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261. Body-mass index and incidence of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective observational studies.
作者: Andrew G Renehan.;Margaret Tyson.;Matthias Egger.;Richard F Heller.;Marcel Zwahlen.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9612期569-78页
Excess bodyweight, expressed as increased body-mass index (BMI), is associated with the risk of some common adult cancers. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the strength of associations between BMI and different sites of cancer and to investigate differences in these associations between sex and ethnic groups.
262. LDL-cholesterol concentrations: a genome-wide association study.
作者: Manjinder S Sandhu.;Dawn M Waterworth.;Sally L Debenham.;Eleanor Wheeler.;Konstantinos Papadakis.;Jing Hua Zhao.;Kijoung Song.;Xin Yuan.;Toby Johnson.;Sofie Ashford.;Michael Inouye.;Robert Luben.;Matthew Sims.;David Hadley.;Wendy McArdle.;Philip Barter.;Y Antero Kesäniemi.;Robert W Mahley.;Ruth McPherson.;Scott M Grundy.; .;Sheila A Bingham.;Kay-Tee Khaw.;Ruth J F Loos.;Gérard Waeber.;Inês Barroso.;David P Strachan.;Panagiotis Deloukas.;Peter Vollenweider.;Nicholas J Wareham.;Vincent Mooser.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9611期483-91页
LDL cholesterol has a causal role in the development of cardiovascular disease. Improved understanding of the biological mechanisms that underlie the metabolism and regulation of LDL cholesterol might help to identify novel therapeutic targets. We therefore did a genome-wide association study of LDL-cholesterol concentrations.
263. Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18,686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis.
作者: .;P M Kearney.;L Blackwell.;R Collins.;A Keech.;J Simes.;R Peto.;J Armitage.;C Baigent.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9607期117-25页
Although statin therapy reduces the risk of occlusive vascular events in people with diabetes mellitus, there is uncertainty about the effects on particular outcomes and whether such effects depend on the type of diabetes, lipid profile, or other factors. We undertook a prospective meta-analysis to help resolve these uncertainties.
264. Adjuvant chemotherapy in oestrogen-receptor-poor breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of randomised trials.
作者: .;M Clarke.;A S Coates.;S C Darby.;C Davies.;R D Gelber.;J Godwin.;A Goldhirsch.;R Gray.;R Peto.;K I Pritchard.;W C Wood.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9606期29-40页
The long-term effects of adjuvant polychemotherapy regimens in oestrogen-receptor-poor (ER-poor) breast cancer, and the extent to which these effects are modified by age or tamoxifen use, can be assessed by an updated meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised trials.
265. Blood cholesterol and vascular mortality by age, sex, and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of individual data from 61 prospective studies with 55,000 vascular deaths.
作者: .;Sarah Lewington.;Gary Whitlock.;Robert Clarke.;Paul Sherliker.;Jonathan Emberson.;Jim Halsey.;Nawab Qizilbash.;Richard Peto.;Rory Collins.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9602期1829-39页
Age, sex, and blood pressure could modify the associations of total cholesterol (and its main two fractions, HDL and LDL cholesterol) with vascular mortality. This meta-analysis combined prospective studies of vascular mortality that recorded both blood pressure and total cholesterol at baseline, to determine the joint relevance of these two risk factors.
266. Efficacy and safety of the weight-loss drug rimonabant: a meta-analysis of randomised trials.
作者: Robin Christensen.;Pernelle Kruse Kristensen.;Else Marie Bartels.;Henning Bliddal.;Arne Astrup.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9600期1706-13页
Since the prevalence of obesity continues to increase, there is a demand for effective and safe anti-obesity agents that can produce and maintain weight loss and improve comorbidity. We did a meta-analysis of all published randomised controlled trials to assess the efficacy and safety of the newly approved anti-obesity agent rimonabant.
267. Congestive heart failure and cardiovascular death in patients with prediabetes and type 2 diabetes given thiazolidinediones: a meta-analysis of randomised clinical trials.
