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261. Prognosis for Spontaneous Resolution of OSA in Children.
作者: Ronald D Chervin.;Susan S Ellenberg.;Xiaoling Hou.;Carole L Marcus.;Susan L Garetz.;Eliot S Katz.;Elise K Hodges.;Ron B Mitchell.;Dwight T Jones.;Raanan Arens.;Raouf Amin.;Susan Redline.;Carol L Rosen.; .
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1204-1213页
Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is commonly performed for childhood OSA syndrome (OSAS), but little is known about prognosis without treatment.
262. An Internet-Mediated Pedometer-Based Program Improves Health-Related Quality-of-Life Domains and Daily Step Counts in COPD: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
作者: Marilyn L Moy.;Riley J Collins.;Carlos H Martinez.;Reema Kadri.;Pia Roman.;Robert G Holleman.;Hyungjin Myra Kim.;Huong Q Nguyen.;Miriam D Cohen.;David E Goodrich.;Nicholas D Giardino.;Caroline R Richardson.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期128-137页
Low levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with poor outcomes in people with COPD. Interventions to increase PA could improve outcomes.
263. A Randomized Trial of 1% vs 2% Lignocaine by the Spray-as-You-Go Technique for Topical Anesthesia During Flexible Bronchoscopy.
作者: Harpreet Kaur.;Sahajal Dhooria.;Ashutosh N Aggarwal.;Dheeraj Gupta.;Digambar Behera.;Ritesh Agarwal.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷3期739-745页
The optimal concentration of lignocaine to be used during flexible bronchoscopy (FB) remains unknown. This randomized controlled trial compared the efficacy and safety of 1% and 2% lignocaine solution for topical anesthesia during FB.
264. A Randomized Controlled Study to Examine the Effect of a Lifestyle Modification Program in OSA.
作者: Susanna S S Ng.;Ruth S M Chan.;Jean Woo.;Tat-On Chan.;Bernice H K Cheung.;Mandy M M Sea.;Kin-Wang To.;Ken K P Chan.;Jenny Ngai.;Wing-Ho Yip.;Fanny W S Ko.;David S C Hui.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷5期1193-1203页
Obesity is an important risk factor for OSA. This study aimed to assess the effect of weight reduction through a lifestyle modification program (LMP) on patients with moderate to severe OSA.
265. A randomized controlled trial comparing the ventilation duration between adaptive support ventilation and pressure assist/control ventilation in medical patients in the ICU.
作者: Cenk Kirakli.;Ilknur Naz.;Ozlem Ediboglu.;Dursun Tatar.;Ahmet Budak.;Emel Tellioglu.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷6期1503-1509页
Adaptive support ventilation (ASV) is a closed loop mode of mechanical ventilation (MV) that provides a target minute ventilation by automatically adapting inspiratory pressure and respiratory rate with the minimum work of breathing on the part of the patient. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ASV on total MV duration when compared with pressure assist/control ventilation.
266. Standardizing Predicted Body Weight Equations for Mechanical Ventilation Tidal Volume Settings.
Recent recommendations for lung protective mechanical ventilation include a tidal volume target of 6 mL/kg predicted body weight (PBW). Different PBW equations might introduce important differences in tidal volumes delivered to research subjects and patients.
267. Lung Volume Reduction in Emphysema Improves Chest Wall Asynchrony.
作者: Zaid Zoumot.;Antonella LoMauro.;Andrea Aliverti.;Christopher Nelson.;Simon Ward.;Simon Jordan.;Michael I Polkey.;Pallav L Shah.;Nicholas S Hopkinson.
来源: Chest. 2015年148卷1期185-195页
Lung volume reduction (LVR) techniques improve lung function in selected patients with emphysema, but the impact of LVR procedures on the asynchronous movement of different chest wall compartments, which is a feature of emphysema, is not known.
268. Acute effect of an inhaled glucocorticosteroid on albuterol-induced bronchodilation in patients with moderately severe asthma.
