To identify the most effective postoperative intervention regimen for persons with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) at high risk of recurrence.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted 18 F-FDG PET/CT for predicting pathological complete response (pCR) to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in breast cancer. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted for studies, with a cutoff date of August 29, 2025, and updated on October 16, 2025. The QUADAS-2 technique and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework were employed to evaluate study quality. Diagnosis accuracy was aggregated utilizing a bivariate random-effects model. A total of 49 studies involving 3038 patients were included. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for AI was determined to be 0.159 (P = 0.662). The pooled sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR of AI-assisted 18 F-FDG PET/CT for predicting pCR to NAC in breast cancer were 0.82 (95% CI 0.76-0.87), 0.83 (95% CI 0.75-0.89), 5.03 (95% CI 3.79-6.69), 0.39 (95% CI 0.31-0.49), and 17.71 (95% CI 10.37-30.25), respectively. Furthermore, the AUC was determined to be 0.83 (95% CI: 0.80-0.86). The Fagan nomogram indicated a positive likelihood ratio of 52% and a negative likelihood ratio of 6%. This meta-analysis demonstrates that AI-assisted 18 F-FDG PET/CT shows good diagnostic accuracy for predicting pCR to NAC in breast cancer, achieving better sensitivity and specificity than MRI and ultrasound, and comparable accuracy to conventional PET/CT with improved specificity. These findings highlight its potential as a reliable tool to aid clinical decision-making, though moderate heterogeneity underscores the need for standardized methods and multicenter prospective validation.

Treatment of patients with thyroid cancer with Na[131I]I is routinely performed with empirical activity levels. Treatment success may be expected to correlate with the absorbed doses delivered to targets (thyroid remnants or metastatic lesions), but no systematic review or meta-analysis of absorbed dose-effect relationships has yet been performed.

Despite advances in systemic therapies, the prognosis for non-resectable colorectal liver metastases (nCRLMs) remains poor, with a 5-year survival rate of only 10%. Liver transplantation (LT) has emerged as a potential curative option for select patients. This study evaluated survival outcomes, recurrence rates, prognostic factors, and quality of life (QoL) following LT for nCRLM.

A growing number of risk prediction models for cervical lymph node metastasis (CLNM) in papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) have been developed, but their performance and methodological rigor remain unclear. This study systematically reviews these models to evaluate their predictive performance and critically appraise their risk of bias.

Although durvalumab or pembrolizumab combined with gemcitabine plus cisplatin (GC) remains the standard first-line therapy, novel targeted agents and immunotherapies integrated with chemotherapy have demonstrated promising efficacy. However, the crosswise comparison between each regimen is rare. Therefore, we comparative the efficacy and safety of targeted therapeutics or immunotherapy agents combined with chemotherapy as first-line treatment for advanced biliary tract cancer.

Immunosenescence, the gradual deterioration of the immune system with age, reduces the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in cancer management. Although ICI offer promising survival benefits for advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC), their effectiveness across different age groups remains poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate age-related survival outcomes in aRCC patients receiving ICI using integrated cohorts. Using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program (2004-2021), we identified patients with aRCC across the pre-ICI and ICI eras and stratified them into younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years) groups. Survival analyses, including Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression models, were performed to assess overall survival (OS). Key prognostic factors, such as tumor grade, surgical intervention, and metastatic status, were analyzed using nomograms and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for predictive accuracy. A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus also identified ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that met the meta-analysis criteria. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated to evaluate age-stratified survival outcomes. Finally, laboratory-based immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis of TNFSF15, an immune-related biomarker, was performed to explore molecular age-related differences in a hospital cohort. The SEER cohort included 21,904 patients (11,814 in the pre-ICI era and 10,090 in the ICI era). Age showed no significant impact on survival in the pre-ICI era (HR 1.050; 95% CI 0.97-1.32; p=0.203), while younger patients demonstrated superior outcomes in the ICI era (median OS, 16 vs. 13 months; HR, 1.37; 95% CI 1.24-1.51; p = 0.0001). Meta-analysis of 8,434 patients (4,207 ICI group, 4,227 control group) revealed significantly improved survival in younger patients receiving ICI (pooled OR 0.76; 95% CI 0.64-0.89; p<0.0001), whereas the non-ICI cohort showed no significant age-dependent effects (pooled OR 0.93; 95% CI 0.79-1.09; p = 0.37).When comparing ICI versus control treatments, younger patients derived greater benefit (HR 0.69 [0.62, 0.77]) than older patients (HR 0.84 [0.74, 0.96]) p<0.0001). TNFSF15 expression demonstrated a significant negative correlation with age (Spearman correlation = - 0.6, p = 0.0001), with significantly higher expression in patients aged <65 years to those ≥65 years (p=0.0001). This comprehensive analysis demonstrates the superior efficacy of ICI in younger aRCC patients across multiple cohorts, supporting the development of age-stratified therapeutic approaches. Age-dependent expression of TNFSF15 suggests potential molecular mechanisms underlying differential treatment responses.

This meta-analysis evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT)-based artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer patients.

