B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-cell ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. Despite a high overall cure rate, relapsed B-cell ALL remains a leading cause of cancer-related death among children. The addition of the bispecific T-cell engager molecule blinatumomab (an anti-CD19 and anti-CD3 single-chain molecule) to therapy for newly diagnosed standard-risk (as defined by the National Cancer Institute) B-cell ALL in children may improve outcomes.

Nutritional stress is a mechanism that allows tumor cells to evade the immune system. Arginine (ARG), an amino acid involved in immunomodulation, aids in regulating T-lymphocyte cell activity and the antitumor response. ARG deficiency in the tumor microenvironment can impair T-cell response while ARG supplementation may promote antitumor immune activity. In this exploratory post hoc analysis of the randomized phase II CO.26 trial, we investigated the role of plasma ARG in predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in patients with microsatellite stable refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).

Mixed formulation of fosrolapitant and palonosetron (PALO), HR20013, is a novel fixed-dose intravenous antiemetic combination that could simultaneously antagonize neurokinin-1 and 5-hydroxytryptamine-3 receptors. This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HR20013 plus dexamethasone (DEX) versus fosaprepitant (FAPR) plus PALO + DEX for preventing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) in patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy (HEC).

Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 and 6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) in combination with endocrine therapy improve the outcomes of patients with hormone-receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer and can be used early as first-line treatment or deferred to second-line treatment1-7. Randomized data comparing the use of CDK4/6i in the first- and second-line setting are lacking. The phase 3 SONIA trial (NCT03425838) randomized 1,050 patients who had not received previous therapy for advanced breast cancer to receive CDK4/6i in the first- or second-line setting8. All of the patients received the same endocrine therapy, consisting of an aromatase inhibitor for first-line treatment and fulvestrant for second-line treatment. The primary end point was defined as the time from randomization to disease progression after second-line treatment (progression-free survival 2 (PFS2)). We observed no statistically significant benefit for the use of CDK4/6i as a first-line compared with second-line treatment (median, 31.0 versus 26.8 months, respectively; hazard ratio = 0.87; 95% confidence interval = 0.74-1.03; P = 0.10). The health-related quality of life was similar in both groups. First-line CDK4/6i use was associated with a longer CDK4/6i treatment duration compared with second-line use (median CDK4/6i treatment duration of 24.6 versus 8.1 months, respectively) and more grade ≥3 adverse events (2,763 versus 1,591, respectively). These data challenge the need for first-line use of a CDK4/6i in all patients.

Although concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) is presently the standard intervention for patients with inoperable, locally advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), it has been associated with poor long-term survival outcomes. Notably, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) improve the long-term survival of Esophageal Cancer (EC) patients, with manageable Adverse Effects (AEs). Herein, 90 patients with residual pathology after radical simultaneous Radiotherapy (RT) for inoperable/refused-to-operate ESCC were enrolled and randomized into two treatment groups (Chemotherapy+immunotherapy and chemotherapy alone) in a 2:1 ratio. This study will also discuss the value of immunotherapy in improving long-term survival outcomes in patients with pathological residuals after concurrent RT for locally advanced, inoperable ESCC.Clinical trial registration: http://www.chictr.org.cn/identifier is ChiCTR2200063345.

Comfort, anxiety, and pain significantly impact the quality of life and treatment adherence in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Virtual reality (VR) technology offers a novel non-pharmacological intervention to address these primary concerns. While vital signs provide objective physiological data, they are considered secondary outcomes that may reflect changes in patients' subjective experiences.

BackgroundDual-task function is compromised among individuals with prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD) and others at risk of developing AD. While exercise has been studied as a therapeutic candidate, the activity of social dance might promote dual-task rehabilitation as well or better than conventional exercise.ObjectiveCompare effects of social dance versus home exercise on dual-task function and intervention adherence among individuals with increased risk of developing AD: survivors of breast cancer (BC) with chemotherapy-induced neuropathy (CIN).MethodsFifty-two (n = 52) survivors of BC with CIN-related symptoms and functional deficits were randomized (1:1) to 8 weeks of biweekly physical activity that took the form of partnered AdapTango dance (20 min) or home exercise (45 min) (NCT05114005, registered 08/15/2021). Primary outcome: dual-task function (TUG-Cog counting backward by 3 s). Secondary outcome: adherence. Exploratory outcomes: participant rating of perceived exertion in physical versus cognitive domains and cognitive load during dual-task performance.ResultsBoth interventions improved Timed-Up-and-Go with cognitive task (TUGCog) after 4 weeks (p < 0.001); gains were maintained at 8 weeks of intervention (p < 0.001) and 1 month follow-up (p < 0.001). The dance intervention met adherence feasibility criteria for 8 weeks; exercise met criteria for 4 weeks. The ratio of cognitive to physical exertion was higher for dance (1 to 1) than exercise (0.8 to 1.0; p < 0.001). Dance, only, was associated with reduced cognitive load (p = 0.02).ConclusionsAmong survivors of BC with CIN, small doses of social dance improved dual-task function comparably to larger doses of home exercise, possibly due to differences in cognitive engagement.