We have previously shown that in patients with asthma a single dose of an inhaled glucocorticosteroid (ICS) acutely potentiates inhaled albuterol-induced airway vascular smooth muscle relaxation through a nongenomic action. An effect on airway smooth muscle was not seen, presumably because the patients had normal lung function. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a similar study in patients with asthma with airflow obstruction to determine if an ICS could acutely also potentiate albuterol-induced airway smooth muscle relaxation in them.
269. One-year safety and efficacy study of arformoterol tartrate in patients with moderate to severe COPD.
作者: James F Donohue.;Nicola A Hanania.;Barry Make.;Matthew C Miles.;Donald A Mahler.;Lisa Curry.;Robert Tosiello.;Alistair Wheeler.;Donald P Tashkin.
来源: Chest. 2014年146卷6期1531-1542页
Arformoterol tartrate (arformoterol, 15 μg bid) is a nebulized long-acting β2-agonist approved for maintenance treatment of COPD.
270. Exaggerated pulmonary hypertension and right ventricular dysfunction in high-altitude dwellers with patent foramen ovale.
作者: Roman Brenner.;Lorenza Pratali.;Stefano F Rimoldi.;Carla Ximena Murillo Jauregui.;Rodrigo Soria.;Emrush Rexhaj.;Carlos Salinas Salmón.;Mercedes Villena.;Catherine Romero.;Claudio Sartori.;Yves Allemann.;Urs Scherrer.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期1072-1079页
There is considerable interindividual variability in pulmonary artery pressure among high-altitude (HA) dwellers, but the underlying mechanism is not known. At low altitude, a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is present in about 25% of the general population. Its prevalence is increased in clinical conditions associated with pulmonary hypertension and arterial hypoxemia, and it is thought to aggravate these problems.
271. Hospitalized exacerbations of COPD: risk factors and outcomes in the ECLIPSE cohort.
作者: Hana Müllerova.;Diego J Maselli.;Nicholas Locantore.;Jørgen Vestbo.;John R Hurst.;Jadwiga A Wedzicha.;Per Bakke.;Alvar Agusti.;Antonio Anzueto.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷4期999-1007页
Exacerbations of COPD requiring hospital admission have important clinical and societal implications. We sought to investigate the incidence, recurrence, risk factors, and mortality of patients with COPD exacerbations requiring hospital admission compared with those without hospital admission during 3-year follow-up. Patients with COPD (N = 2,138) were identified from the Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints (ECLIPSE) observational cohort.
272. Family-based psychosocial support and education as part of pulmonary rehabilitation in COPD: a randomized controlled trial.
作者: Alda Marques.;Cristina Jácome.;Joana Cruz.;Raquel Gabriel.;Dina Brooks.;Daniela Figueiredo.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷3期662-672页
Involving family as part of the patient's rehabilitation plan of care might enhance the management of COPD. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a family-based pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) program on patients and family members' coping strategies to manage COPD.
273. Quality of well-being outcomes in the National Emphysema Treatment Trial.
Surgical and medical treatments for emphysema may affect both quality and quantity of life. The purpose of this article is to report outcomes from the National Emphysema Treatment Trial (NETT) using an index that combines quality and quantity of life.
274. Isoniazid-associated hepatitis in adults infected with HIV receiving 36 months of isoniazid prophylaxis in Botswana.
作者: Zegabriel Tedla.;Minh-Ly Nguyen.;Thabisa Sibanda.;Samba Nyirenda.;Tefera B Agizew.;Sonali Girde.;Charles E Rose.;Taraz Samandari.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1376-1384页
The World Health Organization recommends 36 months of isoniazid preventive therapy (36IPT) for adults infected with HIV living in TB-endemic countries. We determined the rates and risk factors for isoniazid-associated hepatitis with the use of 36IPT.
275. The effect of omega-3 fatty acids on bronchial hyperresponsiveness, sputum eosinophilia, and mast cell mediators in asthma.
