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281. Association of Initial Treatment With Antibiotics vs Surgery With Treatment Success and Disability in Subgroups of Children With Uncomplicated Appendicitis.
作者: Peter C Minneci.;Erinn M Hade.;Gregory A Metzger.;Jacqueline M Saito.;Grace Z Mak.;Katherine J Deans.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷24期2502-2504页
This study investigates differences in 1-year outcomes by clinical and socioeconomic factors among US children with uncomplicated appendicitis who were treated with antibiotics vs surgery.
282. Effects of Intravenous Eptinezumab vs Placebo on Headache Pain and Most Bothersome Symptom When Initiated During a Migraine Attack: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul K Winner.;Peter McAllister.;George Chakhava.;Jessica Ailani.;Anders Ettrup.;Mette Krog Josiassen.;Annika Lindsten.;Lahar Mehta.;Roger Cady.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷23期2348-2356页
Intravenous eptinezumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibody, is approved for migraine prevention in adults. It has established onset of preventive efficacy on day 1 after infusion.
283. Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Myron S Cohen.;Ajay Nirula.;Mark J Mulligan.;Richard M Novak.;Mary Marovich.;Catherine Yen.;Alexander Stemer.;Stockton M Mayer.;David Wohl.;Blair Brengle.;Brian T Montague.;Ian Frank.;Russell J McCulloh.;Carl J Fichtenbaum.;Brad Lipson.;Nashwa Gabra.;Julio A Ramirez.;Christine Thai.;Wairimu Chege.;Margarita M Gomez Lorenzo.;Nirupama Sista.;Jennifer Farrior.;Meredith E Clement.;Elizabeth R Brown.;Kenneth L Custer.;Jacob Van Naarden.;Andrew C Adams.;Andrew E Schade.;Matan C Dabora.;Jack Knorr.;Karen L Price.;Janelle Sabo.;Jay L Tuttle.;Paul Klekotka.;Lei Shen.;Daniel M Skovronsky.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷1期46-55页
Preventive interventions are needed to protect residents and staff of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities from COVID-19 during outbreaks in their facilities. Bamlanivimab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2, may confer rapid protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
284. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Thomas Martens.;Roy W Beck.;Ryan Bailey.;Katrina J Ruedy.;Peter Calhoun.;Anne L Peters.;Rodica Pop-Busui.;Athena Philis-Tsimikas.;Shichun Bao.;Guillermo Umpierrez.;Georgia Davis.;Davida Kruger.;Anuj Bhargava.;Laura Young.;Janet B McGill.;Grazia Aleppo.;Quang T Nguyen.;Ian Orozco.;William Biggs.;K Jean Lucas.;William H Polonsky.;John B Buse.;David Price.;Richard M Bergenstal.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷22期2262-2272页
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy, but its use in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin has not been well studied.
285. Effect of Implantable vs Prolonged External Electrocardiographic Monitoring on Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: The PER DIEM Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Brian H Buck.;Michael D Hill.;F Russell Quinn.;Ken S Butcher.;Bijoy K Menon.;Sajad Gulamhusein.;Muzaffar Siddiqui.;Shelagh B Coutts.;Thomas Jeerakathil.;Eric E Smith.;Khurshid Khan.;Phillip A Barber.;Glen Jickling.;Lucy Reyes.;Supriya Save.;Paige Fairall.;Lori Piquette.;Noreen Kamal.;Derek S Chew.;Andrew M Demchuk.;Ashfaq Shuaib.;Derek V Exner.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2160-2168页
The relative rates of detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter from evaluating patients with prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring with an external loop recorder or implantable loop recorder after an ischemic stroke are unknown.
286. Effect of Long-term Continuous Cardiac Monitoring vs Usual Care on Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Stroke Attributed to Large- or Small-Vessel Disease: The STROKE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Richard A Bernstein.;Hooman Kamel.;Christopher B Granger.;Jonathan P Piccini.;Pramod P Sethi.;Jeffrey M Katz.;Carola Alfaro Vives.;Paul D Ziegler.;Noreli C Franco.;Lee H Schwamm.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2169-2177页
Patients with ischemic stroke attributed to large- or small-vessel disease are not considered at high risk for atrial fibrillation (AF), and the AF incidence rate in this population is unknown.
