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301. Prevalence of serious mental disorder in 7000 refugees resettled in western countries: a systematic review.
About 13 million people are classified as refugees worldwide, and many more former refugees have been granted citizenship in their new countries. However, the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, major depression, or psychotic illnesses in these individuals is not known. We did a systematic review of surveys about these disorders in general refugee populations in western countries.
302. Early supported discharge services for stroke patients: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data.
作者: Peter Langhorne.;Gillian Taylor.;Gordon Murray.;Martin Dennis.;Craig Anderson.;Erik Bautz-Holter.;Paola Dey.;Bent Indredavik.;Nancy Mayo.;Michael Power.;Helen Rodgers.;Ole Morten Ronning.;Anthony Rudd.;Nijasri Suwanwela.;Lotta Widen-Holmqvist.;Charles Wolfe.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9458期501-6页
Stroke patients conventionally undergo a substantial part of their rehabilitation in hospital. Services have been developed that offer patients early discharge from hospital with rehabilitation at home (early supported discharge [ESD]). We have assessed the effects and costs of such services.
303. Ethnic variations in UK asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-service use: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Gopalakrishnan Netuveli.;Brian Hurwitz.;Mark Levy.;Monica Fletcher.;Greta Barnes.;Stephen R Durham.;Aziz Sheikh.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9456期312-7页
The frequency of asthma varies between countries, and may also vary between ethnic groups in more geographically confined areas. We sought evidence of such ethnic variations in the UK for asthma frequency, morbidity, and health-services use, and to understand possible reasons for any differences.
304. Homocysteine and stroke: evidence on a causal link from mendelian randomisation.
作者: Juan P Casas.;Leonelo E Bautista.;Liam Smeeth.;Pankaj Sharma.;Aroon D Hingorani.
来源: Lancet. 2005年365卷9455期224-32页
Individuals homozygous for the T allele of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations (the phenotype) than those with the CC genotype, which, if pathogenetic, should put them at increased risk of stroke. Since this polymorphism is distributed randomly during gamete formation, its association with stroke should not be biased or confounded. We investigated consistency between the expected odds ratio for stroke among TT homozygotes, extrapolated from genotype-phenotype and phenotype-disease studies, and the observed odds ratio from a meta-analysis of genotype-disease association studies.
305. Risk of cardiovascular events and rofecoxib: cumulative meta-analysis.
作者: Peter Jüni.;Linda Nartey.;Stephan Reichenbach.;Rebekka Sterchi.;Paul A Dieppe.;Matthias Egger.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9450期2021-9页
The cyclo-oxygenase 2 inhibitor rofecoxib was recently withdrawn because of cardiovascular adverse effects. An increased risk of myocardial infarction had been observed in 2000 in the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research study (VIGOR), but was attributed to cardioprotection of naproxen rather than a cardiotoxic effect of rofecoxib. We used standard and cumulative random-effects meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials and observational studies to establish whether robust evidence on the adverse effects of rofecoxib was available before September, 2004.
306. Atenolol in hypertension: is it a wise choice?
Atenolol is one of the most widely used beta blockers clinically, and has often been used as a reference drug in randomised controlled trials of hypertension. However, questions have been raised about atenolol as the best reference drug for comparisons with other antihypertensives. Thus, our aim was to systematically review the effect of atenolol on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in hypertensive patients.
307. Resuscitation of newborn infants with 100% oxygen or air: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Peter G Davis.;Anton Tan.;Colm P F O'Donnell.;Andreas Schulze.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9442期1329-33页
International consensus statements for resuscitation of newborn infants recommend provision of 100% oxygen with positive pressure if assisted ventilation is required. However, 100% oxygen exacerbates reperfusion injury in animals and reduces cerebral perfusion in newborn babies. We aimed to establish whether resuscitation with air decreased mortality or neurological disability in newborn infants compared with 100% oxygen.
308. Antioxidant supplements for prevention of gastrointestinal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Goran Bjelakovic.;Dimitrinka Nikolova.;Rosa G Simonetti.;Christian Gluud.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9441期1219-28页
Oxidative stress can cause cancer. Our aim was to establish whether antioxidant supplements reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal cancer and mortality.
309. Progression-free survival in gastrointestinal stromal tumours with high-dose imatinib: randomised trial.
作者: Jaap Verweij.;Paolo G Casali.;John Zalcberg.;Axel LeCesne.;Peter Reichardt.;Jean-Yves Blay.;Rolf Issels.;Allan van Oosterom.;Pancras C W Hogendoorn.;Martine Van Glabbeke.;Rossella Bertulli.;Ian Judson.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9440期1127-34页
Imatinib is approved worldwide for use in gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST). We aimed to assess dose dependency of response and progression-free survival with imatinib for metastatic GIST.
310. A hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials of drug-eluting stents.
作者: Mohan N Babapulle.;Lawrence Joseph.;Patrick Bélisle.;James M Brophy.;Mark J Eisenberg.
