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261. Treatment of depression in patients with alcohol or other drug dependence: a meta-analysis.
Depression and substance abuse are common and costly disorders that frequently co-occur, but controversy about effective treatment for patients with both disorders persists.
262. Commonly used types of postmenopausal estrogen for treatment of hot flashes: scientific review.
Recommendations for postmenopausal hormone therapy have changed since the Women's Health Initiative indicated that estrogen was harmful for use in disease prevention; however, treatment of menopausal symptoms with low-dose estrogen remains an approved indication for use.
263. Comprehensive discharge planning with postdischarge support for older patients with congestive heart failure: a meta-analysis.
作者: Christopher O Phillips.;Scott M Wright.;David E Kern.;Ramesh M Singa.;Sasha Shepperd.;Haya R Rubin.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷11期1358-67页
Comprehensive discharge planning plus postdischarge support may reduce readmission rates for older patients with congestive heart failure (CHF).
264. Is this patient dead, vegetative, or severely neurologically impaired? Assessing outcome for comatose survivors of cardiac arrest.
作者: Christopher M Booth.;Robert H Boone.;George Tomlinson.;Allan S Detsky.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷7期870-9页
Most survivors of cardiac arrest are comatose after resuscitation, and meaningful neurological recovery occurs in a small proportion of cases. Treatment can be lengthy, expensive, and often difficult for families and caregivers. Physical examination is potentially useful in this clinical scenario, and the information obtained may help physicians and families make accurate decisions about treatment and/or withdrawal of care.
265. Arterial puncture closing devices compared with standard manual compression after cardiac catheterization: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Maria Koreny.;Eva Riedmüller.;Mariam Nikfardjam.;Peter Siostrzonek.;Marcus Müllner.
来源: JAMA. 2004年291卷3期350-7页
Arterial puncture closing devices (APCDs) were developed to replace standard compression at the puncture site and to shorten bed rest following percutaneous coronary intervention.
266. Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a meta-analysis.
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatment for knee osteoarthritis (OA); however, its efficacy is controversial.
267. Efficacy of postoperative epidural analgesia: a meta-analysis.
作者: Brian M Block.;Spencer S Liu.;Andrew J Rowlingson.;Anne R Cowan.;John A Cowan.;Christopher L Wu.
来源: JAMA. 2003年290卷18期2455-63页
Whether epidural analgesia is a better method than parenteral opioids for postoperative pain control remains controversial.
268. Contemporary management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: scientific review.
The care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has changed radically over the past 2 decades, and novel therapies can not only improve the health status of patients with COPD but also modify its natural course.
269. Long-term renal prognosis of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression.
作者: Amit X Garg.;Rita S Suri.;Nick Barrowman.;Faisal Rehman.;Doug Matsell.;M Patricia Rosas-Arellano.;Marina Salvadori.;R Brian Haynes.;William F Clark.
来源: JAMA. 2003年290卷10期1360-70页
The long-term renal prognosis of patients with diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) remains controversial.
270. Health outcomes associated with various antihypertensive therapies used as first-line agents: a network meta-analysis.
作者: Bruce M Psaty.;Thomas Lumley.;Curt D Furberg.;Gina Schellenbaum.;Marco Pahor.;Michael H Alderman.;Noel S Weiss.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷19期2534-44页
Establishing relative benefit or harm from specific antihypertensive agents is limited by the complex array of studies that compare treatments. Network meta-analysis combines direct and indirect evidence to better define risk or benefit.
271. Decreased beta-amyloid1-42 and increased tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Alzheimer disease.
作者: Trey Sunderland.;Gary Linker.;Nadeem Mirza.;Karen T Putnam.;David L Friedman.;Lida H Kimmel.;Judy Bergeson.;Guy J Manetti.;Matthew Zimmermann.;Brian Tang.;John J Bartko.;Robert M Cohen.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷16期2094-103页
Alzheimer disease (AD) is characterized by pathological results at autopsy of amyloid plaques and tau-associated neurofibrillary tangles, but the clinical diagnosis of AD is determined on the basis of medical history, cognitive symptoms, and exclusionary criteria. The search for antemortem biomarkers is intense and has focused on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-amyloid1-42 and tau proteins.
