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3181. Incidence of cancer after prophylaxis with warfarin against recurrent venous thromboembolism. Duration of Anticoagulation Trial.
The length of time after an episode of venous thromboembolism during which the risk of newly diagnosed cancer is increased is not known, and whether vitamin K antagonists have an antineoplastic effect is controversial.
3182. The effect of celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, in familial adenomatous polyposis.
作者: G Steinbach.;P M Lynch.;R K Phillips.;M H Wallace.;E Hawk.;G B Gordon.;N Wakabayashi.;B Saunders.;Y Shen.;T Fujimura.;L K Su.;B Levin.;L Godio.;S Patterson.;M A Rodriguez-Bigas.;S L Jester.;K L King.;M Schumacher.;J Abbruzzese.;R N DuBois.;W N Hittelman.;S Zimmerman.;J W Sherman.;G Kelloff.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷26期1946-52页
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis have a nearly 100 percent risk of colorectal cancer. In this disease, the chemopreventive effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs may be related to their inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2.
3183. Electrophysiologic testing to identify patients with coronary artery disease who are at risk for sudden death. Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial Investigators.
作者: A E Buxton.;K L Lee.;L DiCarlo.;M R Gold.;G S Greer.;E N Prystowsky.;M F O'Toole.;A Tang.;J D Fisher.;J Coromilas.;M Talajic.;G Hafley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷26期1937-45页
The mortality rate among patients with coronary artery disease, abnormal ventricular function, and unsustained ventricular tachycardia is high. The usefulness of electrophysiologic testing for risk stratification in these patients is unclear.
3184. A comparison of colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema for surveillance after polypectomy. National Polyp Study Work Group.
作者: S J Winawer.;E T Stewart.;A G Zauber.;J H Bond.;H Ansel.;J D Waye.;D Hall.;J A Hamlin.;M Schapiro.;M J O'Brien.;S S Sternberg.;L S Gottlieb.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷24期1766-72页
After patients have undergone colonoscopic polypectomy, it is uncertain whether colonoscopic examination or a barium enema is the better method of surveillance.
3185. A comparison of paracentesis and transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunting in patients with ascites.
作者: M Rössle.;A Ochs.;V Gülberg.;V Siegerstetter.;J Holl.;P Deibert.;M Olschewski.;M Reiser.;A L Gerbes.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷23期1701-7页
In patients with cirrhosis and ascites, creation of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt may reduce the ascites and improve renal function. However, the benefit of this procedure as compared with that of large-volume paracentesis is uncertain.
3186. A preliminary study of growth hormone therapy for Crohn's disease.
作者: A E Slonim.;L Bulone.;M B Damore.;T Goldberg.;M A Wingertzahn.;M J McKinley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷22期1633-7页
Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the bowel. In a preliminary study, we evaluated whether the administration of growth hormone (somatropin) as well as a high-protein diet would ameliorate the symptoms of the disease.
3187. A comparison of methotrexate with placebo for the maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease. North American Crohn's Study Group Investigators.
作者: B G Feagan.;R N Fedorak.;E J Irvine.;G Wild.;L Sutherland.;A H Steinhart.;G R Greenberg.;J Koval.;C J Wong.;M Hopkins.;S B Hanauer.;J W McDonald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷22期1627-32页
Patients with Crohn's disease often have relapses. Better treatments are needed for the maintenance of remission. Although methotrexate is an effective short-term treatment for Crohn's disease, its role in maintaining remissions is not known.
3188. Dexamethasone alone or in combination with ondansetron for the prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy.
The prevention of delayed nausea and vomiting caused by moderately emetogenic chemotherapy for cancer has not been studied systematically.
3189. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation by chest compression alone or with mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
Despite extensive training of citizens of Seattle in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), bystanders do not perform CPR in almost half of witnessed cardiac arrests. Instructions in chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation given by dispatchers over the telephone can require 2.4 minutes. In experimental studies, chest compression alone is associated with survival rates similar to those with chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation. We conducted a randomized study to compare CPR by chest compression alone with CPR by chest compression plus mouth-to-mouth ventilation.
3190. A five-year study of the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with early Parkinson's disease who were treated with ropinirole or levodopa.
作者: O Rascol.;D J Brooks.;A D Korczyn.;P P De Deyn.;C E Clarke.;A E Lang.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷20期1484-91页
There is debate about whether the initial treatment for patients with Parkinson's disease should be levodopa or a dopamine agonist.
3191. Daily interruption of sedative infusions in critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation.
Conous infusions of sedative drugs in the intensive care unit may prolong the duration of mechanical ventilation, prolong the length of stay in the intensive care unit and the hospital, impede efforts to perform daily neurologic examinations, and increase the need for tests to assess alterations in mental status. Whether regular interruption of such infusions might accelerate recovery is not known.
3192. A comparison of nefazodone, the cognitive behavioral-analysis system of psychotherapy, and their combination for the treatment of chronic depression.
作者: M B Keller.;J P McCullough.;D N Klein.;B Arnow.;D L Dunner.;A J Gelenberg.;J C Markowitz.;C B Nemeroff.;J M Russell.;M E Thase.;M H Trivedi.;J Zajecka.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷20期1462-70页
Patients with chronic forms of major depression are difficult to treat, and the relative efficacy of medications and psychotherapy is uncertain.
