This review aims to explore the potential of Indonesian medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for breast cancer in in vitro studies.

Osteosarcoma is an aggressive bone cancer primarily affecting children and adolescents, with low survival rates in advanced stages. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following PRISMA guidelines to evaluate the impact of ICIs on survival and toxicity in advanced osteosarcoma. ICIs show potential in treating advanced osteosarcoma but are associated with significant toxicity and uncertain survival benefits. Further research is needed to define their role and identify biomarkers for predicting response. Close monitoring for adverse events is essential.

Traditional medicinal plants have been used for generations across African communities to manage cancer-related symptoms. This review aims to compile and evaluate documented species with potential anticancer relevance to support future ethnopharmacological research.

In premenopausal women with breast cancer, chemotherapy often leads to amenorrhea that could be temporary or permanent. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a potential biomarker predicting resumption of ovarian function, an outcome that aids in the decision making for endocrine therapy. This study aimed to determine the predictive value of pre-chemotherapy AMH levels for resumption of ovarian function.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly advanced cancer treatment, especially in improving survival rates for patients with various malignancies such as melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and renal cell carcinoma. Despite their therapeutic promise, ICIs carry the risk of immune-related adverse events, with cardiotoxicity emerging as a notable concern. This umbrella review aims to critically evaluate the diverse data from published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, to provide a cohesive overview of ICI-associated cardiotoxicity across different cancer types and treatment regimens.

Purpurin, a naturally occurring anthraquinone pigment, has gained attention for its promising anticancer properties. This systematic-narrative hybrid review summarises current preclinical evidence on its mechanisms of action, pharmacology, and translational potential. Literature searches were conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar up to June 2025. Purpurin demonstrates selective cytotoxicity across multiple cancer models through redox imbalance, mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibition of PI3K/AKT signalling, and upregulation of the tumour suppressor LHPP. It also interferes with amino acid and glutamine metabolism and suppresses oncogenic protein aggregation. As a photosensitiser, purpurin enhances photodynamic therapy through light-activated ROS generation. Despite these promising mechanistic insights, its clinical applicability remains limited by poor aqueous solubility, rapid metabolism, and insufficient pharmacokinetic and toxicological data. Early in vivo studies indicate favourable safety, and emerging nanoparticle-based delivery systems show potential to improve bioavailability and tumour targeting. Collectively, current findings highlight purpurin as a compelling candidate for further development in oncology, particularly as part of combination or photo-enhanced therapeutic approaches. Continued research is required to address existing pharmacological gaps and to evaluate purpurin in clinically relevant models.

Lenvatinib, an effective targeted drug for various cancers, has clinical medication safety concerns due to its toxicities and side effects.

Combined modality treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy is a crucial therapeutic approach for lung cancer. However, controversies still exist regarding radiation doses, treatment regimens, and the risk of pneumonitis. This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive meta-analysis and in-depth subgroup analyses based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy to assess whether its combination with immunotherapy is effective and safe.

BACKGROUND: The adoption of immune checkpoint inhibitors in combination with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and/or local therapy, including transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (HAIC), has been utilized as neoadjuvant or conversion therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the efficacy of different combinations in terms of conversion or neoadjuvant therapy varies. METHODS: We conducted a single-group rate meta-analysis to determine the conversion rate or resection rate, tumor response, and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the therapeutic combinations. The tumor response and adverse events were also evaluated. The prognosis of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery and surgery alone was also compared by evaluating HR and its 95%CI. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies were included, with thirty-six studies involving 3497 patients focusing on conversion therapy and the remaining thirteen involving 569 patients focusing on neoadjuvant therapy. The meta-analysis revealed a conversion rate of 0.23 (95% CI: 0.18–0.29). Subgroup analyses based on different treatments revealed a conversion rate of patients receiving is the combination of ICIs, TKIs, and TACE or HAIC about 30%, while the conversion rate of patients receiving T + A is about 4%. When evaluated by modified Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors (mRECIST), the objective response rate (ORR) is 0.62 (95% CI: 0.56–0.67), the disease control rate is 0.87 (95% CI: 0.84–0.90). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) and severe AEs is 0.95 (95% CI: 0.92–0.98) and 0.39 (95% CI: 0.32–0.46), respectively. The meta-analysis revealed a resection rate of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.85–0.90). The OS and RFS of patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery is similar to those receiving surgery alone. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a comprehensive summary of the current evidence regarding the success rates of conversion therapy, including comparisons between different treatment regimens and associated adverse effects. Additionally, we present findings on the role and side effects of neoadjuvant therapy in resectable HCC.

