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301. Effect of High-Intensity Interval Training, Moderate Continuous Training, or Guideline-Based Physical Activity Advice on Peak Oxygen Consumption in Patients With Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephan Mueller.;Ephraim B Winzer.;André Duvinage.;Andreas B Gevaert.;Frank Edelmann.;Bernhard Haller.;Elisabeth Pieske-Kraigher.;Paul Beckers.;Anna Bobenko.;Jennifer Hommel.;Caroline M Van de Heyning.;Katrin Esefeld.;Pia von Korn.;Jeffrey W Christle.;Mark J Haykowsky.;Axel Linke.;Ulrik Wisløff.;Volker Adams.;Burkert Pieske.;Emeline M van Craenenbroeck.;Martin Halle.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷6期542-551页
Endurance exercise is effective in improving peak oxygen consumption (peak V̇o2) in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). However, it remains unknown whether differing modes of exercise have different effects.
302. Effect of Behavioral Therapy With In-Clinic or Telephone Group Visits vs In-Clinic Individual Visits on Weight Loss Among Patients With Obesity in Rural Clinical Practice: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christie A Befort.;Jeffrey J VanWormer.;Cyrus Desouza.;Edward F Ellerbeck.;Byron Gajewski.;Kim S Kimminau.;K Allen Greiner.;Michael G Perri.;Alexandra R Brown.;Ram D Pathak.;Terry T-K Huang.;Leslie Eiland.;Andjela Drincic.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷4期363-372页
Rural populations have a higher prevalence of obesity and poor access to weight loss programs. Effective models for treating obesity in rural clinical practice are needed.
303. Effect of Bamlanivimab as Monotherapy or in Combination With Etesevimab on Viral Load in Patients With Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Robert L Gottlieb.;Ajay Nirula.;Peter Chen.;Joseph Boscia.;Barry Heller.;Jason Morris.;Gregory Huhn.;Jose Cardona.;Bharat Mocherla.;Valentina Stosor.;Imad Shawa.;Princy Kumar.;Andrew C Adams.;Jacob Van Naarden.;Kenneth L Custer.;Michael Durante.;Gerard Oakley.;Andrew E Schade.;Timothy R Holzer.;Philip J Ebert.;Richard E Higgs.;Nicole L Kallewaard.;Janelle Sabo.;Dipak R Patel.;Paul Klekotka.;Lei Shen.;Daniel M Skovronsky.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷7期632-644页
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread rapidly worldwide. Neutralizing antibodies are a potential treatment for COVID-19.
304. Effect of Discontinuing vs Continuing Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers on Days Alive and Out of the Hospital in Patients Admitted With COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Renato D Lopes.;Ariane V S Macedo.;Pedro G M de Barros E Silva.;Renata J Moll-Bernardes.;Tiago M Dos Santos.;Lilian Mazza.;André Feldman.;Guilherme D'Andréa Saba Arruda.;Denílson C de Albuquerque.;Angelina S Camiletti.;Andréa S de Sousa.;Thiago C de Paula.;Karla G D Giusti.;Rafael A M Domiciano.;Márcia M Noya-Rabelo.;Alan M Hamilton.;Vitor A Loures.;Rodrigo M Dionísio.;Thyago A B Furquim.;Fábio A De Luca.;Ítalo B Dos Santos Sousa.;Bruno S Bandeira.;Cleverson N Zukowski.;Ricardo G G de Oliveira.;Noara B Ribeiro.;Jeffer L de Moraes.;João L F Petriz.;Adriana M Pimentel.;Jacqueline S Miranda.;Bárbara E de Jesus Abufaiad.;C Michael Gibson.;Christopher B Granger.;John H Alexander.;Olga F de Souza.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷3期254-264页
It is unknown whether angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a positive, neutral, or negative effect on clinical outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
305. Effect of Endovascular Treatment Alone vs Intravenous Alteplase Plus Endovascular Treatment on Functional Independence in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The DEVT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Wenjie Zi.;Zhongming Qiu.;Fengli Li.;Hongfei Sang.;Deping Wu.;Weidong Luo.;Shuai Liu.;Junjie Yuan.;Jiaxing Song.;Zhonghua Shi.;Wenguo Huang.;Min Zhang.;Wenhua Liu.;Zhangbao Guo.;Tao Qiu.;Qiang Shi.;Peiyang Zhou.;Li Wang.;Xinmin Fu.;Shudong Liu.;Shiquan Yang.;Shuai Zhang.;Zhiming Zhou.;Xianjun Huang.;Yan Wang.;Jun Luo.;Yongjie Bai.;Min Zhang.;Youlin Wu.;Guoyong Zeng.;Yue Wan.;Changming Wen.;Hongbin Wen.;Wentong Ling.;Zhuo Chen.;Miao Peng.;Zhibing Ai.;Fuqiang Guo.;Huagang Li.;Jing Guo.;Haitao Guan.;Zhiyi Wang.;Yong Liu.;Jie Pu.;Zhen Wang.;Hansheng Liu.;Luming Chen.;Jiacheng Huang.;Guoqiang Yang.;Zili Gong.;Jie Shuai.;Raul G Nogueira.;Qingwu Yang.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷3期234-243页
For patients with large vessel occlusion strokes, it is unknown whether endovascular treatment alone compared with intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular treatment (standard treatment) can achieve similar functional outcomes.
