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241. Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Review.
作者: Marc D Samsky.;David A Morrow.;Alastair G Proudfoot.;Judith S Hochman.;Holger Thiele.;Sunil V Rao.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷18期1840-1850页
Cardiogenic shock affects between 40 000 and 50 000 people in the US per year and is the leading cause of in-hospital mortality following acute myocardial infarction.
242. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology Using Mendelian Randomization: The STROBE-MR Statement.
作者: Veronika W Skrivankova.;Rebecca C Richmond.;Benjamin A R Woolf.;James Yarmolinsky.;Neil M Davies.;Sonja A Swanson.;Tyler J VanderWeele.;Julian P T Higgins.;Nicholas J Timpson.;Niki Dimou.;Claudia Langenberg.;Robert M Golub.;Elizabeth W Loder.;Valentina Gallo.;Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen.;George Davey Smith.;Matthias Egger.;J Brent Richards.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷16期1614-1621页
Mendelian randomization (MR) studies use genetic variation associated with modifiable exposures to assess their possible causal relationship with outcomes and aim to reduce potential bias from confounding and reverse causation.
244. Eosinophilic Esophagitis: A Review.
Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the esophagus that affects an estimated 34.4/100 000 people in Europe and North America. EoE affects both children and adults, and causes dysphagia, food impaction of the esophagus, and esophageal strictures.
245. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jillian T Henderson.;Kimberly K Vesco.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Rachel G Thomas.;Nadia Redmond.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷12期1192-1206页
Preeclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy that poses serious maternal and infant health risks. Previous systematic reviews have established benefits of low-dose aspirin taken during pregnancy to prevent preeclampsia and its sequelae.
246. Aspirin Use to Prevent Preeclampsia and Related Morbidity and Mortality: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;Melissa A Simon.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷12期1186-1191页
Preeclampsia is one of the most serious health problems that affect pregnant persons. It is a complication in approximately 4% of pregnancies in the US and contributes to both maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Preeclampsia also accounts for 6% of preterm births and 19% of medically indicated preterm births in the US. There are racial and ethnic disparities in the prevalence of and mortality from preeclampsia. Non-Hispanic Black women are at greater risk for developing preeclampsia than other women and experience higher rates of maternal and infant morbidity and perinatal mortality.
247. Pancreatic Cancer: A Review.
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a relatively uncommon cancer, with approximately 60 430 new diagnoses expected in 2021 in the US. The incidence of PDAC is increasing by 0.5% to 1.0% per year, and it is projected to become the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality by 2030.
248. A Guideline for Reporting Mediation Analyses of Randomized Trials and Observational Studies: The AGReMA Statement.
作者: Hopin Lee.;Aidan G Cashin.;Sarah E Lamb.;Sally Hopewell.;Stijn Vansteelandt.;Tyler J VanderWeele.;David P MacKinnon.;Gemma Mansell.;Gary S Collins.;Robert M Golub.;James H McAuley.; .;A Russell Localio.;Ludo van Amelsvoort.;Eliseo Guallar.;Judith Rijnhart.;Kimberley Goldsmith.;Amanda J Fairchild.;Cara C Lewis.;Steven J Kamper.;Christopher M Williams.;Nicholas Henschke.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷11期1045-1056页
Mediation analyses of randomized trials and observational studies can generate evidence about the mechanisms by which interventions and exposures may influence health outcomes. Publications of mediation analyses are increasing, but the quality of their reporting is suboptimal.
249. Screening for Chlamydial and Gonococcal Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy Cantor.;Tracy Dana.;Jessica C Griffin.;Heidi D Nelson.;Chandler Weeks.;Kevin L Winthrop.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷10期957-966页
The 2014 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation statement supported the effectiveness of screening for chlamydia and gonorrhea in asymptomatic, sexually active women 24 years or younger and in older women at increased risk for infection, although evidence for screening in men was insufficient.
250. Screening and Interventions for Social Risk Factors: Technical Brief to Support the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Michelle Eder.;Michelle Henninger.;Shauna Durbin.;Megan O Iacocca.;Allea Martin.;Laura M Gottlieb.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷14期1416-1428页
Evidence-based guidance is limited on how clinicians should screen for social risk factors and which interventions related to these risk factors improve health outcomes.
251. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Karen Crotty.;Jonathan D Y Yun.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Cynthia Feltner.;Sian Taylor-Phillips.;Colleen Barclay.;Andrea Dotson.;Claire Baker.;Casey P Balio.;Christiane E Voisin.;Russell P Harris.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷8期744-760页
Type 2 diabetes is common and is a leading cause of morbidity and disability.
252. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Alex H Krist.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Douglas K Owens.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷8期736-743页
An estimated 13% of all US adults (18 years or older) have diabetes, and 34.5% meet criteria for prediabetes. The prevalences of prediabetes and diabetes are higher in older adults. Estimates of the risk of progression from prediabetes to diabetes vary widely, perhaps because of differences in the definition of prediabetes or the heterogeneity of prediabetes. Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney failure and new cases of blindness among adults in the US. It is also associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and was estimated to be the seventh leading cause of death in the US in 2017. Screening asymptomatic adults for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes may allow earlier detection, diagnosis, and treatment, with the ultimate goal of improving health outcomes.