3193. Beneficial effects of high dietary fiber intake in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
作者: M Chandalia.;A Garg.;D Lutjohann.;K von Bergmann.;S M Grundy.;L J Brinkley.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷19期1392-8页
The effect of increasing the intake of dietary fiber on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus is controversial.
3194. Long-term treatment with a platelet glycoprotein-receptor antagonist after percutaneous coronary revascularization. EXCITE Trial Investigators. Evaluation of Oral Xemilofiban in Controlling Thrombotic Events.
作者: W W O'Neill.;P Serruys.;M Knudtson.;G A van Es.;G C Timmis.;C van der Zwaan.;J Kleiman.;J Gong.;E B Roecker.;R Dreiling.;J Alexander.;R Anders.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷18期1316-24页
When administered intravenously at the time of percutaneous coronary revascularization, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor antagonists decrease the incidence of death and nonfatal myocardial infarction and the need for urgent revascularization. We hypothesized that long-term administration of oral glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists, which block the aggregation of platelets, might stabilize intravascular plaque and prevent additional ischemic cardiac events.
3195. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.
作者: .;Roy G Brower.;Michael A Matthay.;Alan Morris.;David Schoenfeld.;B Taylor Thompson.;Arthur Wheeler.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷18期1301-8页
Traditional approaches to mechanical ventilation use tidal volumes of 10 to 15 ml per kilogram of body weight and may cause stretch-induced lung injury in patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. We therefore conducted a trial to determine whether ventilation with lower tidal volumes would improve the clinical outcomes in these patients.
3196. Treatment of acromegaly with the growth hormone-receptor antagonist pegvisomant.
作者: P J Trainer.;W M Drake.;L Katznelson.;P U Freda.;V Herman-Bonert.;A J van der Lely.;E V Dimaraki.;P M Stewart.;K E Friend.;M L Vance.;G M Besser.;J A Scarlett.;M O Thorner.;C Parkinson.;A Klibanski.;J S Powell.;A L Barkan.;M C Sheppard.;M Malsonado.;D R Rose.;D R Clemmons.;G Johannsson.;B A Bengtsson.;S Stavrou.;D L Kleinberg.;D M Cook.;L S Phillips.;M Bidlingmaier.;C J Strasburger.;S Hackett.;K Zib.;W F Bennett.;R J Davis.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1171-7页
Patients with acromegaly are currently treated with surgery, radiation therapy, and drugs to reduce hypersecretion of growth hormone, but the treatments may be ineffective and have adverse effects. Pegvisomant is a genetically engineered growth hormone-receptor antagonist that blocks the action of growth hormone.
3197. Lack of effect of a high-fiber cereal supplement on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Phoenix Colon Cancer Prevention Physicians' Network.
作者: D S Alberts.;M E Martínez.;D J Roe.;J M Guillén-Rodríguez.;J R Marshall.;J B van Leeuwen.;M E Reid.;C Ritenbaugh.;P A Vargas.;A B Bhattacharyya.;D L Earnest.;R E Sampliner.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1156-62页
The risks of colorectal cancer and adenoma, the precursor lesion, are believed to be influenced by dietary factors. Epidemiologic evidence that cereal fiber protects against colorectal cancer is equivocal. We conducted a randomized trial to determine whether dietary supplementation with wheat-bran fiber reduces the rate of recurrence of colorectal adenomas.
3198. Lack of effect of a low-fat, high-fiber diet on the recurrence of colorectal adenomas. Polyp Prevention Trial Study Group.
作者: A Schatzkin.;E Lanza.;D Corle.;P Lance.;F Iber.;B Caan.;M Shike.;J Weissfeld.;R Burt.;M R Cooper.;J W Kikendall.;J Cahill.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷16期1149-55页
We tested the hypothesis that dietary intervention can inhibit the development of recurrent colorectal adenomas, which are precursors of most large-bowel cancers.
3199. Discontinuation of prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex disease in HIV-infected patients who have a response to antiretroviral therapy. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS.
作者: W M El-Sadr.;W J Burman.;L B Grant.;J P Matts.;R Hafner.;L Crane.;D Zeh.;B Gallagher.;S B Mannheimer.;A Martinez.;F Gordin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷15期1085-92页
Several agents are effective in preventing Mycobacterium avium complex disease in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. However, there is uncertainty about whether prophylaxis should be continued in patients whose CD4+ cell counts have increased substantially with antiviral therapy.
3200. Conventional-dose chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy plus autologous hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation for metastatic breast cancer. Philadelphia Bone Marrow Transplant Group.
作者: E A Stadtmauer.;A O'Neill.;L J Goldstein.;P A Crilley.;K F Mangan.;J N Ingle.;I Brodsky.;S Martino.;H M Lazarus.;J K Erban.;C Sickles.;J H Glick.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年342卷15期1069-76页
We conducted a randomized trial in which we compared high-dose chemotherapy plus hematopoietic stem-cell rescue with a prolonged course of monthly conventional-dose chemotherapy in women with metastatic breast cancer.
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