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301. Breast Cancer Treatment: A Review.
Breast cancer will be diagnosed in 12% of women in the United States over the course of their lifetimes and more than 250 000 new cases of breast cancer were diagnosed in the United States in 2017. This review focuses on current approaches and evolving strategies for local and systemic therapy of breast cancer.
302. Association of Aspirin Use for Primary Prevention With Cardiovascular Events and Bleeding Events: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
The role for aspirin in cardiovascular primary prevention remains controversial, with potential benefits limited by an increased bleeding risk.
303. Evaluation and Management of Penicillin Allergy: A Review.
β-Lactam antibiotics are among the safest and most effective antibiotics. Many patients report allergies to these drugs that limit their use, resulting in the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics that increase the risk for antimicrobial resistance and adverse events.
304. In-Flight Medical Emergencies: A Review.
In-flight medical emergencies (IMEs) are common and occur in a complex environment with limited medical resources. Health care personnel are often asked to assist affected passengers and the flight team, and many have limited experience in this environment.
305. Association of Pharmacological Treatments With Long-term Pain Control in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Dario Gregori.;Giampaolo Giacovelli.;Clara Minto.;Beatrice Barbetta.;Francesca Gualtieri.;Danila Azzolina.;Paola Vaghi.;Lucio C Rovati.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷24期2564-2579页
Even though osteoarthritis is a chronic and progressive disease, pharmacological agents are mainly studied over short-term periods, resulting in unclear recommendations for long-term disease management.
306. Opioids for Chronic Noncancer Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Jason W Busse.;Li Wang.;Mostafa Kamaleldin.;Samantha Craigie.;John J Riva.;Luis Montoya.;Sohail M Mulla.;Luciane C Lopes.;Nicole Vogel.;Eric Chen.;Karin Kirmayr.;Kyle De Oliveira.;Lori Olivieri.;Alka Kaushal.;Luis E Chaparro.;Inna Oyberman.;Arnav Agarwal.;Rachel Couban.;Ludwig Tsoi.;Tommy Lam.;Per Olav Vandvik.;Sandy Hsu.;Malgorzata M Bala.;Stefan Schandelmaier.;Anne Scheidecker.;Shanil Ebrahim.;Vahid Ashoorion.;Yasir Rehman.;Patrick J Hong.;Stephanie Ross.;Bradley C Johnston.;Regina Kunz.;Xin Sun.;Norman Buckley.;Daniel I Sessler.;Gordon H Guyatt.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷23期2448-2460页
Harms and benefits of opioids for chronic noncancer pain remain unclear.
307. Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Child Maltreatment: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Jenifer Goldman Fraser.;Huiling Pan.;Marcia Morgenlander.;Joni L McKeeman.;Valerie L Forman-Hoffman.;Laura C Hart.;Adam J Zolotor.;Kathleen N Lohr.;Sheila Patel.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷20期2129-2140页
Child maltreatment, also referred to as child abuse and neglect, can result in lifelong negative consequences.
308. Screening and Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Reduce Unhealthy Alcohol Use in Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Leslie A Perdue.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Megan Rushkin.;Carrie D Patnode.;Sarah I Bean.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷18期1910-1928页
Unhealthy alcohol use is common, increasing, and a leading cause of premature mortality.
309. Screening for Intimate Partner Violence, Elder Abuse, and Abuse of Vulnerable Adults: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Ina Wallace.;Nancy Berkman.;Christine E Kistler.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Collen Barclay.;Laura Higginbotham.;Joshua T Green.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷16期1688-1701页
Intimate partner violence (IPV), elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults are common and result in adverse health outcomes.
311. Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Erin S LeBlanc.;Carrie D Patnode.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Nadia Redmond.;Megan Rushkin.;Elizabeth A O'Connor.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷11期1172-1191页
Overweight and obesity have been associated with adverse health effects.
312. Prevalence of Burnout Among Physicians: A Systematic Review.
作者: Lisa S Rotenstein.;Matthew Torre.;Marco A Ramos.;Rachael C Rosales.;Constance Guille.;Srijan Sen.;Douglas A Mata.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷11期1131-1150页
Burnout is a self-reported job-related syndrome increasingly recognized as a critical factor affecting physicians and their patients. An accurate estimate of burnout prevalence among physicians would have important health policy implications, but the overall prevalence is unknown.
313. Venous Thromboembolism: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.
作者: Tobias Tritschler.;Noémie Kraaijpoel.;Grégoire Le Gal.;Philip S Wells.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷15期1583-1594页
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), comprising deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a common and potentially fatal disease.
314. Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Review.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) occurs in about 5 per 1000 people and can lead to severe joint damage and disability. Significant progress has been made over the past 2 decades regarding understanding of disease pathophysiology, optimal outcome measures, and effective treatment strategies, including the recognition of the importance of diagnosing and treating RA early.
315. Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Martin Feller.;Marieke Snel.;Elisavet Moutzouri.;Douglas C Bauer.;Maria de Montmollin.;Drahomir Aujesky.;Ian Ford.;Jacobijn Gussekloo.;Patricia M Kearney.;Simon Mooijaart.;Terry Quinn.;David Stott.;Rudi Westendorp.;Nicolas Rodondi.;Olaf M Dekkers.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷13期1349-1359页
The benefit of thyroid hormone therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism is uncertain. New evidence from recent large randomized clinical trials warrants an update of previous meta-analyses.
316. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
The incidence of syphilis and congenital syphilis in the United States has increased after reaching historic lows in the early 2000s.
318. Diagnosis and Pharmacotherapy of Alcohol Use Disorder: A Review.
Alcohol consumption is associated with 88 000 US deaths annually. Although routine screening for heavy alcohol use can identify patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and has been recommended, only 1 in 6 US adults report ever having been asked by a health professional about their drinking behavior. Alcohol use disorder, a problematic pattern of alcohol use accompanied by clinically significant impairment or distress, is present in up to 14% of US adults during a 1-year period, although only about 8% of affected individuals are treated in an alcohol treatment facility.
319. Will This Hospitalized Patient Develop Severe Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Evan Wood.;Loai Albarqouni.;Stacey Tkachuk.;Carolyn J Green.;Keith Ahamad.;Seonaid Nolan.;Mark McLean.;Jan Klimas.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷8期825-833页
Although severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome (SAWS) is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, most at-risk patients will not develop this syndrome. Predicting its occurrence is important because the mortality rate is high when untreated.
320. Screening for Cervical Cancer With High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Joy Melnikow.;Jillian T Henderson.;Brittany U Burda.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Shauna Durbin.;Meghan S Weyrich.
来源: JAMA. 2018年320卷7期687-705页
Cervical cancer can be prevented with detection and treatment of precancerous cell changes caused primarily by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (hrHPV), the causative agents in more than 90% of cervical cancers.
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