287. Effect of Reduced-Dose vs High-Dose Glucocorticoids Added to Rituximab on Remission Induction in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shunsuke Furuta.;Daiki Nakagomi.;Yoshihisa Kobayashi.;Masaki Hiraguri.;Takao Sugiyama.;Koichi Amano.;Takeshi Umibe.;Hajime Kono.;Kazuhiro Kurasawa.;Yasuhiko Kita.;Ryutaro Matsumura.;Yuko Kaneko.;Keita Ninagawa.;Keiju Hiromura.;Shin-Ichiro Kagami.;Yosuke Inaba.;Hideki Hanaoka.;Kei Ikeda.;Hiroshi Nakajima.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2178-2187页
The current standard induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is the combination of high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide or rituximab. Although these regimens have high remission rates, they are associated with considerable adverse events presumably due to high-dose glucocorticoids.
288. Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Nawal Al Kaabi.;Yuntao Zhang.;Shengli Xia.;Yunkai Yang.;Manaf M Al Qahtani.;Najiba Abdulrazzaq.;Majed Al Nusair.;Mohamed Hassany.;Jaleela S Jawad.;Jehad Abdalla.;Salah Eldin Hussein.;Shamma K Al Mazrouei.;Maysoon Al Karam.;Xinguo Li.;Xuqin Yang.;Wei Wang.;Bonan Lai.;Wei Chen.;Shihe Huang.;Qian Wang.;Tian Yang.;Yang Liu.;Rui Ma.;Zaidoon M Hussain.;Tehmina Khan.;Mohammed Saifuddin Fasihuddin.;Wangyang You.;Zhiqiang Xie.;Yuxiu Zhao.;Zhiwei Jiang.;Guoqing Zhao.;Yanbo Zhang.;Sally Mahmoud.;Islam ElTantawy.;Peng Xiao.;Ashish Koshy.;Walid Abbas Zaher.;Hui Wang.;Kai Duan.;An Pan.;Xiaoming Yang.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷1期35-45页
Although effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed, additional vaccines are still needed.
289. Effect of Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline vs Standard Care on 6-Month Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: The COBI Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Antoine Roquilly.;Jean Denis Moyer.;Olivier Huet.;Sigismond Lasocki.;Benjamin Cohen.;Claire Dahyot-Fizelier.;Kevin Chalard.;Philippe Seguin.;Caroline Jeantrelle.;Véronique Vermeersch.;Thomas Gaillard.;Raphael Cinotti.;Dominique Demeure Dit Latte.;Pierre Joachim Mahe.;Mickael Vourc'h.;Florian Pierre Martin.;Alice Chopin.;Celine Lerebourg.;Laurent Flet.;Anne Chiffoleau.;Fanny Feuillet.;Karim Asehnoune.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷20期2056-2066页
Fluid therapy is an important component of care for patients with traumatic brain injury, but whether it modulates clinical outcomes remains unclear.
290. Effect of Treating Hyperphosphatemia With Lanthanum Carbonate vs Calcium Carbonate on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: The LANDMARK Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Hiroaki Ogata.;Masafumi Fukagawa.;Hideki Hirakata.;Tatsuo Kagimura.;Masanori Fukushima.;Tadao Akizawa.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷19期1946-1954页
Among patients with hyperphosphatemia undergoing dialysis, it is unclear whether non-calcium-based phosphate binders are more effective than calcium-based binders for reducing cardiovascular events.
291. Effect of an Internet-Delivered Stepped-Care Program vs In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kristina Aspvall.;Erik Andersson.;Karin Melin.;Lisa Norlin.;Viktor Eriksson.;Sarah Vigerland.;Maral Jolstedt.;Maria Silverberg-Mörse.;Lena Wallin.;Filipa Sampaio.;Inna Feldman.;Matteo Bottai.;Fabian Lenhard.;David Mataix-Cols.;Eva Serlachius.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1863-1873页
In most countries, young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have limited access to specialist cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a first-line treatment.
292. Effect of a Digital Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Comorbid Hypertension or Diabetes in Brazil and Peru: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Ricardo Araya.;Paulo Rossi Menezes.;Heloísa Garcia Claro.;Lena R Brandt.;Kate L Daley.;Julieta Quayle.;Francisco Diez-Canseco.;Tim J Peters.;Daniela Vera Cruz.;Mauricio Toyama.;Suzana Aschar.;Liliana Hidalgo-Padilla.;Hellen Martins.;Victoria Cavero.;Thais Rocha.;George Scotton.;Ivan F de Almeida Lopes.;Mark Begale.;David C Mohr.;J Jaime Miranda.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1852-1862页
Depression is a leading contributor to disease burden globally. Digital mental health interventions can address the treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries, but the effectiveness in these countries is unknown.
