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281. Association of Thyroid Function Test Abnormalities and Thyroid Autoimmunity With Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: .;T I M Korevaar.;Arash Derakhshan.;Peter N Taylor.;Marcel Meima.;Liangmiao Chen.;Sofie Bliddal.;David M Carty.;Margreet Meems.;Bijay Vaidya.;Beverley Shields.;Farkhanda Ghafoor.;Polina V Popova.;Lorena Mosso.;Emily Oken.;Eila Suvanto.;Aya Hisada.;Jun Yoshinaga.;Suzanne J Brown.;Judit Bassols.;Juha Auvinen.;Wichor M Bramer.;Abel López-Bermejo.;Colin Dayan.;Laura Boucai.;Marina Vafeiadi.;Elena N Grineva.;Alexandra S Tkachuck.;Victor J M Pop.;T G Vrijkotte.;M Guxens.;L Chatzi.;J Sunyer.;A Jiménez-Zabala.;I Riaño.;M Murcia.;X Lu.;S Mukhtar.;C Delles.;U Feldt-Rasmussen.;S M Nelson.;E K Alexander.;L Chaker.;T Männistö.;J P Walsh.;E N Pearce.;E A P Steegers.;R P Peeters.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷7期632-641页
Maternal hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are risk factors for preterm birth. Milder thyroid function test abnormalities and thyroid autoimmunity are more prevalent, but it remains controversial if these are associated with preterm birth.
283. Extracorporeal Life Support for Adults With Respiratory Failure and Related Indications: A Review.
The substantial growth over the last decade in the use of extracorporeal life support for adults with acute respiratory failure reveals an enthusiasm for the technology not always consistent with the evidence. However, recent high-quality data, primarily in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome, have made extracorporeal life support more widely accepted in clinical practice.
284. Screening for Pancreatic Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Nora B Henrikson.;Erin J Aiello Bowles.;Paula R Blasi.;Caitlin C Morrison.;Matt Nguyen.;Venu G Pillarisetty.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2019年322卷5期445-454页
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death among men and women in the United States.
285. Screening for Hepatitis B Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic review to support the 2019 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on screening for hepatitis B infection in pregnant women summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of hepatitis B infection screening and case management in pregnant women.
286. Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Review.
Subclinical hypothyroidism, defined as an elevated serum thyrotropin (often referred to as thyroid-stimulating hormone, or TSH) level with normal levels of free thyroxine (FT4) affects up to 10% of the adult population.
287. Did This Patient Have Cardiac Syncope?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Omar T Albassam.;Robert J Redelmeier.;Steven Shadowitz.;Aatif M Husain.;David Simel.;Edward E Etchells.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷24期2448-2457页
Syncope can result from a reduction in cardiac output from serious cardiac conditions, such as arrhythmias or structural heart disease (cardiac syncope), or other causes, such as vasovagal syncope or orthostatic hypotension.
288. Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Christopher Evans.;Adam Hoverman.;Christina Sun.;Tracy Dana.;Christina Bougatsos.;Sara Grusing.;P Todd Korthuis.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷22期2214-2230页
Effective prevention strategies for HIV infection are an important public health priority. Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) involves use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) daily or before and after sex to decrease risk of acquiring HIV infection.
289. Screening for HIV Infection in Asymptomatic, Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
Untreated HIV infection can result in significant morbidity, mortality, and HIV transmission. A 2012 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiretroviral therapy (ART) associated with improved clinical outcomes and decreased transmission risk in persons with CD4 cell counts less than 500/mm3.
290. Screening for HIV Infection in Pregnant Women: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Shelley S Selph.;Christina Bougatsos.;Tracy Dana.;Sara Grusing.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷23期2349-2360页
Prenatal screening for HIV can inform use of interventions to reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) previously found strong evidence that prenatal HIV screening reduced risk of mother-to-child transmission. The previous evidence review was conducted in 2012.
292. Management of Preexisting Diabetes in Pregnancy: A Review.
The presence of preexisting type 1 or type 2 diabetes in pregnancy increases the risk of adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes, such as preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, preterm delivery, macrosomia, and congenital defects. Approximately 0.9% of the 4 million births in the United States annually are complicated by preexisting diabetes.
295. Metformin in 2019.
Metformin is the first-line pharmacologic treatment for type 2 diabetes and the most commonly prescribed drug for this condition worldwide, either alone or in combination with insulin or other glucose-lowering therapies. Metformin is a biguanide, a drug class of herbal origin that has been widely used to treat diabetes since the 1950s., Two other biguanides were withdrawn from clinical use because they caused lactic acidosis. Metformin was also taken off the US market due to concerns over lactic acidosis, but it subsequently has been proven safe and effective in lowering glucose levels and was reintroduced in 1995. Optimal metformin use requires clear understanding of its effects, dosing, safety, and alternatives.
296. Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Childhood and Pregnancy: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy G Cantor.;Rob Hendrickson.;Ian Blazina.;Jessica Griffin.;Sara Grusing.;Marian S McDonagh.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷15期1510-1526页
Elevated blood lead level is associated with serious, often irreversible, health consequences.
298. Cerebral Intraparenchymal Hemorrhage: A Review.
Although spontaneous intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) accounts for less than 20% of cases of stroke, it continues to be associated with the highest mortality of all forms of stroke and substantial morbidity rates.
300. In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Review.
作者: Lars W Andersen.;Mathias J Holmberg.;Katherine M Berg.;Michael W Donnino.;Asger Granfeldt.
来源: JAMA. 2019年321卷12期1200-1210页
In-hospital cardiac arrest is common and associated with a high mortality rate. Despite this, in-hospital cardiac arrest has received little attention compared with other high-risk cardiovascular conditions, such as stroke, myocardial infarction, and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
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