当前位置: 首页 >> 检索结果
301. Management of Crohn Disease: A Review.
Crohn disease, a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, is increasing in incidence and prevalence in many parts of the world. Uncontrolled inflammation leads to long-term complications, including fibrotic strictures, enteric fistulae, and intestinal neoplasia. Therefore, early and effective control of inflammation is of critical importance.
304. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Review.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and regurgitation or GERD-specific complications and affects approximately 20% of the adult population in high-income countries.
305. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Alex H Krist.;Karina W Davidson.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Douglas K Owens.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2415-2422页
An estimated 862 000 persons in the US are living with chronic infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Persons born in regions with a prevalence of HBV infection of 2% or greater, such as countries in Africa and Asia, the Pacific Islands, and parts of South America, often become infected at birth and account for up to 95% of newly reported chronic infections in the US. Other high-prevalence populations include persons who inject drugs; men who have sex with men; persons with HIV infection; and sex partners, needle-sharing contacts, and household contacts of persons with chronic HBV infection. Up to 60% of HBV-infected persons are unaware of their infection, and many remain asymptomatic until onset of cirrhosis or end-stage liver disease.
306. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Ian Blazina.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Holmes.;Shelley Selph.;Sara Grusing.;Janice Jou.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2423-2436页
A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with improved intermediate outcomes, although evidence on clinical outcomes was limited.
307. Managing Asthma in Adolescents and Adults: 2020 Asthma Guideline Update From the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program.
作者: Michelle M Cloutier.;Anne E Dixon.;Jerry A Krishnan.;Robert F Lemanske.;Wilson Pace.;Michael Schatz.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2301-2317页
Asthma is a major public health problem worldwide and is associated with excess morbidity, mortality, and economic costs associated with lost productivity. The National Asthma Education and Prevention Program has released the 2020 Asthma Guideline Update with updated evidence-based recommendations for treatment of patients with asthma.
308. Hearing Loss in Children: A Review.
Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children.
309. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Alex H Krist.;Karina W Davidson.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Seth Landefeld.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2069-2075页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in the US. Known modifiable risk factors for CVD include smoking, overweight and obesity, diabetes, elevated blood pressure or hypertension, dyslipidemia, lack of physical activity, and unhealthy diet. Adults who adhere to national guidelines for a healthy diet and physical activity have lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than those who do not. All persons, regardless of their CVD risk status, benefit from healthy eating behaviors and appropriate physical activity.
310. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Megan C Rushkin.;Nadia Redmond.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2076-2094页
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, and poor diet and lack of physical activity are major factors contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
311. Bladder Cancer: A Review.
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in women and is the fourth most common malignancy in men. Bladder cancer ranges from unaggressive and usually noninvasive tumors that recur and commit patients to long-term invasive surveillance, to aggressive and invasive tumors with high disease-specific mortality.
312. Screening for High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Alex H Krist.;Karina W Davidson.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Katrina Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;John W Epling.;Martha Kubik.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1878-1883页
Prevalence of hypertension (both primary and secondary) in children and adolescents in the US ranges from 3% to 4%. Primary hypertension in children and adolescents occurs primarily in children older than 13 years and has no known cause but is associated with several risk factors, including family history and higher body mass index. Secondary hypertension occurs primarily in younger children and is most commonly caused by genetic disorders, renal disease, endocrine disorders, or cardiovascular abnormalities.
313. Screening for Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gerald Gartlehner.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Colin Orr.;Sara M Kennedy.;Rachel Clark.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1884-1895页
Childhood hypertension can result in adverse outcomes during adulthood; identifying and treating primary and secondary childhood hypertension may reduce such risks.
314. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thromboembolism: A Review.
Incidence rates for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) range from 88 to 112 per 100 000 person-years and increase with age. Rates of recurrent VTE range from 20% to 36% during the 10 years after an initial event.
315. Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline.
作者: Amy Y Tsou.;Peter Bulova.;George Capone.;Brian Chicoine.;Bryn Gelaro.;Terry Odell Harville.;Barry A Martin.;Dennis E McGuire.;Kent D McKelvey.;Moya Peterson.;Carl Tyler.;Michael Wells.;Michelle Sie Whitten.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷15期1543-1556页
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition, and average life expectancy has increased substantially, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020. Despite the unique clinical comorbidities among adults with Down syndrome, there are no clinical guidelines for the care of these patients.
316. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults: 2020 Recommendations of the International Antiviral Society-USA Panel.
作者: Michael S Saag.;Rajesh T Gandhi.;Jennifer F Hoy.;Raphael J Landovitz.;Melanie A Thompson.;Paul E Sax.;Davey M Smith.;Constance A Benson.;Susan P Buchbinder.;Carlos Del Rio.;Joseph J Eron.;Gerd Fätkenheuer.;Huldrych F Günthard.;Jean-Michel Molina.;Donna M Jacobsen.;Paul A Volberding.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷16期1651-1669页
Data on the use of antiretroviral drugs, including new drugs and formulations, for the treatment and prevention of HIV infection continue to guide optimal practices.
317. Association of Receipt of Palliative Care Interventions With Health Care Use, Quality of Life, and Symptom Burden Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Kieran L Quinn.;Mohammed Shurrab.;Kevin Gitau.;Dio Kavalieratos.;Sarina R Isenberg.;Nathan M Stall.;Therese A Stukel.;Russell Goldman.;Daphne Horn.;Peter Cram.;Allan S Detsky.;Chaim M Bell.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷14期1439-1450页
The evidence for palliative care exists predominantly for patients with cancer. The effect of palliative care on important end-of-life outcomes in patients with noncancer illness is unclear.
320. Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis.
作者: .;Jonathan A C Sterne.;Srinivas Murthy.;Janet V Diaz.;Arthur S Slutsky.;Jesús Villar.;Derek C Angus.;Djillali Annane.;Luciano Cesar Pontes Azevedo.;Otavio Berwanger.;Alexandre B Cavalcanti.;Pierre-Francois Dequin.;Bin Du.;Jonathan Emberson.;David Fisher.;Bruno Giraudeau.;Anthony C Gordon.;Anders Granholm.;Cameron Green.;Richard Haynes.;Nicholas Heming.;Julian P T Higgins.;Peter Horby.;Peter Jüni.;Martin J Landray.;Amelie Le Gouge.;Marie Leclerc.;Wei Shen Lim.;Flávia R Machado.;Colin McArthur.;Ferhat Meziani.;Morten Hylander Møller.;Anders Perner.;Marie Warrer Petersen.;Jelena Savovic.;Bruno Tomazini.;Viviane C Veiga.;Steve Webb.;John C Marshall.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷13期1330-1341页
Effective therapies for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are needed, and clinical trial data have demonstrated that low-dose dexamethasone reduced mortality in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who required respiratory support.
|