293. Effect of Antimicrobial Therapy on Respiratory Hospitalization or Death in Adults With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The CleanUP-IPF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Fernando J Martinez.;Eric Yow.;Kevin R Flaherty.;Laurie D Snyder.;Michael T Durheim.;Stephen R Wisniewski.;Frank C Sciurba.;Ganesh Raghu.;Maria M Brooks.;Dong-Yun Kim.;Daniel F Dilling.;Gerard J Criner.;Hyun Kim.;Elizabeth A Belloli.;Anoop M Nambiar.;Mary Beth Scholand.;Kevin J Anstrom.;Imre Noth.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1841-1851页
Alteration in lung microbes is associated with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
294. Effect of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring vs Standard Therapy During Infliximab Induction on Disease Remission in Patients With Chronic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Silje Watterdal Syversen.;Guro Løvik Goll.;Kristin Kaasen Jørgensen.;Øystein Sandanger.;Joseph Sexton.;Inge Christoffer Olsen.;Johanna Elin Gehin.;David John Warren.;Marthe Kirkesæther Brun.;Rolf Anton Klaasen.;Lars Normann Karlsen.;Geir Noraberg.;Camilla Zettel.;Maud Kristine Aga Ljoså.;Anne Julsrud Haugen.;Rune Johan Njålla.;Trude Jannecke Bruun.;Kathrine Aglen Seeberg.;Brigitte Michelsen.;Eldri Kveine Strand.;Svanaug Skorpe.;Ingrid Marianne Blomgren.;Yngvill Hovde Bragnes.;Christian Kvikne Dotterud.;Turid Thune.;Carl Magnus Ystrøm.;Roald Torp.;Pawel Mielnik.;Cato Mørk.;Tore K Kvien.;Jørgen Jahnsen.;Nils Bolstad.;Espen A Haavardsholm.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷17期1744-1754页
Proactive therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), defined as individualized drug dosing based on scheduled monitoring of serum drug levels, has been proposed as an alternative to standard therapy to maximize efficacy and safety of infliximab and other biological drugs. However, whether proactive TDM improves clinical outcomes when implemented at the time of drug initiation, compared with standard therapy, remains unclear.
295. Effect of Half-Dose vs Stable-Dose Conventional Synthetic Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs on Disease Flares in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis in Remission: The ARCTIC REWIND Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Siri Lillegraven.;Nina Paulshus Sundlisæter.;Anna-Birgitte Aga.;Joseph Sexton.;Inge C Olsen.;Hallvard Fremstad.;Cristina Spada.;Tor Magne Madland.;Christian A Høili.;Gunnstein Bakland.;Åse Lexberg.;Inger Johanne Widding Hansen.;Inger Myrnes Hansen.;Hilde Haukeland.;Maud-Kristine Aga Ljoså.;Ellen Moholt.;Till Uhlig.;Daniel H Solomon.;Désirée van der Heijde.;Tore K Kvien.;Espen A Haavardsholm.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷17期1755-1764页
Sustained remission has become an achievable goal for patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) receiving conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (csDMARDs), but how to best treat patients in clinical remission remains unclear.
296. Effect of Poloxamer 188 vs Placebo on Painful Vaso-Occlusive Episodes in Children and Adults With Sickle Cell Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: James F Casella.;Bruce A Barton.;Julie Kanter.;L Vandy Black.;Suvankar Majumdar.;Adlette Inati.;Yasser Wali.;Richard A Drachtman.;Miguel R Abboud.;Yurdanur Kilinc.;Beng R Fuh.;Murtadha K Al-Khabori.;Clifford M Takemoto.;Emad Salman.;Sharada A Sarnaik.;Nirmish Shah.;Claudia R Morris.;Jennifer Keates-Baleeiro.;Ashok Raj.;Ofelia A Alvarez.;Lewis L Hsu.;Alexis A Thompson.;India Y Sisler.;Betty S Pace.;Suzie A Noronha.;Joseph L Lasky.;Elena Cela de Julian.;Kamar Godder.;Courtney Dawn Thornburg.;Natalie L Kamberos.;Rachelle Nuss.;Anne M Marsh.;William C Owen.;Anne Schaefer.;Cameron K Tebbi.;Christophe F Chantrain.;Debra E Cohen.;Zeynep Karakas.;Connie M Piccone.;Alex George.;Jason M Fixler.;Tammuella C Singleton.;Thomas Moulton.;Charles T Quinn.;Clarisse Lopes de Castro Lobo.;Abdulkareem M Almomen.;Meenakshi Goyal-Khemka.;Philip Maes.;Marty Emanuele.;Rebecca T Gorney.;Claire S Padgett.;Ed Parsley.;Shari S Kronsberg.;Gregory J Kato.;Mark T Gladwin.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷15期1513-1523页
Although effective agents are available to prevent painful vaso-occlusive episodes of sickle cell disease (SCD), there are no disease-modifying therapies for ongoing painful vaso-occlusive episodes; treatment remains supportive. A previous phase 3 trial of poloxamer 188 reported shortened duration of painful vaso-occlusive episodes in SCD, particularly in children and participants treated with hydroxyurea.