The overall clinical benefit of thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as a treatment for hyperglycaemia can be difficult to assess because of the risk of congestive heart failure due to TZD-related fluid retention. Since prediabetic and diabetic patients are at high cardiovascular risk, the outcome and natural history of such risks need to be better understood. We aimed to examine the risk of congestive heart failure and of cardiac death in patients given TZDs.
268. Outcomes associated with drug-eluting and bare-metal stents: a collaborative network meta-analysis.
作者: Christoph Stettler.;Simon Wandel.;Sabin Allemann.;Adnan Kastrati.;Marie Claude Morice.;Albert Schömig.;Matthias E Pfisterer.;Gregg W Stone.;Martin B Leon.;José Suarez de Lezo.;Jean-Jacques Goy.;Seung-Jung Park.;Manel Sabaté.;Maarten J Suttorp.;Henning Kelbaek.;Christian Spaulding.;Maurizio Menichelli.;Paul Vermeersch.;Maurits T Dirksen.;Pavel Cervinka.;Anna Sonia Petronio.;Alain J Nordmann.;Peter Diem.;Bernhard Meier.;Marcel Zwahlen.;Stephan Reichenbach.;Sven Trelle.;Stephan Windecker.;Peter Jüni.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9591期937-48页
Whether the two drug-eluting stents approved by the US Food and Drug Administration-a sirolimus-eluting stent and a paclitaxel-eluting stent-are associated with increased risks of death, myocardial infarction, or stent thrombosis compared with bare-metal stents is uncertain. Our aim was to compare the safety and effectiveness of these stents.
269. Use of calcium or calcium in combination with vitamin D supplementation to prevent fractures and bone loss in people aged 50 years and older: a meta-analysis.
作者: Benjamin M P Tang.;Guy D Eslick.;Caryl Nowson.;Caroline Smith.;Alan Bensoussan.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9588期657-66页
Whether calcium supplementation can reduce osteoporotic fractures is uncertain. We did a meta-analysis to include all the randomised trials in which calcium, or calcium in combination with vitamin D, was used to prevent fracture and osteoporotic bone loss.
270. Incidence of cancers in people with HIV/AIDS compared with immunosuppressed transplant recipients: a meta-analysis.
作者: Andrew E Grulich.;Marina T van Leeuwen.;Michael O Falster.;Claire M Vajdic.
来源: Lancet. 2007年370卷9581期59-67页
Only a few types of cancer are recognised as being directly related to immune deficiency in people with HIV/AIDS. Large population-based studies in transplant recipients have shown that a wider range of cancers could be associated with immune deficiency. Our aim was to compare cancer incidence in population-based cohort studies of people with HIV/AIDS and people immunosuppressed after solid organ transplantation.
271. Efficacy of folic acid supplementation in stroke prevention: a meta-analysis.
作者: Xiaobin Wang.;Xianhui Qin.;Hakan Demirtas.;Jianping Li.;Guangyun Mao.;Yong Huo.;Ningling Sun.;Lisheng Liu.;Xiping Xu.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9576期1876-1882页
The efficacy of treatments that lower homocysteine concentrations in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease remains controversial. Our aim was to do a meta-analysis of relevant randomised trials to assess the efficacy of folic acid supplementation in the prevention of stroke.
272. Use of luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone agonists as adjuvant treatment in premenopausal patients with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomised adjuvant trials.
作者: .;J Cuzick.;L Ambroisine.;N Davidson.;R Jakesz.;M Kaufmann.;M Regan.;R Sainsbury.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9574期1711-23页
Several trials have been done to assess treatment of premenopausal breast cancer with luteinising-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists, but results have been inconclusive, especially for patients with hormone-receptor-positive cancer.
273. Antiplatelet agents for prevention of pre-eclampsia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.
作者: Lisa M Askie.;Lelia Duley.;David J Henderson-Smart.;Lesley A Stewart.; .
