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3061. Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective major knee surgery.
Despite thromboprophylaxis, major knee surgery carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism. Fondaparinux, the first of a new class of synthetic antithrombotic agents, may reduce this risk.
3062. Fondaparinux compared with enoxaparin for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after hip-fracture surgery.
Surgery for hip fracture carries a high risk of venous thromboembolism, despite the use of current thromboprophylactic treatments. Fondaparinux, a synthetic pentasaccharide, is a new antithrombotic agent that may reduce this risk.
3063. Comparison of four chemotherapy regimens for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
作者: Joan H Schiller.;David Harrington.;Chandra P Belani.;Corey Langer.;Alan Sandler.;James Krook.;Junming Zhu.;David H Johnson.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷2期92-8页
We conducted a randomized study to determine whether any of three chemotherapy regimens was superior to cisplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer.
3064. Irinotecan plus cisplatin compared with etoposide plus cisplatin for extensive small-cell lung cancer.
作者: Kazumasa Noda.;Yutaka Nishiwaki.;Masaaki Kawahara.;Shunichi Negoro.;Takahiko Sugiura.;Akira Yokoyama.;Masahiro Fukuoka.;Kiyoshi Mori.;Koshiro Watanabe.;Tomohide Tamura.;Seiichiro Yamamoto.;Nagahiro Saijo.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷2期85-91页
Irinotecan hydrochloride, a topoisomerase I inhibitor, is effective against small-cell lung cancer. In a phase 2 study of irinotecan plus cisplatin in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer, there was a high response rate and a promising median survival time.
3065. Comparison of two diets for the prevention of recurrent stones in idiopathic hypercalciuria.
作者: Loris Borghi.;Tania Schianchi.;Tiziana Meschi.;Angela Guerra.;Franca Allegri.;Umberto Maggiore.;Almerico Novarini.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2002年346卷2期77-84页
A low-calcium diet is recommended to prevent recurrent stones in patients with idiopathic hypercalciuria, yet long-term data on the efficacy of a low-calcium diet are lacking. Recently, the efficacy of a low-calcium diet has been questioned, and greater emphasis has been placed on reducing the intake of animal protein and salt, but again, long-term data are unavailable.
3066. A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia.
Prevention of relapse is a major goal of maintenance treatment in patients with psychotic disorders. We performed a long-term comparison of a newer, atypical antipsychotic drug, risperidone, and an older, conventional neuroleptic drug, haloperidol, in terms of the rate of relapse in patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
3067. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure.
Actions of angiotensin II may contribute to the progression of heart failure despite treatment with currently recommended drugs. We therefore evaluated the long-term effects of the addition of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan to standard therapy for heart failure.
3068. Fluconazole prophylaxis against fungal colonization and infection in preterm infants.
作者: D Kaufman.;R Boyle.;K C Hazen.;J T Patrie.;M Robinson.;L G Donowitz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷23期1660-6页
Invasive fungal infection is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. We evaluated the efficacy of prophylactic fluconazole in preventing fungal colonization and invasive infection in extremely-low-birth-weight infants.
3069. Nephrectomy followed by interferon alfa-2b compared with interferon alfa-2b alone for metastatic renal-cell cancer.
作者: R C Flanigan.;S E Salmon.;B A Blumenstein.;S I Bearman.;V Roy.;P C McGrath.;J R Caton.;N Munshi.;E D Crawford.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷23期1655-9页
The value of nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell cancer has long been debated. Several nonrandomized studies suggest a higher rate of response to systemic therapy and longer survival in patients who have undergone nephrectomy.
3070. Decreased rate of coronary restenosis after lowering of plasma homocysteine levels.
作者: G Schnyder.;M Roffi.;R Pin.;Y Flammer.;H Lange.;F R Eberli.;B Meier.;Z G Turi.;O M Hess.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷22期1593-600页
We have previously demonstrated an association between elevated total plasma homocysteine levels and restenosis after percutaneous coronary angioplasty. We designed this study to evaluate the effect of lowering plasma homocysteine levels on restenosis after coronary angioplasty.