The impact of BRAF p.V600E mutation on the pathogenesis of mixed odontogenic tumors remains uncertain. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of BRAF mutation in mixed odontogenic tumors and to evaluate the correlation between this mutation and the clinical characteristics of these lesions. The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42025636575). A comprehensive search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted. The study population included patients diagnosed with ameloblastic fibroma (AF), developing odontoma (DO), ameloblastic fibro-odontoma (AFO), ameloblastic fibro-dentinoma (AFD), odontoma (OD), odontogenic sarcoma (OS), or ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS), with BRAF mutation detection results. The AFO, AFD, and DO were categorized in 1 group for further analysis. The study quality was assessed using the modified scale of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality for observational studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was employed using Review Manager software. Statistical heterogeneity was assessed by forest plots, Tau-squared, Cochrane Chi-square, and I2 statistics. A total of 9 studies were included in the analysis. Overall, AFS demonstrated the highest BRAF mutation prevalence (71.4%), followed by AF (67.4%) and AFO/AFD/DO (55.6%), respectively. No OD cases exhibited this mutation. In addition, AF, AFO/AFD/DO, and AFS lesions exhibited significantly larger average sizes compared to OD. AFS demonstrated significantly higher recurrence rates than AFO/AFD/DO and OD. Additionally, a significant female predilection for BRAF-mutated AF was identified. BRAF mutation is associated with AF, AFO/AFD/DO, and AFS, but not OD. Its presence in a substantial portion of AFO/AFD/DO, together with their larger size compared to OD, could support a neoplastic nature in at least a subset of these lesions, though a hamartomatous DO may exist. Further investigation and clinical correlation remain essential to distinguish these entities.

The optimal surgical approach for unilateral papillary thyroid cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis remains a subject of ongoing debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to provide available evidence to facilitate clinical decision-making.

In an integrated analysis of phase I/II trials (STARTRK-2, STARTRK-1, ALKA-372-001), entrectinib induced responses in global populations with advanced ROS1-fusion positive (ROS1-fp) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study reports updated efficacy and safety data in Asian patients from the integrated analysis (cutoff: 16 July 2023).

PARP inhibitor (PARPi)-based therapy is a well-established treatment modality for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) harboring homologous recombination repair (HRR) deficiencies. However, its clinical efficacy in mCRPC without HRR alterations remains undefined.

Tebentafusp is the first systemic therapy to improve survival outcomes for patients with HLA-A*02:01-positive metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM). However, outside the pivotal study, limited data for tebentafusp are reported in literature.

Chemo-immunotherapy is the current standard of care for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC), but interpreting hazard ratios (HR) from Cox models can be challenging when immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) produce early crossing or delayed separation of Kaplan-Meier curves. Restricted mean survival time (RMST) and restricted mean time lost (RMTL) have emerged as alternative metrics that do not rely on the proportional hazards (PH) assumption. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using reconstructed individual patient data (IPD) from phase III trials comparing ICIs to standard chemotherapy in the first-line setting for ES-SCLC. Kaplan-Meier curves were digitized using the IPDfromKM R package version 4.3.2. to reconstruct pseudo-IPD, from which HRs, RMSTs, and RMTLs were derived. Seven trials comprising 1,766 patients were included. The pooled HR for progression-free survival (PFS) was 0.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.76] with an RMST gain of 1.84 months and RMTL reduction of 1.84 months. The pooled HR for overall survival (OS) was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.68-0.79) with an RMST gain of 1.98 months and RMTL reduction of 1.97 months. PH violations were more frequently observed in PFS than OS. Although HRs, RMSTs, and RMTLs were generally consistent, discrepancies in some trials underscore the value of RMST and RMTL as complementary, clinically intuitive measures. Incorporating RMST and RMTL into future ES-SCLC trials may improve the interpretability of treatment effects beyond conventional Cox model estimates.

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare robotic versus open simultaneous resections for colorectal cancer and colorectal liver metastases.

Cell-in-cell structures (CICs), a novel biomarker for complex cellular interactions, have garnered increasing attention for their potential in predicting cancer patient prognosis. However, the prognostic significance of CICs in tumor outcomes remains inconclusive. To address this, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the prognostic value of CICs in solid tumors, adhering to the Meta-analyses Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) guidelines.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)-based regimens are the first-line standard of care for most patients with advanced gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The efficacy of these treatments often depend on PD-L1 expression levels. Overall survival (OS) has traditionally been the primary endpoint for evaluating treatment efficacy. Through a meta-analysis, we investigated whether progression-free survival (PFS) is a valid surrogate for OS in the ICIs-era, overall and across different PD-L1 subgroups.

Lymph node dissection (LND) in clinically node-negative (cN0) intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) remains controversial. While LND improves staging accuracy, its survival benefit in cN0-iCCA is uncertain.

Although androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and novel hormonal therapy (NHT) have improved the prognosis of prostate cancer (PC), the effect of ADT/NHT on thyroid hormone (TH) levels is highly controversial. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies to investigate the effects of ADT/NHT on TH levels in PC patients.

PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy (PIC) has significantly reshaped treatment approaches in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, whether PIC provides superior long-term efficacy compared to standard chemotherapy in advanced non-squamous NSCLC (nsqNSCLC) still requires comprehensive analysis using recent data from phase 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs).