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281. Hyperfractionated or accelerated radiotherapy in head and neck cancer: a meta-analysis.
作者: Jean Bourhis.;Jens Overgaard.;Hélène Audry.;Kian K Ang.;Michele Saunders.;Jacques Bernier.;Jean-Claude Horiot.;Aurélie Le Maître.;Thomas F Pajak.;Michael G Poulsen.;Brian O'Sullivan.;Werner Dobrowsky.;Andrzej Hliniak.;Krzysztof Skladowski.;John H Hay.;Luiz H J Pinto.;Carlo Fallai.;Karen K Fu.;Richard Sylvester.;Jean-Pierre Pignon.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9538期843-54页
Several trials have studied the role of unconventional fractionated radiotherapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, but the effect of such treatment on survival is not clear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess whether this type of radiotherapy could improve survival.
282. Effect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis.
作者: Simon McRae.;Huyen Tran.;Sam Schulman.;Jeff Ginsberg.;Clive Kearon.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9533期371-8页
Individual risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism affects patient management and might differ between men and women. We did a meta-analysis to assess from available evidence whether men and women have the same risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after stopping anticoagulant treatment.
283. Non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography in the diagnosis of symptomatic carotid stenosis: a meta-analysis.
作者: J M Wardlaw.;F M Chappell.;J J K Best.;K Wartolowska.;E Berry.; .
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9521期1503-12页
Accurate carotid imaging is important for effective secondary stroke prevention. Non-invasive imaging, now widely available, is replacing intra-arterial angiography for carotid stenosis, but the accuracy remains uncertain despite an extensive literature. We systematically reviewed the accuracy of non-invasive imaging compared with intra-arterial angiography for diagnosing carotid stenosis in patients with carotid territory ischaemic symptoms.
284. Effect of BCG vaccination on childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis worldwide: a meta-analysis and assessment of cost-effectiveness.
BCG vaccine has shown consistently high efficacy against childhood tuberculous meningitis and miliary tuberculosis, but variable efficacy against adult pulmonary tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases. We assess and compare the costs and effects of BCG as an intervention against severe childhood tuberculosis in different regions of the world.
285. Effect of non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on mortality in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema: a meta-analysis.
作者: John Victor Peter.;John L Moran.;Jennie Phillips-Hughes.;Petra Graham.;Andrew D Bersten.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9517期1155-63页
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV), using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or bilevel ventilation, has been shown to reduce the need for invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema. We assessed additional benefits of NIPPV in a meta-analysis.
286. Seven haemostatic gene polymorphisms in coronary disease: meta-analysis of 66,155 cases and 91,307 controls.
作者: Zheng Ye.;Eugene H C Liu.;Julian P T Higgins.;Bernard D Keavney.;Gordon D O Lowe.;Rory Collins.;John Danesh.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9511期651-8页
Variants of certain haemostatic genes (such as that encoding factor V Leiden) are involved in the development of venous thrombosis, but studies of such variants in coronary disease have reported apparently conflicting results. We did meta-analyses on seven such haemostatic genetic variants for which the available evidence on each comprises at least 5000 coronary disease cases and at least 5000 controls.
287. Comparison of primary and facilitated percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: quantitative review of randomised trials.
Facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is defined as the use of pharmacological substances before a planned immediate intervention, to improve coronary patency. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (published and unpublished) to compare facilitated and primary percutaneous coronary intervention.
288. Obstetric outcomes after conservative treatment for intraepithelial or early invasive cervical lesions: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: M Kyrgiou.;G Koliopoulos.;P Martin-Hirsch.;M Arbyn.;W Prendiville.;E Paraskevaidis.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9509期489-98页
Conservative methods to treat cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and microinvasive cervical cancer are commonly used in young women because of the advent of effective screening programmes. In a meta-analysis, we investigated the effect of these procedures on subsequent fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
289. Self-monitoring of oral anticoagulation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: C Heneghan.;P Alonso-Coello.;J M Garcia-Alamino.;R Perera.;E Meats.;P Glasziou.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9508期404-11页
Near-patient testing has made self-monitoring of anticoagulation with warfarin feasible, and several trials have suggested that such monitoring might be equal to or better than standard monitoring. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis of all randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of self-monitoring or self-management (self-testing and self-dosage) of anticoagulation compared with standard monitoring.
290. Fruit and vegetable consumption and stroke: meta-analysis of cohort studies.
Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables has been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of stroke in most epidemiological studies, although the extent of the association is uncertain. We quantitatively assessed the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and incidence of stroke in a meta-analysis of cohort studies.
291. Antivirals for influenza in healthy adults: systematic review.
作者: T Jefferson.;V Demicheli.;D Rivetti.;M Jones.;C Di Pietrantonj.;A Rivetti.
来源: Lancet. 2006年367卷9507期303-13页
Use of antivirals is recommended for the control of seasonal and pandemic influenza. Our aim was to review the evidence of efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of registered antivirals against naturally occurring influenza in healthy adults.
