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261. Effect of an Active vs Expectant Management Strategy on Successful Resolution of Pregnancy Among Patients With a Persisting Pregnancy of Unknown Location: The ACT or NOT Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kurt T Barnhart.;Karl R Hansen.;Mary D Stephenson.;Rebecca Usadi.;Anne Z Steiner.;Marcelle I Cedars.;Emily S Jungheim.;Kathleen M Hoeger.;Stephen A Krawetz.;Benjie Mills.;Meredith Alston.;Christos Coutifaris.;Suneeta Senapati.;Sarita Sonalkar.;Michael P Diamond.;Robert A Wild.;Mitchell Rosen.;Mary D Sammel.;Nanette Santoro.;Esther Eisenberg.;Hao Huang.;Heping Zhang.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷5期390-400页
Women with an early nonviable pregnancy of unknown location are at high risk of ectopic pregnancy and its inherent morbidity and mortality. Successful and timely resolution of the gestation, while minimizing unscheduled interventions, are important priorities.
262. Effect of a Hospital and Postdischarge Quality Improvement Intervention on Clinical Outcomes and Quality of Care for Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: The CONNECT-HF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Adam D DeVore.;Bradi B Granger.;Gregg C Fonarow.;Hussein R Al-Khalidi.;Nancy M Albert.;Eldrin F Lewis.;Javed Butler.;Ileana L Piña.;Larry A Allen.;Clyde W Yancy.;Lauren B Cooper.;G Michael Felker.;Lisa A Kaltenbach.;A Thomas McRae.;David E Lanfear.;Robert W Harrison.;Maghee Disch.;Dan Ariely.;Julie M Miller.;Christopher B Granger.;Adrian F Hernandez.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷4期314-323页
Adoption of guideline-directed medical therapy for patients with heart failure is variable. Interventions to improve guideline-directed medical therapy have failed to consistently achieve target metrics, and limited data exist to inform efforts to improve heart failure quality of care.
263. Effect of 7 vs 14 Days of Antibiotic Therapy on Resolution of Symptoms Among Afebrile Men With Urinary Tract Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dimitri M Drekonja.;Barbara Trautner.;Carla Amundson.;Michael Kuskowski.;James R Johnson.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷4期324-331页
Determination of optimal treatment durations for common infectious diseases is an important strategy to preserve antibiotic effectiveness.
264. Effect of Canakinumab vs Placebo on Survival Without Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Roberto Caricchio.;Antonio Abbate.;Ivan Gordeev.;Jamie Meng.;Priscilla Y Hsue.;Tuhina Neogi.;Roberto Arduino.;Daria Fomina.;Roman Bogdanov.;Tatiana Stepanenko.;Pilar Ruiz-Seco.;Andrés Gónzalez-García.;Yu Chen.;Yuhan Li.;Sarah Whelan.;Stephanie Noviello.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷3期230-239页
Effective treatments for patients with severe COVID-19 are needed.
265. Effect of Oral Azithromycin vs Placebo on COVID-19 Symptoms in Outpatients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Catherine E Oldenburg.;Benjamin A Pinsky.;Jessica Brogdon.;Cindi Chen.;Kevin Ruder.;Lina Zhong.;Fanice Nyatigo.;Catherine A Cook.;Armin Hinterwirth.;Elodie Lebas.;Travis Redd.;Travis C Porco.;Thomas M Lietman.;Benjamin F Arnold.;Thuy Doan.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷6期490-498页
Azithromycin has been hypothesized to have activity against SARS-CoV-2.
266. Effect of Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection vs Sham Injection on Tendon Dysfunction in Patients With Chronic Midportion Achilles Tendinopathy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Rebecca S Kearney.;Chen Ji.;Jane Warwick.;Nicholas Parsons.;Jaclyn Brown.;Paul Harrison.;Jonathan Young.;Matthew L Costa.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷2期137-144页
Platelet-rich plasma injections are used as a treatment for chronic midportion Achilles tendinopathy, but evidence for this treatment is limited.