253. Screening for Gestational Diabetes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jennifer Pillay.;Lois Donovan.;Samantha Guitard.;Bernadette Zakher.;Michelle Gates.;Allison Gates.;Ben Vandermeer.;Christina Bougatsos.;Roger Chou.;Lisa Hartling.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷6期539-562页
Gestational diabetes is associated with several poor health outcomes.
254. Screening for Gestational Diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Karina W Davidson.;Michael J Barry.;Carol M Mangione.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Chyke A Doubeni.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷6期531-538页
Gestational diabetes is diabetes that develops during pregnancy. Prevalence of gestational diabetes in the US has been estimated at 5.8% to 9.2%, based on traditional diagnostic criteria, although it may be higher if more inclusive criteria are used. Pregnant persons with gestational diabetes are at increased risk for maternal and fetal complications, including preeclampsia, fetal macrosomia (which can cause shoulder dystocia and birth injury), and neonatal hypoglycemia. Gestational diabetes has also been associated with an increased risk of several long-term health outcomes in pregnant persons and intermediate outcomes in their offspring.
255. Does This Adult Patient Have Hypertension?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Anthony J Viera.;Yuichiro Yano.;Feng-Chang Lin.;David L Simel.;Jonathan Yun.;Gaurav Dave.;Ann Von Holle.;Laura A Viera.;Daichi Shimbo.;Shakia T Hardy.;Katrina E Donahue.;Alan Hinderliter.;Christiane E Voisin.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷4期339-347页
Office blood pressure (BP) measurements are not the most accurate method to diagnose hypertension. Home BP monitoring (HBPM) and 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) are out-of-office alternatives, and ABPM is considered the reference standard for BP assessment.
256. Use of Medications for Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder Among US Medicaid Enrollees in 11 States, 2014-2018.
作者: .;Julie M Donohue.;Marian P Jarlenski.;Joo Yeon Kim.;Lu Tang.;Katherine Ahrens.;Lindsay Allen.;Anna Austin.;Andrew J Barnes.;Marguerite Burns.;Chung-Chou H Chang.;Sarah Clark.;Evan Cole.;Dushka Crane.;Peter Cunningham.;David Idala.;Stefanie Junker.;Paul Lanier.;Rachel Mauk.;Mary Joan McDuffie.;Shamis Mohamoud.;Nathan Pauly.;Logan Sheets.;Jeffery Talbert.;Kara Zivin.;Adam J Gordon.;Susan Kennedy.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷2期154-164页
There is limited information about trends in the treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) among Medicaid enrollees.
257. Diagnosis and Treatment of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease: A Review.
Alcohol-associated liver disease results in cirrhosis in approximately 10% to 20% of patients. In 2017, more than 2 million people had alcohol-associated cirrhosis in the US. Alcohol-associated liver disease is the primary cause of liver-related mortality and the leading indication for liver transplant, representing 40% to 50% of all liver transplant in high-income countries.
258. Association Between Administration of IL-6 Antagonists and Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19: A Meta-analysis.
作者: .;Manu Shankar-Hari.;Claire L Vale.;Peter J Godolphin.;David Fisher.;Julian P T Higgins.;Francesca Spiga.;Jelena Savovic.;Jayne Tierney.;Gabriel Baron.;Julie S Benbenishty.;Lindsay R Berry.;Niklas Broman.;Alexandre Biasi Cavalcanti.;Roos Colman.;Stefanie L De Buyser.;Lennie P G Derde.;Pere Domingo.;Sharifah Faridah Omar.;Ana Fernandez-Cruz.;Thijs Feuth.;Felipe Garcia.;Rosario Garcia-Vicuna.;Isidoro Gonzalez-Alvaro.;Anthony C Gordon.;Richard Haynes.;Olivier Hermine.;Peter W Horby.;Nora K Horick.;Kuldeep Kumar.;Bart N Lambrecht.;Martin J Landray.;Lorna Leal.;David J Lederer.;Elizabeth Lorenzi.;Xavier Mariette.;Nicolas Merchante.;Nor Arisah Misnan.;Shalini V Mohan.;Michael C Nivens.;Jarmo Oksi.;Jose A Perez-Molina.;Reuven Pizov.;Raphael Porcher.;Simone Postma.;Reena Rajasuriar.;Athimalaipet V Ramanan.;Philippe Ravaud.;Pankti D Reid.;Abraham Rutgers.;Aranzazu Sancho-Lopez.;Todd B Seto.;Sumathi Sivapalasingam.;Arvinder Singh Soin.;Natalie Staplin.;John H Stone.;Garth W Strohbehn.;Jonas Sunden-Cullberg.;Julian Torre-Cisneros.;Larry W Tsai.;Hubert van Hoogstraten.;Tom van Meerten.;Viviane Cordeiro Veiga.;Peter E Westerweel.;Srinivas Murthy.;Janet V Diaz.;John C Marshall.;Jonathan A C Sterne.
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷6期499-518页
Clinical trials assessing the efficacy of IL-6 antagonists in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 have variously reported benefit, no effect, and harm.
259. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility: A Review.
In the US, approximately 12.7% of reproductive age women seek treatment for infertility each year. This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
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