292. Effect of inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin system and other antihypertensive drugs on renal outcomes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Juan P Casas.;Weiliang Chua.;Stavros Loukogeorgakis.;Patrick Vallance.;Liam Smeeth.;Aroon D Hingorani.;Raymond J MacAllister.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9502期2026-33页
A consensus has emerged that angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor blockers (ARBs) have specific renoprotective effects. Guidelines specify that these are the drugs of choice for the treatment of hypertension in patients with renal disease. We sought to determine to what extent this consensus is supported by the available evidence.
293. Use of total lymphocyte count for informing when to start antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children: a meta-analysis of longitudinal data.
Total lymphocyte count has been proposed as an alternative to the percentage of CD4+ T-cells to indicate when antiretroviral therapy should be started in children with HIV in resource-poor settings. We aimed to assess thresholds of total lymphocyte count at which antiretroviral therapy should be considered, and compared monitoring of total lymphocyte count with monitoring of CD4-cell percentage.
294. Should beta blockers remain first choice in the treatment of primary hypertension? A meta-analysis.
Beta blockers have been used widely in the treatment of hypertension and are recommended as first-line drugs in hypertension guidelines. However, a preliminary analysis has shown that atenolol is not very effective in hypertension. We aim to substantially enlarge the data on atenolol and analyse the effect of different beta blockers.
295. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins.
作者: C Baigent.;A Keech.;P M Kearney.;L Blackwell.;G Buck.;C Pollicino.;A Kirby.;T Sourjina.;R Peto.;R Collins.;R Simes.; .
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9493期1267-78页
Results of previous randomised trials have shown that interventions that lower LDL cholesterol concentrations can significantly reduce the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and other major vascular events in a wide range of individuals. But each separate trial has limited power to assess particular outcomes or particular categories of participant.
296. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people: a systematic review.
作者: T Jefferson.;D Rivetti.;A Rivetti.;M Rudin.;C Di Pietrantonj.;V Demicheli.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9492期1165-74页
Influenza vaccination of elderly individuals is recommended worldwide. Our aim was to review the evidence of efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in individuals aged 65 years or older.
297. Are the clinical effects of homoeopathy placebo effects? Comparative study of placebo-controlled trials of homoeopathy and allopathy.
作者: Aijing Shang.;Karin Huwiler-Müntener.;Linda Nartey.;Peter Jüni.;Stephan Dörig.;Jonathan A C Sterne.;Daniel Pewsner.;Matthias Egger.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9487期726-32页
Homoeopathy is widely used, but specific effects of homoeopathic remedies seem implausible. Bias in the conduct and reporting of trials is a possible explanation for positive findings of trials of both homoeopathy and conventional medicine. We analysed trials of homoeopathy and conventional medicine and estimated treatment effects in trials least likely to be affected by bias.
298. NAT2 slow acetylation, GSTM1 null genotype, and risk of bladder cancer: results from the Spanish Bladder Cancer Study and meta-analyses.
作者: Montserrat García-Closas.;Núria Malats.;Debra Silverman.;Mustafa Dosemeci.;Manolis Kogevinas.;David W Hein.;Adonina Tardón.;Consol Serra.;Alfredo Carrato.;Reina García-Closas.;Josep Lloreta.;Gemma Castaño-Vinyals.;Meredith Yeager.;Robert Welch.;Stephen Chanock.;Nilanjan Chatterjee.;Sholom Wacholder.;Claudine Samanic.;Montserrat Torà.;Francisco Fernández.;Francisco X Real.;Nathaniel Rothman.
来源: Lancet. 2005年366卷9486期649-59页
Many reported associations between common genetic polymorphisms and complex diseases have not been confirmed in subsequent studies. An exception could be the association between NAT2 slow acetylation, GSTM1 null genotype, and bladder-cancer risk. However, current evidence is based on meta-analyses of relatively small studies (range 23-374 cases) with some evidence of publication bias and study heterogeneity. Associations between polymorphisms in other NAT and GST genes and bladder-cancer risk have been inconsistent.
299. Effects of chemotherapy and hormonal therapy for early breast cancer on recurrence and 15-year survival: an overview of the randomised trials.
Quinquennial overviews (1985-2000) of the randomised trials in early breast cancer have assessed the 5 year and 10-year effects of various systemic adjuvant therapies on breast cancer recurrence and survival. Here, we report the 10-year and 15-year effects.
300. Reassessment of the cost of chronic helmintic infection: a meta-analysis of disability-related outcomes in endemic schistosomiasis.
Schistosomiasis is one of the world's most prevalent infections, yet its effect on the global burden of disease is controversial. Published disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) estimates suggest that the average effect of schistosome infection is quite small, although this is disputed. To develop an evidenced-based reassessment of schistosomiasis-related disability, we did a systematic review of data on disability-associated outcomes for all forms of schistosomiasis.
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