267. Effect of Cytisine vs Varenicline on Smoking Cessation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ryan J Courtney.;Hayden McRobbie.;Piotr Tutka.;Natasha A Weaver.;Dennis Petrie.;Colin P Mendelsohn.;Anthony Shakeshaft.;Saki Talukder.;Christel Macdonald.;Dennis Thomas.;Benjamin C H Kwan.;Natalie Walker.;Coral Gartner.;Richard P Mattick.;Christine Paul.;Stuart G Ferguson.;Nicholas A Zwar.;Robyn L Richmond.;Christopher M Doran.;Veronica C Boland.;Wayne Hall.;Robert West.;Michael Farrell.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷1期56-64页
Cytisine is more effective than placebo and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. However, cytisine has not been tested against the most effective smoking cessation medication, varenicline, which is associated with adverse events known to lead to discontinuation of therapy.
268. Effect of Oral Ranitidine on Urinary Excretion of N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA): A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jeffry Florian.;Murali K Matta.;Ryan DePalma.;Victoria Gershuny.;Vikram Patel.;Cheng-Hui Hsiao.;Robbert Zusterzeel.;Rodney Rouse.;Kristin Prentice.;Colleen Gosa Nalepinski.;Insook Kim.;Sojeong Yi.;Liang Zhao.;Miyoung Yoon.;Susan Selaya.;David Keire.;Joyce Korvick.;David G Strauss.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷3期240-249页
In 2019, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) received a citizen petition indicating that ranitidine contained the probable human carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA). In addition, the petitioner proposed that ranitidine could convert to NDMA in humans; however, this was primarily based on a small clinical study that detected an increase in urinary excretion of NDMA after oral ranitidine consumption.
269. Effects of Intravenous Eptinezumab vs Placebo on Headache Pain and Most Bothersome Symptom When Initiated During a Migraine Attack: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Paul K Winner.;Peter McAllister.;George Chakhava.;Jessica Ailani.;Anders Ettrup.;Mette Krog Josiassen.;Annika Lindsten.;Lahar Mehta.;Roger Cady.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷23期2348-2356页
Intravenous eptinezumab, an anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide antibody, is approved for migraine prevention in adults. It has established onset of preventive efficacy on day 1 after infusion.
270. Effect of Bamlanivimab vs Placebo on Incidence of COVID-19 Among Residents and Staff of Skilled Nursing and Assisted Living Facilities: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Myron S Cohen.;Ajay Nirula.;Mark J Mulligan.;Richard M Novak.;Mary Marovich.;Catherine Yen.;Alexander Stemer.;Stockton M Mayer.;David Wohl.;Blair Brengle.;Brian T Montague.;Ian Frank.;Russell J McCulloh.;Carl J Fichtenbaum.;Brad Lipson.;Nashwa Gabra.;Julio A Ramirez.;Christine Thai.;Wairimu Chege.;Margarita M Gomez Lorenzo.;Nirupama Sista.;Jennifer Farrior.;Meredith E Clement.;Elizabeth R Brown.;Kenneth L Custer.;Jacob Van Naarden.;Andrew C Adams.;Andrew E Schade.;Matan C Dabora.;Jack Knorr.;Karen L Price.;Janelle Sabo.;Jay L Tuttle.;Paul Klekotka.;Lei Shen.;Daniel M Skovronsky.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷1期46-55页
Preventive interventions are needed to protect residents and staff of skilled nursing and assisted living facilities from COVID-19 during outbreaks in their facilities. Bamlanivimab, a neutralizing monoclonal antibody against SARS-CoV-2, may confer rapid protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19.