306. Effect of Mechanical Thrombectomy Without vs With Intravenous Thrombolysis on Functional Outcome Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke: The SKIP Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kentaro Suzuki.;Yuji Matsumaru.;Masataka Takeuchi.;Masafumi Morimoto.;Ryuzaburo Kanazawa.;Yohei Takayama.;Yuki Kamiya.;Keigo Shigeta.;Seiji Okubo.;Mikito Hayakawa.;Norihiro Ishii.;Yorio Koguchi.;Tomoji Takigawa.;Masato Inoue.;Hiromichi Naito.;Takahiro Ota.;Teruyuki Hirano.;Noriyuki Kato.;Toshihiro Ueda.;Yasuyuki Iguchi.;Kazunori Akaji.;Wataro Tsuruta.;Kazunori Miki.;Shigeru Fujimoto.;Tetsuhiro Higashida.;Mitsuhiro Iwasaki.;Junya Aoki.;Yasuhiro Nishiyama.;Toshiaki Otsuka.;Kazumi Kimura.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷3期244-253页
Whether intravenous thrombolysis is needed in combination with mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute large vessel occlusion stroke is unclear.
307. Effect of Out-of-Hospital Sodium Nitrite on Survival to Hospital Admission After Cardiac Arrest: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Francis Kim.;Charles Maynard.;Cameron Dezfulian.;Michael Sayre.;Peter Kudenchuk.;Thomas Rea.;Deborah Sampson.;Michele Olsufka.;Susanne May.;Graham Nichol.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷2期138-145页
Therapeutic delivery of sodium nitrite during resuscitation improved survival in animal models of cardiac arrest, but efficacy has not been evaluated in clinical trials in humans.
308. Effect of Oral Moxifloxacin vs Intravenous Ertapenem Plus Oral Levofloxacin for Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis: The APPAC II Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Suvi Sippola.;Jussi Haijanen.;Juha Grönroos.;Tero Rautio.;Pia Nordström.;Tuomo Rantanen.;Tarja Pinta.;Imre Ilves.;Anne Mattila.;Jukka Rintala.;Eliisa Löyttyniemi.;Saija Hurme.;Ville Tammilehto.;Harri Marttila.;Sanna Meriläinen.;Johanna Laukkarinen.;Eeva-Liisa Sävelä.;Heini Savolainen.;Tomi Sippola.;Markku Aarnio.;Hannu Paajanen.;Paulina Salminen.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷4期353-362页
Antibiotics are an effective and safe alternative to appendectomy for managing uncomplicated acute appendicitis, but the optimal antibiotic regimen is not known.
309. Effect of Digoxin vs Bisoprolol for Heart Rate Control in Atrial Fibrillation on Patient-Reported Quality of Life: The RATE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dipak Kotecha.;Karina V Bunting.;Simrat K Gill.;Samir Mehta.;Mary Stanbury.;Jacqueline C Jones.;Sandra Haynes.;Melanie J Calvert.;Jonathan J Deeks.;Richard P Steeds.;Victoria Y Strauss.;Kazem Rahimi.;A John Camm.;Michael Griffith.;Gregory Y H Lip.;Jonathan N Townend.;Paulus Kirchhof.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷24期2497-2508页
There is little evidence to support selection of heart rate control therapy in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation, in particular those with coexisting heart failure.
310. Effect of Intravitreous Aflibercept vs Vitrectomy With Panretinal Photocoagulation on Visual Acuity in Patients With Vitreous Hemorrhage From Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Andrew N Antoszyk.;Adam R Glassman.;Wesley T Beaulieu.;Lee M Jampol.;Chirag D Jhaveri.;Omar S Punjabi.;Hani Salehi-Had.;John A Wells.;Maureen G Maguire.;Cynthia R Stockdale.;Daniel F Martin.;Jennifer K Sun.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2383-2395页
Vitreous hemorrhage from proliferative diabetic retinopathy can cause loss of vision. The best management approach is unknown.
311. Effect of Capecitabine Maintenance Therapy Using Lower Dosage and Higher Frequency vs Observation on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Who Had Received Standard Treatment: The SYSUCC-001 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Xi Wang.;Shu-Sen Wang.;Heng Huang.;Li Cai.;Li Zhao.;Rou-Jun Peng.;Ying Lin.;Jun Tang.;Jian Zeng.;Le-Hong Zhang.;Yong-Li Ke.;Xian-Ming Wang.;Xin-Mei Liu.;Qian-Jun Chen.;An-Qin Zhang.;Fei Xu.;Xi-Wen Bi.;Jia-Jia Huang.;Ji-Bin Li.;Dan-Mei Pang.;Cong Xue.;Yan-Xia Shi.;Zhen-Yu He.;Huan-Xin Lin.;Xin An.;Wen Xia.;Ye Cao.;Ying Guo.;Yan-Hong Su.;Xin Hua.;Xin-Yue Wang.;Ruo-Xi Hong.;Kui-Kui Jiang.;Chen-Ge Song.;Zhang-Zan Huang.;Wei Shi.;Yong-Yi Zhong.;Zhong-Yu Yuan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷1期50-58页
Among all subtypes of breast cancer, triple-negative breast cancer has a relatively high relapse rate and poor outcome after standard treatment. Effective strategies to reduce the risk of relapse and death are needed.
312. Effect of a Lower vs Higher Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Strategy on Ventilator-Free Days in ICU Patients Without ARDS: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Anna Geke Algera.;Luigi Pisani.;Ary Serpa Neto.;Sylvia S den Boer.;Frank F H Bosch.;Karina Bruin.;Pauline M Klooster.;Nardo J M Van der Meer.;Ralph O Nowitzky.;Ilse M Purmer.;Mathilde Slabbekoorn.;Peter E Spronk.;Jan van Vliet.;Jan J Weenink.;Marcelo Gama de Abreu.;Paolo Pelosi.;Marcus J Schultz.;Frederique Paulus.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷24期2509-2520页
It is uncertain whether invasive ventilation can use lower positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) in critically ill patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).
313. Effect of Co-trimoxazole (Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole) vs Placebo on Death, Lung Transplant, or Hospital Admission in Patients With Moderate and Severe Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The EME-TIPAC Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Andrew M Wilson.;Allan B Clark.;Tony Cahn.;Edwin R Chilvers.;William Fraser.;Matthew Hammond.;David M Livermore.;Toby M Maher.;Helen Parfrey.;Ann Marie Swart.;Susan Stirling.;David R Thickett.;Moira Whyte.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2282-2291页
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) has a poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Patients with IPF have altered lung microbiota, with bacterial burden within the lungs associated with mortality; previous studies have suggested benefit with co-trimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole).
314. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Age 5 Years After Prophylactic Early High-Dose Recombinant Human Erythropoietin for Neuroprotection in Very Preterm Infants.
作者: Giancarlo Natalucci.;Bea Latal.;Brigitte Koller.;Christoph Rüegger.;Beate Sick.;Leonhard Held.;Jean-Claude Fauchère.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2324-2327页
This study reports 5-year neurodevelopmental outcomes for Swiss children born before 32 weeks’ gestation and randomized at birth to receive early high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEpo) vs placebo.