来源: Lancet. 2004年364卷9434期583-91页
Drug-eluting stents (DES) are associated with lower restenosis rates than bare-metal stents (BMS), but the benefits and safety of the new devices have not been systematically quantified across different trials. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomised trials comparing BMS and stents eluting sirolimus or paclitaxel.
311. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials of psychological interventions to improve glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Adherence difficulties and psychological problems are associated with poor glycaemic control in diabetes. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological therapies to assess their effectiveness in improving glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes.
312. Psychological and social sequelae of cannabis and other illicit drug use by young people: a systematic review of longitudinal, general population studies.
作者: John Macleod.;Rachel Oakes.;Alex Copello.;Ilana Crome.;Matthias Egger.;Mathew Hickman.;Thomas Oppenkowski.;Helen Stokes-Lampard.;George Davey Smith.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9421期1579-88页
Use of illicit drugs, particularly cannabis, by young people is widespread and is associated with several types of psychological and social harm. These relations might not be causal. Causal relations would suggest that recreational drug use is a substantial public health problem. Non-causal relations would suggest that harm-reduction policy based on prevention of drug use is unlikely to produce improvements in public health. Cross-sectional evidence cannot clarify questions of causality; longitudinal or interventional evidence is needed. Past reviews have generally been non-systematic, have often included cross-sectional data, and have underappreciated the extent of methodological problems associated with interpretation.
313. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein-3, and cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis.
作者: Andrew G Renehan.;Marcel Zwahlen.;Christoph Minder.;Sarah T O'Dwyer.;Stephen M Shalet.;Matthias Egger.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9418期1346-53页
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and its main binding protein, IGFBP-3, modulate cell growth and survival, and are thought to be important in tumour development. Circulating concentrations of IGF-I might be associated with an increased risk of cancer, whereas IGFBP-3 concentrations could be associated with a decreased cancer risk.
314. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in childhood depression: systematic review of published versus unpublished data.
作者: Craig J Whittington.;Tim Kendall.;Peter Fonagy.;David Cottrell.;Andrew Cotgrove.;Ellen Boddington.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9418期1341-5页
Questions concerning the safety of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) in the treatment of depression in children led us to compare and contrast published and unpublished data on the risks and benefits of these drugs.
315. Endarterectomy for symptomatic carotid stenosis in relation to clinical subgroups and timing of surgery.
作者: P M Rothwell.;M Eliasziw.;S A Gutnikov.;C P Warlow.;H J M Barnett.; .
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9413期915-24页
Carotid endarterectomy reduces the risk of stroke in patients with recently symptomatic stenosis. Benefit depends on the degree of stenosis, and we aimed to see whether it might also depend on other clinical and angiographic characteristics, and on the timing of surgery.
316. Four paraoxonase gene polymorphisms in 11212 cases of coronary heart disease and 12786 controls: meta-analysis of 43 studies.
作者: Jeremy G Wheeler.;Bernard D Keavney.;Hugh Watkins.;Rory Collins.;John Danesh.
来源: Lancet. 2004年363卷9410期689-95页
Although there have been suggestions that serum paraoxonase is important in protecting against coronary heart disease (CHD), a large number of studies of genetic determinants of serum paraoxonase have reported apparently conflicting results about their association with CHD.
317. Artesunate combinations for treatment of malaria: meta-analysis.
Addition of artemisinin derivatives to existing drug regimens for malaria could reduce treatment failure and transmission potential. We assessed the evidence for this hypothesis from randomised controlled trials.
318. Effects of subclinical infection on plasma retinol concentrations and assessment of prevalence of vitamin A deficiency: meta-analysis.
Vitamin A deficiency adversely affects child morbidity and survival. This deficiency is estimated by measurement of plasma retinol concentrations, but because plasma retinol is reduced by clinical and subclinical infection, this proxy measure can lead to overestimation. Infection and trauma are accompanied by rises in concentrations of acute-phase proteins in plasma. We aimed to estimate vitamin A deficiency more accurately by measuring changes in plasma retinol and acute-phase proteins associated with subclinical infection or convalescence.
319. Short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy: a meta-analysis.
Data on the short-term risk of disease progression in HIV-1-infected children are needed to address the question of when to begin combination antiretroviral therapy. We estimated 12-month risks of progression to AIDS and death, by age and most recent measurement of CD4 T-cell percentage (CD4%) or viral load, in children receiving no antiretroviral therapy or zidovudine monotherapy only.
320. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials.
The benefits of reducing blood pressure on the risks of major cardiovascular disease are well established, but uncertainty remains about the comparative effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens. We aimed to estimate effects of strategies based on different drug classes (angiotensin-converting-enzyme [ACE] inhibitors, calcium antagonists, angiotensin-receptor blockers [ARBs], and diuretics or beta blockers) or those targeting different blood pressure goals, on the risks of major cardiovascular events and death.
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