271. Effect of Continuous Glucose Monitoring on Glycemic Control in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Treated With Basal Insulin: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Thomas Martens.;Roy W Beck.;Ryan Bailey.;Katrina J Ruedy.;Peter Calhoun.;Anne L Peters.;Rodica Pop-Busui.;Athena Philis-Tsimikas.;Shichun Bao.;Guillermo Umpierrez.;Georgia Davis.;Davida Kruger.;Anuj Bhargava.;Laura Young.;Janet B McGill.;Grazia Aleppo.;Quang T Nguyen.;Ian Orozco.;William Biggs.;K Jean Lucas.;William H Polonsky.;John B Buse.;David Price.;Richard M Bergenstal.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷22期2262-2272页
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to be beneficial for adults with type 2 diabetes using intensive insulin therapy, but its use in type 2 diabetes treated with basal insulin without prandial insulin has not been well studied.
272. Effect of Implantable vs Prolonged External Electrocardiographic Monitoring on Atrial Fibrillation Detection in Patients With Ischemic Stroke: The PER DIEM Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Brian H Buck.;Michael D Hill.;F Russell Quinn.;Ken S Butcher.;Bijoy K Menon.;Sajad Gulamhusein.;Muzaffar Siddiqui.;Shelagh B Coutts.;Thomas Jeerakathil.;Eric E Smith.;Khurshid Khan.;Phillip A Barber.;Glen Jickling.;Lucy Reyes.;Supriya Save.;Paige Fairall.;Lori Piquette.;Noreen Kamal.;Derek S Chew.;Andrew M Demchuk.;Ashfaq Shuaib.;Derek V Exner.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2160-2168页
The relative rates of detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter from evaluating patients with prolonged electrocardiographic monitoring with an external loop recorder or implantable loop recorder after an ischemic stroke are unknown.
273. Effect of Long-term Continuous Cardiac Monitoring vs Usual Care on Detection of Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Stroke Attributed to Large- or Small-Vessel Disease: The STROKE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Richard A Bernstein.;Hooman Kamel.;Christopher B Granger.;Jonathan P Piccini.;Pramod P Sethi.;Jeffrey M Katz.;Carola Alfaro Vives.;Paul D Ziegler.;Noreli C Franco.;Lee H Schwamm.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2169-2177页
Patients with ischemic stroke attributed to large- or small-vessel disease are not considered at high risk for atrial fibrillation (AF), and the AF incidence rate in this population is unknown.
274. Effect of Reduced-Dose vs High-Dose Glucocorticoids Added to Rituximab on Remission Induction in ANCA-Associated Vasculitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Shunsuke Furuta.;Daiki Nakagomi.;Yoshihisa Kobayashi.;Masaki Hiraguri.;Takao Sugiyama.;Koichi Amano.;Takeshi Umibe.;Hajime Kono.;Kazuhiro Kurasawa.;Yasuhiko Kita.;Ryutaro Matsumura.;Yuko Kaneko.;Keita Ninagawa.;Keiju Hiromura.;Shin-Ichiro Kagami.;Yosuke Inaba.;Hideki Hanaoka.;Kei Ikeda.;Hiroshi Nakajima.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷21期2178-2187页
The current standard induction therapy for antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis is the combination of high-dose glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide or rituximab. Although these regimens have high remission rates, they are associated with considerable adverse events presumably due to high-dose glucocorticoids.
275. Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Nawal Al Kaabi.;Yuntao Zhang.;Shengli Xia.;Yunkai Yang.;Manaf M Al Qahtani.;Najiba Abdulrazzaq.;Majed Al Nusair.;Mohamed Hassany.;Jaleela S Jawad.;Jehad Abdalla.;Salah Eldin Hussein.;Shamma K Al Mazrouei.;Maysoon Al Karam.;Xinguo Li.;Xuqin Yang.;Wei Wang.;Bonan Lai.;Wei Chen.;Shihe Huang.;Qian Wang.;Tian Yang.;Yang Liu.;Rui Ma.;Zaidoon M Hussain.;Tehmina Khan.;Mohammed Saifuddin Fasihuddin.;Wangyang You.;Zhiqiang Xie.;Yuxiu Zhao.;Zhiwei Jiang.;Guoqing Zhao.;Yanbo Zhang.;Sally Mahmoud.;Islam ElTantawy.;Peng Xiao.;Ashish Koshy.;Walid Abbas Zaher.;Hui Wang.;Kai Duan.;An Pan.;Xiaoming Yang.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷1期35-45页
Although effective vaccines against COVID-19 have been developed, additional vaccines are still needed.
