heart transplantation.
作者: J A Kobashigawa.;D A Leaf.;N Lee.;M P Gleeson.;H Liu.;M A Hamilton.;J D Moriguchi.;N Kawata.;K Einhorn.;E Herlihy.;H Laks.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷4期272-7页
In patients who have received a cardiac transplant, the denervated donor heart responds abnormally to exercise and exercise tolerance is reduced. The role of physical exercise in the treatment of patients who have undergone cardiac transplantation has not been determined. We assessed the effects of training on the capacity for exercise early after cardiac transplantation.
3287. Twice-daily compared with once-daily thoracic radiotherapy in limited small-cell lung cancer treated concurrently with cisplatin and etoposide.
作者: A T Turrisi.;K Kim.;R Blum.;W T Sause.;R B Livingston.;R Komaki.;H Wagner.;S Aisner.;D H Johnson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷4期265-71页
For small-cell lung cancer confined to one hemithorax (limited small-cell lung cancer), thoracic radiotherapy improves survival, but the best ways of integrating chemotherapy and thoracic radiotherapy remain unsettled. Twice-daily accelerated thoracic radiotherapy has potential advantages over once-daily radiotherapy.
3288. A trial of etanercept, a recombinant tumor necrosis factor receptor:Fc fusion protein, in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate.
作者: M E Weinblatt.;J M Kremer.;A D Bankhurst.;K J Bulpitt.;R M Fleischmann.;R I Fox.;C G Jackson.;M Lange.;D J Burge.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷4期253-9页
Patients treated with methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis often improve but continue to have active disease. This study was undertaken to determine whether the addition of etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (p75):Fc fusion protein (TNFR:Fc), to methotrexate therapy would provide additional benefit to patients who had persistent rheumatoid arthritis despite receiving methotrexate.
3289. Reduction of cisplatin-induced emesis by a selective neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist. L-754,030 Antiemetic Trials Group.
作者: R M Navari.;R R Reinhardt.;R J Gralla.;M G Kris.;P J Hesketh.;A Khojasteh.;H Kindler.;T H Grote.;K Pendergrass.;S M Grunberg.;A D Carides.;B J Gertz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷3期190-5页
The localization of substance P in brain-stem regions associated with vomiting, and the results of studies in ferrets, led us to postulate that a neurokinin-1-receptor antagonist would be an antiemetic in patients receiving anticancer chemotherapy.
3290. Efficacy of superovulation and intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility. National Cooperative Reproductive Medicine Network.
作者: D S Guzick.;S A Carson.;C Coutifaris.;J W Overstreet.;P Factor-Litvak.;M P Steinkampf.;J A Hill.;L Mastroianni.;J E Buster.;S T Nakajima.;D L Vogel.;R E Canfield.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷3期177-83页
Induction of superovulation with gonadotropins and intrauterine insemination are frequently used to treat infertility. We conducted a large, randomized, controlled clinical trial of these treatments.
3291. Calcium supplements for the prevention of colorectal adenomas. Calcium Polyp Prevention Study Group.
作者: J A Baron.;M Beach.;J S Mandel.;R U van Stolk.;R W Haile.;R S Sandler.;R Rothstein.;R W Summers.;D C Snover.;G J Beck.;J H Bond.;E R Greenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷2期101-7页
Laboratory, clinical, and epidemiologic evidence suggests that calcium may help prevent colorectal adenomas. We conducted a randomized, double-blind trial of the effect of supplementation with calcium carbonate on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. We randomly assigned 930 subjects (mean age, 61 years; 72 percent men) with a recent history of colorectal adenomas to receive either calcium carbonate (3 g [1200 mg of elemental calcium] daily) or placebo, with follow-up colonoscopies one and four years after the qualifying examination. The primary end point was the proportion of subjects in whom at least one adenoma was detected after the first follow-up endoscopy but up to (and including) the second follow-up examination. Risk ratios for the recurrence of adenomas were adjusted for age, sex, lifetime number of adenomas before the study, clinical center, and length of the surveillance period.
3292. A randomized, controlled trial of a behavioral intervention to prevent sexually transmitted disease among minority women.
作者: R N Shain.;J M Piper.;E R Newton.;S T Perdue.;R Ramos.;J D Champion.;F A Guerra.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷2期93-100页
African-American and Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by sexually transmitted diseases, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In the effort to reduce infection rates, it is important to create and evaluate behavioral interventions that are specific to the target populations.
3293. Intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis. Cystic Fibrosis Inhaled Tobramycin Study Group.
作者: B W Ramsey.;M S Pepe.;J M Quan.;K L Otto.;A B Montgomery.;J Williams-Warren.;M Vasiljev-K.;D Borowitz.;C M Bowman.;B C Marshall.;S Marshall.;A L Smith.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷1期23-30页
We conducted two multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of intermittent administration of inhaled tobramycin in patients with cystic fibrosis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. A total of 520 patients (mean age, 21 years) were randomly assigned to receive either 300 mg of inhaled tobramycin or placebo twice daily for four weeks, followed by four weeks with no study drug. Patients received treatment or placebo in three on-off cycles for a total of 24 weeks. The end points included pulmonary function, the density of P. aeruginosa in sputum, and hospitalization.
3294. A comparison of two antimicrobial-impregnated central venous catheters. Catheter Study Group.
作者: R O Darouiche.;I I Raad.;S O Heard.;J I Thornby.;O C Wenker.;A Gabrielli.;J Berg.;N Khardori.;H Hanna.;R Hachem.;R L Harris.;G Mayhall.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1999年340卷1期1-8页
The use of central venous catheters impregnated with either minocycline and rifampin or chlorhexidine and silver sulfadiazine reduces the rates of catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection as compared with the use of unimpregnated catheters. We compared the rates of catheter colonization and catheter-related bloodstream infection associated with these two kinds of antiinfective catheters.
3295. Chemotherapy followed by surgery compared with surgery alone for localized esophageal cancer.
作者: D P Kelsen.;R Ginsberg.;T F Pajak.;D G Sheahan.;L Gunderson.;J Mortimer.;N Estes.;D G Haller.;J Ajani.;W Kocha.;B D Minsky.;J A Roth.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷27期1979-84页
We performed a multi-institutional randomized trial comparing preoperative chemotherapy followed by surgery with surgery alone for patients with local and operable esophageal cancer.
3296. Atovaquone compared with dapsone for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection who cannot tolerate trimethoprim, sulfonamides, or both. Community Program for Clinical Research on AIDS and the AIDS Clinical Trials Group.
作者: W M El-Sadr.;R L Murphy.;T M Yurik.;R Luskin-Hawk.;T W Cheung.;H H Balfour.;R Eng.;T M Hooton.;T M Kerkering.;M Schutz.;C van der Horst.;R Hafner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1889-95页
Although trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the drug of choice for the prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, many patients cannot tolerate it and must switch to an alternative agent.
3297. A clinical trial of a chest-pain observation unit for patients with unstable angina. Chest Pain Evaluation in the Emergency Room (CHEER) Investigators.
作者: M E Farkouh.;P A Smars.;G S Reeder.;A R Zinsmeister.;R W Evans.;T D Meloy.;S L Kopecky.;M Allen.;T G Allison.;R J Gibbons.;S E Gabriel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1882-8页
Nearly half of patients hospitalized with unstable angina eventually receive a non-cardiac-related diagnosis, yet 5 percent of patients with myocardial infarction are inappropriately discharged from the emergency department. We evaluated the safety, efficacy, and cost of admission to a chest-pain observation unit (CPU) located in the emergency department for such patients.
3298. Lack of effect of treating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia. Omeprazole plus Clarithromycin and Amoxicillin Effect One Year after Treatment (OCAY) Study Group.
作者: A L Blum.;N J Talley.;C O'Moráin.;S V van Zanten.;J Labenz.;M Stolte.;J A Louw.;A Stubberöd.;A Theodórs.;M Sundin.;E Bolling-Sternevald.;O Junghard.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1875-81页
It is uncertain whether treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection relieves symptoms in patients with nonulcer, or functional, dyspepsia.
3299. Symptomatic benefit from eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia.
作者: K McColl.;L Murray.;E El-Omar.;A Dickson.;A El-Nujumi.;A Wirz.;A Kelman.;C Penny.;R Knill-Jones.;T Hilditch.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷26期1869-74页
The eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection is beneficial in patients with gastric or duodenal ulcers. The value of eradicating the infection in patients with dyspepsia and no evidence of ulcer disease is not known.
3300. A dose-dependent increase in mortality with vesnarinone among patients with severe heart failure. Vesnarinone Trial Investigators.
作者: J N Cohn.;S O Goldstein.;B H Greenberg.;B H Lorell.;R C Bourge.;B E Jaski.;S O Gottlieb.;F McGrew.;D L DeMets.;B G White.
来源: N Engl J Med. 1998年339卷25期1810-6页
Vesnarinone, an inotropic drug, was shown in a short-term placebo-controlled trial to improve survival markedly in patients with severe heart failure when given at a dose of 60 mg per day, but there was a trend toward an adverse effect on survival when the dose was 120 mg per day. In a longer-term study, we evaluated the effects of daily doses of 60 mg or 30 mg of vesnarinone, as compared with placebo, on mortality and morbidity.
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