297. Effect of Celecoxib vs Placebo Added to Standard Adjuvant Therapy on Disease-Free Survival Among Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer: The CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance) Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jeffrey A Meyerhardt.;Qian Shi.;Charles S Fuchs.;Jeffrey Meyer.;Donna Niedzwiecki.;Tyler Zemla.;Priya Kumthekar.;Katherine A Guthrie.;Felix Couture.;Philip Kuebler.;Johanna C Bendell.;Pankaj Kumar.;Dequincy Lewis.;Benjamin Tan.;Monica Bertagnolli.;Axel Grothey.;Howard S Hochster.;Richard M Goldberg.;Alan Venook.;Charles Blanke.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Anthony F Shields.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷13期1277-1286页
Aspirin and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) inhibitors have been associated with a reduced risk of colorectal polyps and cancer in observational and randomized studies. The effect of celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, as treatment for nonmetastatic colon cancer is unknown.
298. Effect of Low-Intensity vs High-Intensity Home-Based Walking Exercise on Walk Distance in Patients With Peripheral Artery Disease: The LITE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Mary M McDermott.;Bonnie Spring.;Lu Tian.;Diane Treat-Jacobson.;Luigi Ferrucci.;Donald Lloyd-Jones.;Lihui Zhao.;Tamar Polonsky.;Melina R Kibbe.;Lydia Bazzano.;Jack M Guralnik.;Daniel E Forman.;Al Rego.;Dongxue Zhang.;Kathryn Domanchuk.;Christiaan Leeuwenburgh.;Robert Sufit.;Brittany Smith.;Todd Manini.;Michael H Criqui.;W Jack Rejeski.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷13期1266-1276页
Supervised high-intensity walking exercise that induces ischemic leg symptoms is the first-line therapy for people with lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD), but adherence is poor.
299. Effect of Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Days Free of Respiratory Support in Patients With COVID-19 and Moderate to Severe Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure: The HENIVOT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Domenico Luca Grieco.;Luca S Menga.;Melania Cesarano.;Tommaso Rosà.;Savino Spadaro.;Maria Maddalena Bitondo.;Jonathan Montomoli.;Giulia Falò.;Tommaso Tonetti.;Salvatore L Cutuli.;Gabriele Pintaudi.;Eloisa S Tanzarella.;Edoardo Piervincenzi.;Filippo Bongiovanni.;Antonio M Dell'Anna.;Luca Delle Cese.;Cecilia Berardi.;Simone Carelli.;Maria Grazia Bocci.;Luca Montini.;Giuseppe Bello.;Daniele Natalini.;Gennaro De Pascale.;Matteo Velardo.;Carlo Alberto Volta.;V Marco Ranieri.;Giorgio Conti.;Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore.;Massimo Antonelli.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷17期1731-1743页
High-flow nasal oxygen is recommended as initial treatment for acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and is widely applied in patients with COVID-19.
300. Effect of Continued Weekly Subcutaneous Semaglutide vs Placebo on Weight Loss Maintenance in Adults With Overweight or Obesity: The STEP 4 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Domenica Rubino.;Niclas Abrahamsson.;Melanie Davies.;Dan Hesse.;Frank L Greenway.;Camilla Jensen.;Ildiko Lingvay.;Ofri Mosenzon.;Julio Rosenstock.;Miguel A Rubio.;Gottfried Rudofsky.;Sayeh Tadayon.;Thomas A Wadden.;Dror Dicker.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷14期1414-1425页
The effect of continuing vs withdrawing treatment with semaglutide, a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist, on weight loss maintenance in people with overweight or obesity is unknown.
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