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3161. Long-term effects of budesonide or nedocromil in children with asthma.
作者: .;Stanley Szefler.;Scott Weiss.;James Tonascia.;N Franklin Adkinson.;Bruce Bender.;Reuben Cherniack.;Michele Donithan.;H William Kelly.;Joseph Reisman.;Gail G Shapiro.;Alice L Sternberg.;Robert Strunk.;Virginia Taggart.;Mark Van Natta.;Robert Wise.;Margaret Wu.;Robert Zeiger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷15期1054-63页
Antiinflammatory therapies, such as inhaled corticosteroids or nedocromil, are recommended for children with asthma, although there is limited information on their long-term use.
3162. A trial of shortened zidovudine regimens to prevent mother-to-child transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Perinatal HIV Prevention Trial (Thailand) Investigators.
作者: M Lallemant.;G Jourdain.;S Le Coeur.;S Kim.;S Koetsawang.;A M Comeau.;W Phoolcharoen.;M Essex.;K McIntosh.;V Vithayasai.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷14期982-91页
The optimal duration of zidovudine administration to prevent perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) should be determined to facilitate its use in areas where resources are limited.
3163. Irinotecan plus fluorouracil and leucovorin for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan Study Group.
作者: L B Saltz.;J V Cox.;C Blanke.;L S Rosen.;L Fehrenbacher.;M J Moore.;J A Maroun.;S P Ackland.;P K Locker.;N Pirotta.;G L Elfring.;L L Miller.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期905-14页
The combination of fluorouracil and leucovorin has until recently been standard therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. Irinotecan prolongs survival in patients with colorectal cancer that is refractory to treatment with fluorouracil and leucovorin. In a multicenter trial, we compared a combination of irinotecan, fluorouracil and leucovorin with bolus doses of fluorouracil and leucovorin as first-line therapy for metastatic colorectal cancer. A third group of patients received irinotecan alone.
3164. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. CHAMPS Study Group.
作者: L D Jacobs.;R W Beck.;J H Simon.;R P Kinkel.;C M Brownscheidle.;T J Murray.;N A Simonian.;P J Slasor.;A W Sandrock.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷13期898-904页
Treatment with interferon beta has been shown to help patients with established multiple sclerosis, but it is not known whether initiating treatment at the time of a first clinical demyelinating event is of value.
3165. Trial of a supplemental dose of four poliovirus vaccines.
作者: R W Sutter.;A J Suleiman.;P Malankar.;S Al-Khusaiby.;F Mehta.;G B Clements.;M A Pallansch.;S E Robertson.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷11期767-73页
The immunogenicity of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), particularly the type 3 component, is lower in infants in most developing countries than in infants in industrialized countries. We conducted a multicenter trial in Oman to evaluate the response to a supplemental dose of four poliovirus vaccine formulations.
3166. Alendronate for the treatment of osteoporosis in men.
作者: E Orwoll.;M Ettinger.;S Weiss.;P Miller.;D Kendler.;J Graham.;S Adami.;K Weber.;R Lorenc.;P Pietschmann.;K Vandormael.;A Lombardi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期604-10页
Despite its association with disability, death, and increased medical costs, osteoporosis in men has been relatively neglected as a subject of study. There have been no large, controlled trials of treatment in men.
3167. A comparison of inhaled fluticasone and oral prednisone for children with severe acute asthma.
作者: S Schuh.;J Reisman.;M Alshehri.;A Dupuis.;M Corey.;R Arseneault.;G Alothman.;O Tennis.;G Canny.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期689-94页
Inhaled corticosteroids are effective in the treatment of children with asthma. It is uncertain how inhaled corticosteroids compare with oral corticosteroids in the management of severe acute disease.
3168. Transdermal testosterone treatment in women with impaired sexual function after oophorectomy.
作者: J L Shifren.;G D Braunstein.;J A Simon.;P R Casson.;J E Buster.;G P Redmond.;R E Burki.;E S Ginsburg.;R C Rosen.;S R Leiblum.;K E Caramelli.;N A Mazer.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期682-8页
The ovaries provide approximately half the circulating testosterone in premenopausal women. After bilateral oophorectomy, many women report impaired sexual functioning despite estrogen replacement. We evaluated the effects of transdermal testosterone in women who had impaired sexual function after surgically induced menopause.
3169. A comparison of ibuprofen and indomethacin for closure of patent ductus arteriosus.
作者: B Van Overmeire.;K Smets.;D Lecoutere.;H Van de Broek.;J Weyler.;K Degroote.;J P Langhendries.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷10期674-81页
Indomethacin is the conventional treatment for hemodynamically important patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants. However, its use is associated with various side effects. In a prospective study, we compared ibuprofen and indomethacin with regard to efficacy and safety for the early treatment of patent ductus arteriosus in preterm infants.
3170. Intrathecal baclofen for the treatment of dystonia in patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
作者: B J van Hilten.;W J van de Beek.;J I Hoff.;J H Voormolen.;E M Delhaas.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期625-30页
Patients with reflex sympathetic dystrophy (also known as the complex regional pain syndrome) may have dystonia, which is often unresponsive to treatment. Some forms of dystonia respond to the intrathecal administration of baclofen, a specific gamma-aminobutyric acid-receptor (type B) agonist that inhibits sensory input to the neurons of the spinal cord. We evaluated this treatment in seven women who had reflex sympathetic dystrophy with multifocal or generalized tonic dystonia. First, we performed a double-blind, randomized, controlled crossover trial of bolus intrathecal injections of 25, 50, and 75 microg of baclofen and placebo. Changes in the severity of dystonia were assessed by the woman and by an investigator after each injection. In the second phase of the study, six of the women received a subcutaneous pump for continuous intrathecal administration of baclofen and were followed for 0.5 to 3 years.