272. Efficacy and safety of ephedra and ephedrine for weight loss and athletic performance: a meta-analysis.
作者: Paul G Shekelle.;Mary L Hardy.;Sally C Morton.;Margaret Maglione.;Walter A Mojica.;Marika J Suttorp.;Shannon L Rhodes.;Lara Jungvig.;James Gagné.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷12期1537-45页
Ephedra and ephedrine sometimes are used for weight loss or enhanced athletic performance, but the efficacy and safety of these compounds are uncertain.
273. Cardiac resynchronization and death from progressive heart failure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
作者: David J Bradley.;Elizabeth A Bradley.;Kenneth L Baughman.;Ronald D Berger.;Hugh Calkins.;Steven N Goodman.;David A Kass.;Neil R Powe.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷6期730-40页
Progressive heart failure is the most common mechanism of death among patients with advanced heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization, a pacemaker-based therapy for heart failure, enhances cardiac performance and quality of life, but its effect on mortality is uncertain.
274. Alcohol consumption and risk of stroke: a meta-analysis.
作者: Kristi Reynolds.;Brian Lewis.;John David L Nolen.;Gregory L Kinney.;Bhavani Sathya.;Jiang He.
来源: JAMA. 2003年289卷5期579-88页
Observational studies suggest that heavy alcohol consumption may increase the risk of stroke while moderate consumption may decrease the risk.
275. Efficacy of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of neuropsychiatric symptoms and functional impairment in Alzheimer disease: a meta-analysis.
Cholinesterase inhibitors are the primary treatment for the cognitive symptoms of Alzheimer disease (AD). Cholinergic dysfunction is also associated with neuropsychiatric and functional deficits, but results from randomized controlled trials of cholinesterase inhibitors are conflicting.
276. Comparison of mortality between private for-profit and private not-for-profit hemodialysis centers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: P J Devereaux.;Holger J Schünemann.;Nikila Ravindran.;Mohit Bhandari.;Amit X Garg.;Peter T-L Choi.;Brydon J B Grant.;Ted Haines.;Christina Lacchetti.;Bruce Weaver.;John N Lavis.;Deborah J Cook.;David R S Haslam.;Terrence Sullivan.;Gordon H Guyatt.
来源: JAMA. 2002年288卷19期2449-57页
Private for-profit and private not-for-profit dialysis facilities provide the majority of hemodialysis care in the United States. There has been extensive debate about whether the profit status of these facilities influences patient mortality.
277. Oral anticoagulants vs aspirin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: an individual patient meta-analysis.
作者: Carl van Walraven.;Robert G Hart.;Daniel E Singer.;Andreas Laupacis.;Stuart Connolly.;Palle Petersen.;Peter J Koudstaal.;Yuchiao Chang.;Beppie Hellemons.
来源: JAMA. 2002年288卷19期2441-8页
Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) have an increased risk of stroke and other vascular events.
278. Homocysteine and risk of ischemic heart disease and stroke: a meta-analysis.
It has been suggested that total blood homocysteine concentrations are associated with the risk of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke.
279. MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis.
作者: Mariska Klerk.;Petra Verhoef.;Robert Clarke.;Henk J Blom.;Frans J Kok.;Evert G Schouten.; .
来源: JAMA. 2002年288卷16期2023-31页
In observational studies, individuals with elevated levels of plasma homocysteine tend to have moderately increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). The MTHFR 677C-->T polymorphism is a genetic alteration in an enzyme involved in folate metabolism that causes elevated homocysteine concentrations, but its relevance to risk of CHD is uncertain.
280. Risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome after antibiotic treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 enteritis: a meta-analysis.
The use of antibiotics for treatment of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection has become controversial since a recent small study found that it may increase the risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). However, other larger studies have reported a protective effect or no association.
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