Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of abemaciclib in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) for the treatment of Hormone Receptor/ Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HR + /HER2-) advanced or metastatic breast cancer, this systematic review and meta-analysis compared several treatment regimens and patient groups.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve survival in advanced cancers but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs), whose prognostic impact remains debated. The role of systemic inflammatory biomarkers is also not fully defined.

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) are commonly associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy. ICIs are recommended at various stages of bladder cancer treatment, and appropriate management of irAEs is important in improving long-term outcomes in bladder cancer. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aims to assess irAEs associated with ICI therapy in bladder cancer. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Epistemonikos from inception till January 2025. The references of the included studies, clinicaltrials.gov, annual meeting abstracts of ASCO and ESMO, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform were also searched for additional studies. Phase II or III randomized controlled trials (RCTs) where one of the experimental arms consisted of atezolizumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or avelumab monotherapy were included. A Random effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis in R Statistical Software, version 4.3.3. From the initial 1,092 articles screened, 12 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis, comprising a total of 7,333 patients. Hypothyroidism (RR: 5.87 (3.23, 10.67)), hyperthyroidism (RR: 11.05 (4.20, 29.03)), pruritus (RR: 4.95 (2.82, 8.70)), rash (RR: 2.92 (1.51, 5.64)), colitis (RR: 2.15 (1.11, 4.15)), pneumonitis (RR: 3.91 (2.18, 7.02)), and nephritis (RR: 4.97 (1.43, 17.33)) were found to be significant irAEs associated with ICI therapy. Bladder cancer patients treated with ICIs are at significant risk of irAEs. These events vary in severity, and appropriate management of these adverse events should be prioritized to improve quality of life.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious complication associated with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic therapies, particularly in oncology patients. Ozone therapy has been proposed as a supportive treatment due to its antimicrobial and tissue-regenerative properties, but its clinical efficacy remains uncertain.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer therapy by enhancing the immune response against tumors. However, they can cause immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including rare but potentially fatal myocarditis. We describe a 71-year-old man with stage IIIA lung adenocarcinoma treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab who developed severe ICI-associated myocarditis. Despite early diagnosis, treatment with intensive immunosuppression and mechanical support, he suffered fatal cardiac complications. A systematic review of the literature up to May 2025 identified 44 cases of ICI-associated myocarditis. Data on clinical features, diagnostics, treatment, and outcomes were extracted and analyzed. Most cases involved older patients with lung cancer treated with pembrolizumab or nivolumab. Onset varied from days to years after therapy initiation. Presentations included dyspnea, chest pain, arrhythmias, and elevated cardiac biomarkers. The biopsy showed T-cell and macrophage infiltration. High-dose corticosteroids were the primary treatment; additional immunosuppressants were used in cases that were refractory. Mortality was 45%, mainly due to cardiac failure and sepsis. Discussion: ICI-associated myocarditis arises from immune dysregulation affecting cardiac tissue, potentially involving shared antigens and systemic inflammation. Early detection and aggressive immunosuppression are crucial but often insufficient, resulting in high mortality. This underscores the urgent need for a better understanding of pathogenesis and the development of effective management strategies to improve patient outcomes. Finally, a multidisciplinary approach is important to improve outcomes in ICI-associated myocarditis.

Anti-angiogenic therapy, particularly small-molecule inhibitors targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), has emerged as a promising approach for treating bone and soft tissue sarcomas. This study aimed to systematically compare the efficacy and safety of different small-molecule anti-angiogenic agents in the treatment of bone and soft tissue sarcomas through a network meta-analysis (NMA).

Cancer is a leading cause of death and disability. Chemotherapy is one of the most common treatments. Physical activity (PA) can improve chemotherapy side effects, fatigue, adherence, survival rates and quality of life. However, people who are undergoing chemotherapy are insufficiently active. This review aimed to identify the barriers to PA in adults who are undergoing chemotherapy for the treatment of cancer.

Due to interdisciplinary research, many innovative concepts have been merged that seemed to be impractical. Recently, medicinal organometallic chemistry has made remarkable progress, but the latency of these compounds has not been fully exploited. This systematic review has examined the published literature on anticancer organometallic chemistry across countries, science fields, and organizations involved in organometallics research for cancer.

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is effectively treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as imatinib, though drug response varies among patients. Genetic polymorphisms in drug transporter genes ABCB1 and ABCG2 influence imatinib plasma trough concentrations (Ctrough).

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the necessity of histamine-2 antagonists (H2As) in paclitaxel premedication protocols, particularly in preventing hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs). The research question addressed whether the inclusion of H2As significantly reduces the incidence of HSRs associated with paclitaxel treatment. A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE, Cochrane and Web of Science databases was conducted to identify studies on prophylactic H2As for paclitaxel-induced HSRs up to December 2023. Studies were included based on predefined criteria, including adult patients with cancer receiving paclitaxel infusions. Quality of included studies was evaluated using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomised Studies-of Interventions tool and results were generated through a random effects statistical model. Six studies meeting the inclusion criteria were included in the meta-analysis. The analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of grade III or higher HSRs (risk ratio, RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.67) or all-grade HSRs (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.82 to 2.39) between patients receiving H2As as part of their premedication protocol and those without H2A blockade. Minimal heterogeneity was observed for grade III reactions (I²=0.0%, p=0.669), while high heterogeneity was noted for all-grade reactions (I²=73.4%, p=0.002). Subgroup analysis showed minimal heterogeneity with all-grade reactions once prospective studies were excluded (I2=0.0%, p=0.689). This meta-analysis supports the safe omission of H2As, particularly ranitidine, from paclitaxel premedication protocols without compromising patient safety in terms of HSRs.