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the common side effects of anticancer treatment. Pharmacological treatments may be insufficient in managing CINV. Management of symptoms caused by treatment regimens in the cancer care process is crucial for patients' quality of life and compliance with treatment. This randomized controlled trial was designed to determine the effect of mandala coloring on CINV and patients' comfort levels.

To investigate the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion combined with intrapleural perfusion of cisplatin in comparison with simple intrapleural perfusion of cisplatin on malignant pleural effusion (MPE).

Management of patients with locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) when cisplatin is contraindicated is controversial. We aimed to assess whether radiotherapy with concurrent and adjuvant durvalumab would improve outcomes compared with radiotherapy with cetuximab.

Approximately half of patients with localised, high-risk soft tissue sarcoma of the extremity develop metastases. We aimed to assess whether the addition of pembrolizumab to preoperative radiotherapy and surgery would improve disease-free survival.

Patients with Gorlin (basal cell naevus) syndrome (GS) have numerous phenotypic abnormalities due to overactivity of the hedgehog (HH) signalling pathway, most commonly caused by a heritable mutation in PTCH1, which encodes a major inhibitor of this pathway. Oral HH inhibitors (HHi) can reverse some of the manifestations, most prominent of which is the development of numerous cutaneous basal cell carcinomas (BCCs). In order to improve the benefit-risk ratio, we developed a gel containing a small cyclopamine-derived molecule that can be applied topically in expectation that this mode of delivery can reduce the burden of BCCs without producing the systemic adverse effects that cause patients to stop oral HHi treatment.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is the sixth most common cancer, with approximately 225,419 new cases with over 125,000 deaths annually in India. This trial compared the efficacy and safety of biosimilar cetuximab versus innovator cetuximab (IC) in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy in patients with recurrent locoregional or metastatic SCCHN.

In women with platinum sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC) undergoing maintenance treatment, adverse events (AEs) not attributable to the current treatment are not well understood. We used data from SOLO2/ENGOT-Ov21 to evaluate AEs reported in the placebo arm and to explore their longitudinal trajectories.

Evaluate the ocular pharmacodynamics (PD) of intravitreal faricimab, a bispecific inhibitor of angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) or diabetic macular edema (DME).

This was a prospective multicenter, randomized, double-masked, active-controlled study, the aim of which was to demonstrate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal ONS-5010 (bevacizumab-vikg) in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). This was a phase III trial on ONS-5010 (NORSE TWO).

Anxiety and fatigue are symptoms typically experienced by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. In dealing with these symptoms, listening to music may help patients.

This is a summary of a phase 2 clinical study called DeLLphi-301. The study looked at how effective and safe a medicine called tarlatamab was in participants with small cell lung cancer (SCLC). Participants previously received at least two other treatments for their SCLC. Tarlatamab is a new medicine that locates a protein called DLL3 on the cancer, which allows T cells to attack the cancer. T cells belong to the body's natural defense system known as the immune system. The DeLLphi-301 study separated participants into two groups to receive tarlatamab 10 mg or 100 mg to determine which dose best shrank SCLC with minimal side effects. All participants received a small first dose (1 mg tarlatamab) to decrease the risk of an immune system reaction called cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Tarlatamab was given through the participant's vein once every 2 weeks. This method of administration is known as intravenous (IV) infusion.

Patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with a high pretreatment plasma concentration of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA remain at high risk for recurrence after concurrent chemoradiotherapy. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant-adjuvant treatment with the PD-1 inhibitor toripalimab and concurrent chemoradiotherapy versus placebo and concurrent chemoradiotherapy in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a naturally occurring isothiocyanate associated with various health benefits, including reduced cancer risk, and has been extensively explored as a potential therapeutic. However, its inherent instability presents challenges in formulation, storage, and administration as a medicinal product. SFX-01 (Sulforadex®) is a patented synthetic form of d,l-SFN stabilized within a biologically inert alpha-cyclodextrin complex.