276. Effect of Continuous Infusion of Hypertonic Saline vs Standard Care on 6-Month Neurological Outcomes in Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: The COBI Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Antoine Roquilly.;Jean Denis Moyer.;Olivier Huet.;Sigismond Lasocki.;Benjamin Cohen.;Claire Dahyot-Fizelier.;Kevin Chalard.;Philippe Seguin.;Caroline Jeantrelle.;Véronique Vermeersch.;Thomas Gaillard.;Raphael Cinotti.;Dominique Demeure Dit Latte.;Pierre Joachim Mahe.;Mickael Vourc'h.;Florian Pierre Martin.;Alice Chopin.;Celine Lerebourg.;Laurent Flet.;Anne Chiffoleau.;Fanny Feuillet.;Karim Asehnoune.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷20期2056-2066页
Fluid therapy is an important component of care for patients with traumatic brain injury, but whether it modulates clinical outcomes remains unclear.
277. Effect of Treating Hyperphosphatemia With Lanthanum Carbonate vs Calcium Carbonate on Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Undergoing Hemodialysis: The LANDMARK Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Hiroaki Ogata.;Masafumi Fukagawa.;Hideki Hirakata.;Tatsuo Kagimura.;Masanori Fukushima.;Tadao Akizawa.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷19期1946-1954页
Among patients with hyperphosphatemia undergoing dialysis, it is unclear whether non-calcium-based phosphate binders are more effective than calcium-based binders for reducing cardiovascular events.
278. Effect of an Internet-Delivered Stepped-Care Program vs In-Person Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kristina Aspvall.;Erik Andersson.;Karin Melin.;Lisa Norlin.;Viktor Eriksson.;Sarah Vigerland.;Maral Jolstedt.;Maria Silverberg-Mörse.;Lena Wallin.;Filipa Sampaio.;Inna Feldman.;Matteo Bottai.;Fabian Lenhard.;David Mataix-Cols.;Eva Serlachius.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1863-1873页
In most countries, young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder have limited access to specialist cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a first-line treatment.
279. Effect of a Digital Intervention on Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Comorbid Hypertension or Diabetes in Brazil and Peru: Two Randomized Clinical Trials.
作者: Ricardo Araya.;Paulo Rossi Menezes.;Heloísa Garcia Claro.;Lena R Brandt.;Kate L Daley.;Julieta Quayle.;Francisco Diez-Canseco.;Tim J Peters.;Daniela Vera Cruz.;Mauricio Toyama.;Suzana Aschar.;Liliana Hidalgo-Padilla.;Hellen Martins.;Victoria Cavero.;Thais Rocha.;George Scotton.;Ivan F de Almeida Lopes.;Mark Begale.;David C Mohr.;J Jaime Miranda.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1852-1862页
Depression is a leading contributor to disease burden globally. Digital mental health interventions can address the treatment gap in low- and middle-income countries, but the effectiveness in these countries is unknown.
280. Effect of Antimicrobial Therapy on Respiratory Hospitalization or Death in Adults With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: The CleanUP-IPF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Fernando J Martinez.;Eric Yow.;Kevin R Flaherty.;Laurie D Snyder.;Michael T Durheim.;Stephen R Wisniewski.;Frank C Sciurba.;Ganesh Raghu.;Maria M Brooks.;Dong-Yun Kim.;Daniel F Dilling.;Gerard J Criner.;Hyun Kim.;Elizabeth A Belloli.;Anoop M Nambiar.;Mary Beth Scholand.;Kevin J Anstrom.;Imre Noth.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷18期1841-1851页
Alteration in lung microbes is associated with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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