作者: John D Brannan.;Johan Bood.;Ahmad Alkhabaz.;David Balgoma.;Joceline Otis.;Ingrid Delin.;Barbro Dahlén.;Craig E Wheelock.;Parameswaran Nair.;Sven-Erik Dahlén.;Paul M O'Byrne.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期397-405页
Omega-3 fatty acid supplements have been reported to inhibit exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). It has not been determined whether omega-3 supplements inhibit airway sensitivity to inhaled mannitol, a test for bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) and model for EIB in people with mild to moderate asthma.
276. Preintubation application of oral chlorhexidine does not provide additional benefit in prevention of early-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia.
作者: Cindy L Munro.;Mary Jo Grap.;Curtis N Sessler.;Ronald K Elswick.;Devanand Mangar.;Rachel Karlnoski-Everall.;Paula Cairns.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷2期328-334页
Daily application of oral chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) following intubation to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is now the standard of care in many ICUs. This randomized clinical trial evaluated the benefit of adding a preintubation CHX dose to the known benefit of postintubation CHX to reduce the risk of early-onset VAP. A secondary aim was to test the effect of a preintubation oral application of CHX on early endotracheal tube (ETT) colonization.
277. Transbronchial vs transesophageal needle aspiration using an ultrasound bronchoscope for the diagnosis of mediastinal lesions: a randomized study.
作者: Masahide Oki.;Hideo Saka.;Masahiko Ando.;Rie Tsuboi.;Masashi Nakahata.;Saori Oka.;Yoshihito Kogure.;Chiyoe Kitagawa.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷5期1259-1266页
The purpose of this study was to compare the tolerance, efficacy, and safety of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) with transesophageal endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) with an endobronchial ultrasound scope for the first pathologic diagnosis of lesions accessible by both procedures.
278. Sex and acetazolamide effects on chemoreflex and periodic breathing during sleep at altitude.
作者: Sergio Caravita.;Andrea Faini.;Carolina Lombardi.;Mariaconsuelo Valentini.;Francesca Gregorini.;Jessica Rossi.;Paolo Meriggi.;Marco Di Rienzo.;Grzegorz Bilo.;Piergiuseppe Agostoni.;Gianfranco Parati.
来源: Chest. 2015年147卷1期120-131页
Nocturnal periodic breathing occurs more frequently in men than in women with various clinical and pathophysiologic conditions. The mechanisms accounting for this sex-related difference are not completely understood. Acetazolamide effectively counteracts nocturnal periodic breathing, but it has been investigated almost exclusively in men. Our aim was to explore possible determinants of nocturnal periodic breathing in a high-altitude setting both in men and in women. We hypothesized that increased hypoxic chemosensitivity in men could be associated with the development of nocturnal periodic breathing at altitude more frequently than in women, and that acetazolamide, by leftward shifting the CO2 ventilatory response, could improve nocturnal periodic breathing at altitude in a sex-independent manner.
279. Impact of early mobilization on glycemic control and ICU-acquired weakness in critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated.
ICU-acquired weakness (ICU-AW) has immediate and long-term consequences for critically ill patients. Strategies for the prevention of weakness include modification of known risk factors, such as hyperglycemia and immobility. Intensive insulin therapy (IIT) has been proposed to prevent critical illness polyneuropathy. However, the effect of insulin and early mobilization on clinically apparent weakness is not well known.
280. Study design implications of death and hospitalization as end points in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
作者: Harold R Collard.;Kevin K Brown.;Fernando J Martinez.;Ganesh Raghu.;Rhonda S Roberts.;Kevin J Anstrom.
来源: Chest. 2014年146卷5期1256-1262页
The feasibility of an interventional clinical trial in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) using death and hospitalization as primary end points is an area of uncertainty. Using data from a large well-characterized clinical trial population, this article aims to illustrate the impact of cohort enrichment and study duration on sample size requirements for IPF clinical trials in which death alone or death plus hospitalization serve as the primary end point.
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