3171. Spinal cord stimulation in patients with chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
作者: M A Kemler.;G A Barendse.;M van Kleef.;H C de Vet.;C P Rijks.;C A Furnée.;F A van den Wildenberg.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷9期618-24页
Chronic reflex sympathetic dystrophy (also called the complex regional pain syndrome) is a painful, disabling disorder for which there is no proven treatment. In observational studies, spinal cord stimulation has reduced the pain associated with the disorder.
3172. Effects of estrogen replacement on the progression of coronary-artery atherosclerosis.
作者: D M Herrington.;D M Reboussin.;K B Brosnihan.;P C Sharp.;S A Shumaker.;T E Snyder.;C D Furberg.;G J Kowalchuk.;T D Stuckey.;W J Rogers.;D H Givens.;D Waters.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷8期522-9页
Heart disease is a major cause of illness and death in women. To understand better the role of estrogen in the treatment and prevention of heart disease, more information is needed about its effects on coronary atherosclerosis and the extent to which concomitant progestin therapy may modify these effects.
3173. Racecadotril in the treatment of acute watery diarrhea in children.
作者: E Salazar-Lindo.;J Santisteban-Ponce.;E Chea-Woo.;M Gutierrez.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷7期463-7页
Racecadotril (acetorphan), an enkephalinase inhibitor with antisecretory and antidiarrheal actions, is an effective and safe treatment for acute diarrhea in adults and children. Whether treatment with racecadotril and oral rehydration therapy is more effective than treatment with oral rehydration alone in hospitalized children with acute watery diarrhea is not known.
3174. A comparison of suture repair with mesh repair for incisional hernia.
作者: R W Luijendijk.;W C Hop.;M P van den Tol.;D C de Lange.;M M Braaksma.;J N IJzermans.;R U Boelhouwer.;B C de Vries.;M K Salu.;J C Wereldsma.;C M Bruijninckx.;J Jeekel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷6期392-8页
Incisional hernia is an important complication of abdominal surgery. Procedures for the repair of these hernias with sutures and with mesh have been reported, but there is no consensus about which type of procedure is best.
3175. Coronary stenting plus platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa blockade compared with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction. Stent versus Thrombolysis for Occluded Coronary Arteries in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Study Investigators.
作者: A Schömig.;A Kastrati.;J Dirschinger.;J Mehilli.;U Schricke.;J Pache.;S Martinoff.;F J Neumann.;M Schwaiger.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷6期385-91页
Prevention of myocardial damage is the main goal of all reperfusion therapies in patients with acute myocardial infarction. The relative efficacy of various reperfusion strategies is under intensive investigation. We assessed whether coronary stenting combined with the blockade of platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors produces a greater degree of myocardial salvage than fibrinolysis with an accelerated infusion of alteplase, a tissue plasminogen activator, in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
3176. Pravastatin therapy and the risk of stroke.
作者: H D White.;R J Simes.;N E Anderson.;G J Hankey.;J D Watson.;D Hunt.;D M Colquhoun.;P Glasziou.;S MacMahon.;A C Kirby.;M J West.;A M Tonkin.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷5期317-26页
Several epidemiologic studies have concluded that there is no relation between total cholesterol levels and the risk of stroke. In some studies that classified strokes according to cause, there was an association between increasing cholesterol levels and the risk of ischemic stroke and a possible association between low cholesterol levels and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Recent reviews of trials of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors have suggested that these agents may reduce the risk of stroke.
3177. Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers.
作者: J Y Lau.;J J Sung.;K K Lee.;M Y Yung.;S K Wong.;J C Wu.;F K Chan.;E K Ng.;J H You.;C W Lee.;A C Chan.;S C Chung.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷5期310-6页
After endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers, bleeding recurs in 15 to 20 percent of patients.
3178. Intravenous nesiritide, a natriuretic peptide, in the treatment of decompensated congestive heart failure. Nesiritide Study Group.
作者: W S Colucci.;U Elkayam.;D P Horton.;W T Abraham.;R C Bourge.;A D Johnson.;L E Wagoner.;M M Givertz.;C S Liang.;M Neibaur.;W H Haught.;T H LeJemtel.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷4期246-53页
Intravenous infusion of nesiritide, a brain (B-type) natriuretic peptide, has beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with decompensated congestive heart failure. We investigated the clinical use of nesiritide in such patients.
3179. Effect of lung-volume-reduction surgery in patients with severe emphysema.
作者: D Geddes.;M Davies.;H Koyama.;D Hansell.;U Pastorino.;J Pepper.;P Agent.;P Cullinan.;S J MacNeill.;P Goldstraw.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷4期239-45页
Although many patients with severe emphysema have undergone lung-volume-reduction surgery, the benefits are uncertain. We conducted a randomized, controlled trial of the surgery in patients with emphysema. Patients with isolated bullae were excluded because such patients are known to improve after bullectomy.
3180. Prevention of radiographic-contrast-agent-induced reductions in renal function by acetylcysteine.
作者: M Tepel.;M van der Giet.;C Schwarzfeld.;U Laufer.;D Liermann.;W Zidek.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2000年343卷3期180-4页
Radiographic contrast agents can cause a reduction in renal function that may be due to reactive oxygen species. Whether the reduction can be prevented by the administration of antioxidants is unknown.
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