To investigate the incidence of Infusion-Related Reactions (IRRs) among cancer patients receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) and immune-based combinations.

Gastrointestinal cancers (GICs) constitute one of the leading causes of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite currently available therapeutic strategies, new approaches and procedures are needed for their prevention and treatment. In this context, bacterial pigments are compounds with diverse biological activities, including anticancer properties. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the in vitro antitumor activity of pigments derived from bacteria against GICs. A total of 350 articles published between January 2015 and January 2025 were identified from three electronic databases, although only 27 were finally selected after following established inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results showed that prodigiosin was the most frequently studied bacterial pigment, followed by phycocyanin and violacein, whereas colorectal and liver cancers were the most common types of GICs in which these pigments were tested. In addition, these in vitro studies reflected the mechanisms of action responsible for the antiproliferative activity of bacterial pigments, including cell cycle arrest, apoptosis induction, autophagy modulation, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, the great ability of bacteria to produce pigments provides a potentially valuable source of novel candidate compounds for cancer therapy, but further studies in this field will be necessary to prove their value as antitumor agents.

Previous meta-analyses have assessed the benefits and safety profile of immune checkpoint inhibitors in hepatocellular carcinoma patients. This meta-analysis provides an updated synthesis by incorporating the newly published studies and previous studies with the revised data.

To evaluate the risk of oral mucositis in cetuximab-plus-radiotherapy compared to cisplatin-plus-radiotherapy in head and neck cancer patients.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world, and a high-fat diet is associated with the development of digestive cancers. Traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure trove of natural products (NPs) with anticancer effects.

What are the cognitive, functional and affective characteristics of brain fog in individuals with long covid and following chemotherapy, and how are these features assessed across studies?

To present a case of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) following atezolizumab and bevacizumab therapy and systematically review the literature on immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-associated antibody-mediated central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating diseases.

Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and its ligand (PD-L1) are crucial in cancer immune evasion and in modulating neuroinflammation. Although PD-1/PD-L1 signaling is believed to modulate immune and neuronal responses, its role in AD pathophysiology remains unclear, with existing studies reporting inconsistent findings.

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is an angioproliferative tumor induced by human gammaherpesvirus 8 (HHV-8). For years, cytotoxic chemotherapy was the primary treatment for advanced KS, despite high toxicity and limited efficacy. Immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, has emerged as a promising option with antitumor activity and a favorable safety profile. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate its efficacy and safety in KS. A systematic search in Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science identified single-arm trials on PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in KS. Outcomes were expressed as proportions with 95% CIs, heterogeneity assessed using I ², and significance set at P <0.05. Analyses were performed in RStudio 4.4.1. Five studies with 91 patients were included. Prior treatments included chemotherapy (35.0%), radiotherapy (22.3%), and interferon (9.2%). The pooled objective response rate (ORR) was 61% (95% CI: 49-72; I ²=16%), with 17% achieving complete response (CR) (95% CI: 8-31; I ²=0%), and the disease control rate (DCR) was 91% (95% CI: 81-96; I ²=0%). The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were pruritus (42%; 95% CI: 16-73; I ²=74%), fatigue (27%; 95% CI: 8-60; I ²=67%), and arthralgia (14%; 95% CI: 5-37; I ²=60%). This meta-analysis supports the antitumor activity of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in KS. Despite high AE rates, most were clinically manageable.

Presurgical molecular therapy (PMT) including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) showed various outcomes for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with tumor thrombus (TT). We aimed to evaluate the impact of PMT on Mayo level or TT height and the treatment-related adverse events (AEs).

Treatment of transplant-ineligible newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (TIE-NDMM) remains challenging due to age, frailty, and comorbidities. Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies, particularly daratumumab, have emerged as promising additions to frontline regimens. However, the long-term outcomes of these therapies are still uncertain. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to compare the survival outcome of anti-CD38 antibodies in TIE-NDMM patients.