315. Effect of High-Dose Trivalent vs Standard-Dose Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine on Mortality or Cardiopulmonary Hospitalization in Patients With High-risk Cardiovascular Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Orly Vardeny.;KyungMann Kim.;Jacob A Udell.;Jacob Joseph.;Akshay S Desai.;Michael E Farkouh.;Sheila M Hegde.;Adrian F Hernandez.;Allison McGeer.;H Keipp Talbot.;Inder Anand.;Deepak L Bhatt.;Christopher P Cannon.;David DeMets.;J Michael Gaziano.;Shaun G Goodman.;Kristin Nichol.;Matthew C Tattersall.;Jonathan L Temte.;Janet Wittes.;Clyde Yancy.;Brian Claggett.;Yi Chen.;Lu Mao.;Thomas C Havighurst.;Lawton S Cooper.;Scott D Solomon.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷1期39-49页
Influenza is temporally associated with cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality among those with cardiovascular disease who may mount a less vigorous immune response to vaccination. Higher influenza vaccine dose has been associated with reduced risk of influenza illness.
316. Effect of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol on Driving Performance: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Thomas R Arkell.;Frederick Vinckenbosch.;Richard C Kevin.;Eef L Theunissen.;Iain S McGregor.;Johannes G Ramaekers.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷21期2177-2186页
Cannabis use has been associated with increased crash risk, but the effect of cannabidiol (CBD) on driving is unclear.
317. Effect of Nebulized Magnesium vs Placebo Added to Albuterol on Hospitalization Among Children With Refractory Acute Asthma Treated in the Emergency Department: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Suzanne Schuh.;Judy Sweeney.;Maggie Rumantir.;Allan L Coates.;Andrew R Willan.;Derek Stephens.;Eshetu G Atenafu.;Yaron Finkelstein.;Graham Thompson.;Roger Zemek.;Amy C Plint.;Jocelyn Gravel.;Francine M Ducharme.;David W Johnson.;Karen Black.;Sarah Curtis.;Darcy Beer.;Terry P Klassen.;Darcy Nicksy.;Stephen B Freedman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2038-2047页
While intravenous magnesium decreases hospitalizations in refractory pediatric acute asthma, it is variably used because of invasiveness and safety concerns. The benefit of nebulized magnesium to prevent hospitalization is unknown.
318. Effect of an Emergency Department Care Bundle on 30-Day Hospital Discharge and Survival Among Elderly Patients With Acute Heart Failure: The ELISABETH Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Yonathan Freund.;Marine Cachanado.;Quentin Delannoy.;Said Laribi.;Youri Yordanov.;Judith Gorlicki.;Tahar Chouihed.;Anne-Laure Féral-Pierssens.;Jennifer Truchot.;Thibaut Desmettre.;Celine Occelli.;Xavier Bobbia.;Mehdi Khellaf.;Olivier Ganansia.;Jérôme Bokobza.;Frédéric Balen.;Sebastien Beaune.;Ben Bloom.;Tabassome Simon.;Alexandre Mebazaa.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷19期1948-1956页
Clinical guidelines for the early management of acute heart failure in the emergency department (ED) setting are based on only moderate levels of evidence, with subsequent low adherence to these guidelines.
319. Effect of High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids vs Corn Oil on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients at High Cardiovascular Risk: The STRENGTH Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen J Nicholls.;A Michael Lincoff.;Michelle Garcia.;Dianna Bash.;Christie M Ballantyne.;Philip J Barter.;Michael H Davidson.;John J P Kastelein.;Wolfgang Koenig.;Darren K McGuire.;Dariush Mozaffarian.;Paul M Ridker.;Kausik K Ray.;Brian G Katona.;Anders Himmelmann.;Larrye E Loss.;Martin Rensfeldt.;Torbjörn Lundström.;Rahul Agrawal.;Venu Menon.;Kathy Wolski.;Steven E Nissen.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2268-2280页
It remains uncertain whether the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduce cardiovascular risk.
320. Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Eric J Lenze.;Caline Mattar.;Charles F Zorumski.;Angela Stevens.;Julie Schweiger.;Ginger E Nicol.;J Philip Miller.;Lei Yang.;Michael Yingling.;Michael S Avidan.;Angela M Reiersen.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷22期2292-2300页
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to serious illness as a result of an excessive immune response. Fluvoxamine may prevent clinical deterioration by stimulating the σ-1 receptor, which regulates cytokine production.
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