PARP7 (TiPARP), a mono-ADP-ribosyltransferase (mono-ART), was initially identified as a target gene of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) activated by dioxin exposure. PARP7 has recently attracted significant attention due to its central role in tumor immune evasion as a key negative regulator of the type I interferon (IFN-Ⅰ) signaling; its inhibition demonstrates potent immune-mediated antitumor effects. Several small-molecule inhibitors of PARP7 have demonstrated excellent immune antitumor effects. Furthermore, PARP7 also regulates various other signaling pathways through its specific H-Y-I catalytic triad sequence that catalyzes mono-ADP-ribosylation modifications mainly at cysteine residues of substrate proteins. It preferentially modifies various transcription factors and regulatory proteins, including the AHR, Fos-related antigen-1 (FRA1), TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1), and sex hormone receptors, affecting their stability and activity. The important functions of PARP7 in liver metabolism, adipogenesis, and antiviral immunity will also be discussed. This systematic review of the multiple roles of PARP7 in developing tumors and other diseases will provide prospects for breakthrough applications of targeting this protein.

Emerging studies have investigated the association between acetaminophen (APAP) use and clinical outcomes in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), but their findings remain inconsistent. This meta-analysis aims to systematically synthesize available evidence to clarify this relationship and provide evidence-based guidance for clinical practice.

Dizziness and balance impairments are underexplored symptoms in older adults with cancer. Age-related factors, comorbidities, and chemotherapy may contribute to its prevalence and severity, potentially affecting quality of life, increasing fall risk, and delaying treatment. Data on the incidence and prevalence of these symptoms are limited. This systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence and estimate the incidence and prevalence of dizziness or vertigo and impaired postural balance in patients with cancer ≥65 years receiving chemotherapy.

The integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with perioperative chemotherapy (CT) has become a major focus of clinical research in resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer. Recent phase 2 and 3 trials have reported disparate outcomes, generating considerable debate. To synthesize this evidence, we conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding ICIs to CT in this setting.

Mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancers demonstrate exceptional responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors; however, evidence for the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy remains limited. This review consolidates all prospective trials evaluating neoadjuvant immune checkpoint blockade in non-metastatic dMMR/MSI-H colorectal cancer.

This meta-analysis was designed to compare the long-term outcomes of first-line programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in patients with advanced HER2-negative gastric cancer (GC).

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are effective in cancer treatment but may trigger immune-related adverse events (irAEs), especially in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases (ADs). This population is often excluded from trials due to higher risks of flares, higher rates of irAEs, and potential reduced ICI efficacy. This review examines the safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with preexisting autoimmune diseases and explores emerging evidence on potential predictive biomarkers.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel and promising anti-cancer therapy. We conducted this systematic review to precisely quantify the occurrence and development for actue kidney injury(AKI) following ICIs treatment for cancer. We conducted a search of the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases. Twenty-nine studies, comprising 24,953 cancer patients who received ICIs were finally eligible. The incidence of AKI was 16.2% (95%CI:12.8%-19.8%); the incidence of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated acute kidney injury (ICPi-AKI) was 3.1%(95%CI:2.4%-4%); the incidence of non-ICPi-AKI was 11.2%(95%CI:8.4%-14.3%), and the incidence of sustained AKI was 14.9%(95%CI:7.5%-24.3%). Patients who developed AKI (HR = 1.521(95%CI:1.208-1.916)) and ICPi-AKI (HR = 1.407(95%CI:1.059-1.869)) exhibited an elevated risk of all-cause mortality. An increased risk for AKI was observed with preexisting chronic kidney disease (CKD) and combined with other extrarenal immune-related adverse events (irAEs). The use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), proton pump inhibitor (PPI), diuretic, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAASi), antibiotics and fluidone was also significantly associated with incident AKI. Combined therapy had a greater impact on renal injury compared to monotherapy. Patients using ipilimumab were more prone to developing AKI, compared to those using nivoluma. CTLA4 (ref'PD-1) was associated with a higher likelihood of sustained AKI. The use of PDL-1(ref='PD-1) was linked to an increased susceptibility to ICPi-AKI. The occurrence of AKI was intricately linked to specific complications, the concomitant use of certain medications, and the specific regimen of ICIs. This deserves our attention.

Biosimilar anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents are cheaper alternatives to current treatments, but their safety and efficacy are unknown. This review aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of biosimilar anti-vascular endothelial growth factors in the management of retinopathy of prematurity.

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all esophageal cancer cases and is associated with poor prognosis. However, recent advancements have transformed the treatment landscape. Tislelizumab, a humanized immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4) anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) monoclonal antibody, was developed to overcome resistance mechanisms by minimizing binding to FcγR on macrophages. The RATIONALE-302 clinical trial showed statistically significant survival benefits of tislelizumab over chemotherapy in second-line ESCC highlighting the necessity of evaluating comparative efficacy with existing treatments. This study aimed to identify trials evaluating anti-PD-1 therapies for second-line ESCC and indirectly estimate the relative efficacy of tislelizumab versus existing anti-PD-1 therapies.