To characterize adult Mycoplasma pneumoniae-induced bronchiolitis requiring hospitalization.

beta-blockade controls the ventricular response to exercise in chronic atrial fibrillation (AF), but the effects of beta-blockers on exercise capacity in AF have been debated.

POC testing provides an opportunity for clinicians and laboratorians to work together to consider how best to serve the patients within an individual institution. Each health system has unique characteristics relative to patient population, as well as a unique laboratory structure. If physicians, nurses, laboratorians, and pathologists work collaboratively, the best interests of patients will be served. In some institutions that cater to specific patient groups, POC testing may offer clear and distinct advantages. In other institutions with sophisticated transport systems and established rapid response capabilities, the quality resulting from central laboratory testing may outweigh any advantages of bedside testing. Clearly, attention to regulatory issues, QC issues, the importance of proper documentation, proficiency testing, performance enhancement, and cost-effectiveness is requisite. As the technology for diagnostic testing advances through more microcomputerization, microchemistry, and enhanced test menus, the concept of POC testing will need perpetual revisiting. We hope that the information provided here will aid clinicians, laboratorians, and administrators in their quest to best serve their patients.

To review the experience of an outpatient pulmonary clinic with Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) pulmonary disease in the HIV-negative population without preexisting lung disease.

The use of infrared thermometry to measure temperatures in hospitalized patients is increasing. Although infrared thermometers have been proven to be accurate when they are used by well-trained personnel, no previous studies have examined their accuracy during routine hospital use.

To examine and compare the efficacy and safety of salmeterol xinafoate, a long-acting inhaled beta2-adrenergic agonist, with inhaled ipratropium bromide and inhaled placebo in patients with COPD.

Infectious bronchitis virus, otherwise known as coronavirus, can cause mild upper respiratory tract illnesses in children and adults. Rarely has coronavirus been linked, either by serology or nasal wash, to pneumonia. We report a case of a young woman who, following treatment for stage IIIA breast cancer using a high-dose chemotherapy regimen followed by autologous bone marrow and stem cell transplantation, developed respiratory failure and was found to have coronavirus pneumonia as diagnosed by electron microscopy from BAL fluid. We propose that coronavirus should be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute respiratory failure in cancer patients who have undergone high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic support.

A 64-year-old man presented with an asymptomatic left lower lobe mass. At bronchoscopy there was a tumor in the superior segment. Biopsy revealed an acinic cell carcinoma. There was no evidence of salivary gland or other site of origin. Lobectomy and lymph node staging showed involvement of interlobar (N1) nodes, while higher stations were benign. The patient remains well 20 months postoperatively. This is the only instance of primary pulmonary acinic cell carcinoma with lymph node metastasis among 15 cases in the literature. We review the clinical features, histology, and treatment of the reported cases.

Despite numerous reports of short-term response to lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) for treatment of emphysema, to our knowledge, longer-term survival has not been reported. We describe survival following LVRS in a large cohort of 256 patients treated with bilateral staple LVRS (n = 236 video-assisted thoracic surgery [VATS] approaches, n = 20 median sternotomy) by a single group of physicians over a 3 1/2-year period from April 1994 to November 1997.

(1) To determine the relationship between IgE levels and the prevalence of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, (2) to establish the usefulness of assessing atopy as an identifying risk factor for ABPA, (3) to evaluate the clinical course of patients receiving and not receiving itraconazole as reflected in oral steroid dose requirements and number of acute episodes of ABPA, and (4) to determine the role of acute episodes of ABPA in pulmonary exacerbations of CF.

The diagnostic approach, clinical evolution, and treatment of a patient with primary pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis are reported. This patient presented a restrictive respiratory syndrome resistant to conventional glucocorticoid therapy. The diagnosis, based on clinical and histologic examinations, was confirmed by immunohistochemical localization of one of the desmins, the smooth muscle cell actin, and HMB45 antigen. The patient received treatment with an anti-estrogenic agent (tamoxifen citrate) and high doses of medroxyprogesterone acetate, an antigonadotropic progestin. Respiratory function improved rapidly with clinical relief.

The resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the early 1990s, including multidrug-resistant strains, led health officials to recommend the use of involuntary detention for persistently nonadherent patients. Using a series of recently published articles on the subject, this paper offers some opinions on how detention programs have balanced protection of the public's health with patients' civil liberties. Detained persons are more likely than other TB patients to come from socially disadvantaged groups. Health departments have generally used coercion appropriately, detaining patients as a last resort and providing them with due process. Yet health officials still retain great authority to bypass "least restrictive alternatives" in certain cases and to detain noninfectious patients for months or years. Misbehavior within institutions may inappropriately be used as a marker of future nonadherence with medications. As rates of TB and attention to the disease again decline, forcible confinement of sick patients should be reserved for those persons who truly threaten the public's health.

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common condition and is associated with excessive daytime sleepiness and neuropsychological dysfunction. There is limited evidence on the effect of OSA on the quality of life and its response to nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) treatment.

Gemcitabine is a nucleoside analog that is useful in the treatment of solid tumors. Its use has been postulated to produce lung injury by causing a capillary leak syndrome. We describe a gemcitabine-treated female patient who developed severe dyspnea, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates, and hypoxia, with evidence of interstitial disease on pulmonary function tests. Following the administration of oral corticosteroids, she had complete resolution of all signs and symptoms of gemcitabine toxicity. Physicians should be aware of this treatable complication of gemcitabine therapy.

To determine the efficacy of the lung as an alternative route of delivery for insulin in controlling glucose below diabetic levels (11.2 mmol/L) 2 h after the ingestion of a meal in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Ambient cold exposure may induce myocardial ischemia by precipitating coronary artery constriction and a decrease in coronary blood flow. Estrogen has vasoactive properties that may prevent abnormal coronary constriction in a sex-independent manner. The purpose of this study is to determine whether estrogen acutely abolishes abnormal coronary responses to cold exposure in men.

To determine the relative frequency of clubbing in small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) versus non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC).

To apply the principles of quality improvement to measure the frequency and severity of symptoms that result from fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), and to identify opportunities to improve FOB practice by identifying factors about patients and the process of care that predict these symptoms.

Currently the standard exercise test is shifting from being a tool for the cardiologist to utilization by the nonspecialist. This change could be facilitated by computerization similar to the interpretation programs available for the resting ECG. Therefore, we sought to determine if computerization of both exercise ECG measurements and prediction equations can substitute for visual analysis performed by cardiologists to predict which patients have severe angiographic coronary artery disease. We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients referred for evaluation of possible or known coronary artery disease who underwent both exercise testing with digital recording of their exercise ECGs and coronary angiography at two university-affiliated Veteran's Affairs medical centers and a Hungarian hospital. There were 2,385 consecutive male patients with complete data who had exercise tests between 1987 and 1997. Measurements included clinical and exercise test data, and visual interpretation of the ECG paper tracings and > 100 computed measurements from the digitized ECG recordings and compilation of angiographic data from clinical reports. The computer measurements had similar diagnostic power compared with visual interpretation. Computerized ECG measurements from maximal exercise or recovery were equivalent or superior to all other measurements. Prediction equations applied by computer were only able to correctly classify two or three more patients out of 100 tested than ECG measurements alone. beta-Blockers had no effect on test characteristics while ST depression on the resting ECG decreased specificity. By setting probability limits using the scores from the equations, the population was divided into high-, intermediate-, and low-probability groups. A strategy using further testing in the intermediate group resulted in 86% sensitivity and 85% specificity for identifying patients with severe coronary disease. We conclude that computerized exercise ST measurements are comparable to visual ST measurements by a cardiologist and computerized scores only minimally improved the discriminatory power of the test. However, using these scores in a stratification algorithm allows the nonspecialist physician to improve the discriminatory characteristics of the standard exercise test even when resting ST depression is present. Computerization permitted accurate identification of patients with severe coronary disease who require referral.