3071. Simvastatin and niacin, antioxidant vitamins, or the combination for the prevention of coronary disease.
作者: B G Brown.;X Q Zhao.;A Chait.;L D Fisher.;M C Cheung.;J S Morse.;A A Dowdy.;E K Marino.;E L Bolson.;P Alaupovic.;J Frohlich.;J J Albers.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷22期1583-92页
Both lipid-modifying therapy and antioxidant vitamins are thought to have benefit in patients with coronary disease. We studied simvastatin-niacin and antioxidant-vitamin therapy, alone and together, for cardiovascular protection in patients with coronary disease and low plasma levels of HDL.
3072. High-dose intravenous immune globulin for stiff-person syndrome.
Stiff-person syndrome is a disabling central nervous system disorder with no satisfactory treatment that is characterized by muscle rigidity, episodic muscle spasms, high titers of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and a frequent association with autoimmune disorders. Because stiff-person syndrome is most likely immune-mediated, we evaluated the efficacy of intravenous immune globulin.
3073. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors and the antiplatelet effects of aspirin.
作者: F Catella-Lawson.;M P Reilly.;S C Kapoor.;A J Cucchiara.;S DeMarco.;B Tournier.;S N Vyas.;G A FitzGerald.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷25期1809-17页
Patients with arthritis and vascular disease may receive both low-dose aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. We therefore investigated potential interactions between aspirin and commonly prescribed arthritis therapies
3074. Naltrexone in the treatment of alcohol dependence.
作者: J H Krystal.;J A Cramer.;W F Krol.;G F Kirk.;R A Rosenheck.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷24期1734-9页
Although naltrexone, an opiate-receptor antagonist, has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of alcohol dependence, its efficacy is uncertain.
3075. The effect of group psychosocial support on survival in metastatic breast cancer.
作者: P J Goodwin.;M Leszcz.;M Ennis.;J Koopmans.;L Vincent.;H Guther.;E Drysdale.;M Hundleby.;H M Chochinov.;M Navarro.;M Speca.;J Hunter.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷24期1719-26页
Supportive-expressive group therapy has been reported to prolong survival among women with metastatic breast cancer. However, in recent studies, various psychosocial interventions have not prolonged survival.
3076. A clinical trial of estrogen-replacement therapy after ischemic stroke.
作者: C M Viscoli.;L M Brass.;W N Kernan.;P M Sarrel.;S Suissa.;R I Horwitz.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷17期1243-9页
Observational studies have suggested that estrogen-replacement therapy may reduce a woman's risk of stroke and death.
3077. Reversal of catabolism by beta-blockade after severe burns.
The catecholamine-mediated hypermetabolic response to severe burns causes increased energy expenditure and muscle-protein catabolism. We hypothesized that blockade of beta-adrenergic stimulation with propranolol would decrease resting energy expenditure and muscle catabolism in patients with severe burns.
3078. Transient intestinal carriage after ingestion of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecium from chicken and pork.
作者: T L Sørensen.;M Blom.;D L Monnet.;N Frimodt-Møller.;R L Poulsen.;F Espersen.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷16期1161-6页
Antibiotic-resistant enterococci are often present in retail meats, but it is unclear whether the ingestion of these contaminants leads to sustained intestinal carriage.
3079. Prognosis after transient monocular blindness associated with carotid-artery stenosis.
作者: O Benavente.;M Eliasziw.;J Y Streifler.;A J Fox.;H J Barnett.;H Meldrum.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷15期1084-90页
Transient monocular blindness associated with internal-carotid-artery stenosis is a risk factor for stroke. The effect of carotid endarterectomy in patients who present with transient monocular blindness has not been determined.
3080. Patients at high risk of death after lung-volume-reduction surgery.
作者: .;Alfred Fishman.;Henry Fessler.;Fernando Martinez.;Robert J McKenna.;Keith Naunheim.;Steven Piantadosi.;Gail Weinmann.;Robert Wise.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2001年345卷15期1075-83页
Lung-volume-reduction surgery is a proposed treatment for emphysema, but optimal selection criteria have not been defined. The National Emphysema Treatment Trial is a randomized, multicenter clinical trial comparing lung-volume-reduction surgery with medical treatment.
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