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9575期1791-1798页
Pre-eclampsia is a major cause of mortality and morbidity during pregnancy and childbirth. Antiplatelet agents, especially low-dose aspirin, might prevent or delay pre-eclampsia, and thereby improve outcome. Our aim was to assess the use of antiplatelet agents for the primary prevention of pre-eclampsia, and to explore which women are likely to benefit most.
274. Assessment of upper gastrointestinal safety of etoricoxib and diclofenac in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in the Multinational Etoricoxib and Diclofenac Arthritis Long-term (MEDAL) programme: a randomised comparison.
作者: Loren Laine.;Sean P Curtis.;Byron Cryer.;Amarjot Kaur.;Christopher P Cannon.; .
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9560期465-73页
Upper gastrointestinal safety of cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 selective inhibitors versus traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has not been assessed in trials that simulate standard clinical practice. Our aim was to assess the effects of these drugs on gastrointestinal outcomes in a population that includes patients taking gastrointestinal protective therapy.
275. Mortality and target haemoglobin concentrations in anaemic patients with chronic kidney disease treated with erythropoietin: a meta-analysis.
作者: Arintaya Phrommintikul.;Steven Joseph Haas.;Maros Elsik.;Henry Krum.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9559期381-8页
Recombinant human erythropoietin is commonly used for treatment of anaemia. Our aim was to determine whether targeting different haemoglobin concentrations with such treatment is associated with altered all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events in patients with anaemia caused by chronic kidney disease.
276. Incident diabetes in clinical trials of antihypertensive drugs: a network meta-analysis.
The effect of different classes of antihypertensive drugs on incident diabetes mellitus is controversial because traditional meta-analyses are hindered by heterogeneity across trials and the absence of trials comparing angiotensin-converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors with angiotensin-receptor blockers (ARB). We therefore undertook a network meta-analysis, which accounts for both direct and indirect comparisons to assess the effects of antihypertensive agents on incident diabetes.
277. Effectiveness of prenatal treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis: a meta-analysis of individual patients' data.
作者: .;Rodolphe Thiébaut.;Sandy Leproust.;Geneviève Chêne.;Ruth Gilbert.
来源: Lancet. 2007年369卷9556期115-22页
Despite three decades of prenatal screening for congenital toxoplasmosis in some European countries, uncertainty remains about the effectiveness of prenatal treatment.
278. Initial highly-active antiretroviral therapy with a protease inhibitor versus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor: discrepancies between direct and indirect meta-analyses.
作者: Roger Chou.;Rongwei Fu.;Laurie Hoyt Huffman.;P Todd Korthuis.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9546期1503-15页
The optimum treatment choice between initial highly-active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) with a protease inhibitor (PI) versus a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) is uncertain. An indirect analysis reported that PI-based HAART was better than NNRTI-based HAART. However, direct evidence for competing interventions is deemed more reliable than indirect evidence for making treatment decisions. We did a meta-analysis of head-to-head trials and compared the results with those of indirect analyses.
279. Antibiotics for acute otitis media: a meta-analysis with individual patient data.
作者: Maroeska M Rovers.;Paul Glasziou.;Cees L Appelman.;Peter Burke.;David P McCormick.;Roger A Damoiseaux.;Isabelle Gaboury.;Paul Little.;Arno W Hoes.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9545期1429-35页
Individual trials to test effectiveness of antibiotics in children with acute otitis media have been too small for valid subgroup analyses. We aimed to identify subgroups of children who would and would not benefit more than others from treatment with antibiotics.
280. Medical therapy to facilitate urinary stone passage: a meta-analysis.
作者: John M Hollingsworth.;Mary A M Rogers.;Samuel R Kaufman.;Timothy J Bradford.;Sanjay Saint.;John T Wei.;Brent K Hollenbeck.
来源: Lancet. 2006年368卷9542期1171-9页
Medical therapies to ease urinary-stone passage have been reported, but are not generally used. If effective, such therapies would increase the options for treatment of urinary stones. To assess efficacy, we sought to identify and summarise all randomised controlled trials in which calcium-channel blockers or alpha blockers were used to treat urinary stone disease.
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