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301. Accuracy of positron emission tomography for diagnosis of pulmonary nodules and mass lesions: a meta-analysis.
Focal pulmonary lesions are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose analog 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) may be an accurate test for identifying malignant lesions.
302. Safety outcomes in meta-analyses of phase 2 vs phase 3 randomized trials: Intracranial hemorrhage in trials of bolus thrombolytic therapy.
Recent studies have reported disagreement between meta-analysis of small trials and subsequent large trials addressing the same question. However, disagreement for uncommon but serious adverse safety outcomes has not been examined.
303. Second-trimester ultrasound to detect fetuses with Down syndrome: a meta-analysis.
作者: R Smith-Bindman.;W Hosmer.;V A Feldstein.;J J Deeks.;J D Goldberg.
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷8期1044-55页
Second-trimester prenatal ultrasound is widely used in an attempt to detect Down syndrome in fetuses, but the accuracy of this method is unknown.
304. Interferon and ribavirin vs interferon alone in the re-treatment of chronic hepatitis C previously nonresponsive to interferon: A meta-analysis of randomized trials.
作者: K J Cummings.;S M Lee.;E S West.;J Cid-Ruzafa.;S G Fein.;Y Aoki.;M S Sulkowski.;S N Goodman.
来源: JAMA. 2001年285卷2期193-9页
Hepatitis C is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in the United States. Several trials have found that interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is more efficacious than interferon monotherapy for previously untreated patients and those who relapsed after prior interferon monotherapy, but its effectiveness for nonresponders to prior interferon monotherapy is unclear.
305. Chorioamnionitis as a risk factor for cerebral palsy: A meta-analysis.
Chorioamnionitis has been implicated in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy, but most studies have not reported a significant association. Cystic periventricular leukomalacia (cPVL) is believed to be a precursor of cerebral palsy in preterm infants.
306. Preoperative radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer: A meta-analysis.
The benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy for resectable rectal cancer has been extensively studied, but data on survival are still equivocal despite a reduction in the rate of local recurrence.
307. Ischemic stroke risk with oral contraceptives: A meta-analysis.
The relationship between ischemic stroke and oral contraceptive (OC) use has been studied for 40 years, but disagreement about an association persists.
308. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: A meta-analysis.
Early administration of thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) may improve survival if safely and appropriately delivered. No systematic reviews that have comprehensively examined this topic exist in the literature.
309. Glucosamine and chondroitin for treatment of osteoarthritis: a systematic quality assessment and meta-analysis.
Glucosamine and chondroitin preparations are widely touted in the lay press as remedies for osteoarthritis (OA), but uncertainty about their efficacy exists among the medical community.
310. Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift?
Controversy exists over the fact that physicians have regular contact with the pharmaceutical industry and its sales representatives, who spend a large sum of money each year promoting to them by way of gifts, free meals, travel subsidies, sponsored teachings, and symposia.
311. Effect of statins on risk of coronary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Lowering low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is known to reduce risk of recurrent coronary heart disease in middle-aged men. However, this effect has been uncertain in elderly people and women.
312. Oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis.
Despite years of use in coronary artery disease (CAD) and several studies of its effectiveness, the role of oral anticoagulants (OAs) remains controversial.
313. Adverse upper gastrointestinal effects of rofecoxib compared with NSAIDs.
作者: M J Langman.;D M Jensen.;D J Watson.;S E Harper.;P L Zhao.;H Quan.;J A Bolognese.;T J Simon.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷20期1929-33页
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxic effects, such as upper GI tract perforations, symptomatic gastroduodenal ulcers, and upper GI tract bleeding (PUBs), are thought to be attributable to cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) inhibition. Rofecoxib specifically inhibits COX-2 and has demonstrated a low potential for causing upper GI injury.
314. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have breast cancer? The screening clinical breast examination: should it be done? How?
The clinical breast examination (CBE) is widely recommended and practiced as a tool for breast cancer screening; however, its effectiveness is dependent on its precision and accuracy.
315. Impact of formal continuing medical education: do conferences, workshops, rounds, and other traditional continuing education activities change physician behavior or health care outcomes?
作者: D Davis.;M A O'Brien.;N Freemantle.;F M Wolf.;P Mazmanian.;A Taylor-Vaisey.
来源: JAMA. 1999年282卷9期867-74页
Although physicians report spending a considerable amount of time in continuing medical education (CME) activities, studies have shown a sizable difference between real and ideal performance, suggesting a lack of effect of formal CME.
316. The rational clinical examination. Does this adult patient have acute meningitis?
Early clinical recognition of meningitis is imperative to allow clinicians to efficiently complete further tests and initiate appropriate therapy.
317. Meta-analysis of trials comparing beta-blockers, calcium antagonists, and nitrates for stable angina.
作者: P A Heidenreich.;K M McDonald.;T Hastie.;B Fadel.;V Hagan.;B K Lee.;M A Hlatky.
来源: JAMA. 1999年281卷20期1927-36页
Which drug is most effective as a first-line treatment for stable angina is not known.
318. Preventing stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation, a common disorder that affects nearly one sixth of the population aged 75 years and older, is a major risk factor for stroke.
319. Pharmacological treatment of alcohol dependence: a review of the evidence.
Alcoholism affects approximately 10% of Americans at some time in their lives. Treatment consists of psychosocial interventions, pharmacological interventions, or both, but which drugs are most effective at enhancing abstinence and preventing relapse has not been systematically reviewed.
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