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241. Budesonide and the risk of pneumonia: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.
作者: Don D Sin.;Donald Tashkin.;Xuekui Zhang.;Finn Radner.;Ulf Sjöbring.;Anders Thorén.;Peter M A Calverley.;Stephen I Rennard.
来源: Lancet. 2009年374卷9691期712-9页
Concern is continuing about increased risk of pneumonia in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who use inhaled corticosteroids. We aimed to establish the effects of inhaled budesonide on the risk of pneumonia in such patients.
242. Effect of tiotropium on outcomes in patients with moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (UPLIFT): a prespecified subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial.
作者: Marc Decramer.;Bartolome Celli.;Steven Kesten.;Theodore Lystig.;Sunil Mehra.;Donald P Tashkin.; .
来源: Lancet. 2009年374卷9696期1171-8页
The beneficial effects of pharmacotherapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are well established. However, there are few data for treatment in the early stages of the disease. We examined the effect of tiotropium on outcomes in a large subgroup of patients with moderate COPD.
243. Clinical diagnosis of depression in primary care: a meta-analysis.
Depression is a major burden for the health-care system worldwide. Most care for depression is delivered by general practitioners (GPs). We assessed the rate of true positives and negatives, and false positives and negatives in primary care when GPs make routine diagnoses of depression.
244. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy (STOPPIT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study and meta-analysis.
作者: Jane E Norman.;Fiona Mackenzie.;Philip Owen.;Helen Mactier.;Kevin Hanretty.;Sarah Cooper.;Andrew Calder.;Gary Mires.;Peter Danielian.;Stephen Sturgiss.;Graeme MacLennan.;Graham Tydeman.;Steven Thornton.;Bill Martin.;James G Thornton.;James P Neilson.;John Norrie.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9680期2034-40页
Women with twin pregnancy are at high risk for spontaneous preterm delivery. Progesterone seems to be effective in reducing preterm birth in selected high-risk singleton pregnancies, albeit with no significant reduction in perinatal mortality and little evidence of neonatal benefit. We investigated the use of progesterone for prevention of preterm birth in twin pregnancy.
245. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials.
作者: .;Colin Baigent.;Lisa Blackwell.;Rory Collins.;Jonathan Emberson.;Jon Godwin.;Richard Peto.;Julie Buring.;Charles Hennekens.;Patricia Kearney.;Tom Meade.;Carlo Patrono.;Maria Carla Roncaglioni.;Alberto Zanchetti.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9678期1849-60页
Low-dose aspirin is of definite and substantial net benefit for many people who already have occlusive vascular disease. We have assessed the benefits and risks in primary prevention.
246. Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Leanne Bellamy.;Juan-Pablo Casas.;Aroon D Hingorani.;David Williams.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9677期1773-9页
Women with gestational diabetes are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but the risk and time of onset have not been fully quantified. We therefore did a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the strength of association between these conditions and the effect of factors that might modify the risk.
247. Effect of intensive control of glucose on cardiovascular outcomes and death in patients with diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
作者: Kausik K Ray.;Sreenivasa Rao Kondapally Seshasai.;Shanelle Wijesuriya.;Rupa Sivakumaran.;Sarah Nethercott.;David Preiss.;Sebhat Erqou.;Naveed Sattar.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9677期1765-72页
Whether intensive control of glucose reduces macrovascular events and all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is unclear. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to determine whether intensive treatment is beneficial.
248. Recombinant human erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and mortality in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis of randomised trials.
作者: Julia Bohlius.;Kurt Schmidlin.;Corinne Brillant.;Guido Schwarzer.;Sven Trelle.;Jerome Seidenfeld.;Marcel Zwahlen.;Michael Clarke.;Olaf Weingart.;Sabine Kluge.;Margaret Piper.;Dirk Rades.;David P Steensma.;Benjamin Djulbegovic.;Martin F Fey.;Isabelle Ray-Coquard.;Mitchell Machtay.;Volker Moebus.;Gillian Thomas.;Michael Untch.;Martin Schumacher.;Matthias Egger.;Andreas Engert.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9674期1532-42页
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents reduce anaemia in patients with cancer and could improve their quality of life, but these drugs might increase mortality. We therefore did a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials in which these drugs plus red blood cell transfusions were compared with transfusion alone for prophylaxis or treatment of anaemia in patients with cancer.
249. Coronary artery bypass surgery compared with percutaneous coronary interventions for multivessel disease: a collaborative analysis of individual patient data from ten randomised trials.
作者: Mark A Hlatky.;Derek B Boothroyd.;Dena M Bravata.;Eric Boersma.;Jean Booth.;Maria M Brooks.;Didier Carrié.;Tim C Clayton.;Nicolas Danchin.;Marcus Flather.;Christian W Hamm.;Whady A Hueb.;Jan Kähler.;Sheryl F Kelsey.;Spencer B King.;Andrzej S Kosinski.;Neuza Lopes.;Kathryn M McDonald.;Alfredo Rodriguez.;Patrick Serruys.;Ulrich Sigwart.;Rodney H Stables.;Douglas K Owens.;Stuart J Pocock.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9670期1190-7页
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are alternative treatments for multivessel coronary disease. Although the procedures have been compared in several randomised trials, their long-term effects on mortality in key clinical subgroups are uncertain. We undertook a collaborative analysis of data from randomised trials to assess whether the effects of the procedures on mortality are modified by patient characteristics.
250. Percutaneous coronary interventions for non-acute coronary artery disease: a quantitative 20-year synopsis and a network meta-analysis.
作者: Thomas A Trikalinos.;Alawi A Alsheikh-Ali.;Athina Tatsioni.;Brahmajee K Nallamothu.;David M Kent.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9667期911-8页
Over the past 20 years, percutaneous transluminal balloon coronary angioplasty (PTCA), bare-metal stents (BMS), and drug-eluting stents (DES) succeeded each other as catheter-based treatments for coronary artery disease. We undertook a systematic overview of randomised trials comparing these interventions with each other and with medical therapy in patients with non-acute coronary artery disease.
251. Effect of lowering blood pressure on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients on dialysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
作者: Hiddo J Lambers Heerspink.;Toshiharu Ninomiya.;Sophia Zoungas.;Dick de Zeeuw.;Diederick E Grobbee.;Meg J Jardine.;Martin Gallagher.;Matthew A Roberts.;Alan Cass.;Bruce Neal.;Vlado Perkovic.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9668期1009-15页
Patients undergoing dialysis have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Although several trials have shown the cardiovascular benefits of lowering blood pressure in the general population, there is uncertainty about the efficacy and tolerability of reducing blood pressure in patients on dialysis. We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the effect of blood pressure lowering in patients on dialysis.
252. Imaging strategies for low-back pain: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Some clinicians do lumbar imaging routinely or in the absence of historical or clinical features suggestive of serious low-back problems. We investigated the effects of routine, immediate lumbar imaging versus usual clinical care without immediate imaging on clinical outcomes in patients with low-back pain and no indication of serious underlying conditions.
253. Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 12 new-generation antidepressants: a multiple-treatments meta-analysis.
作者: Andrea Cipriani.;Toshiaki A Furukawa.;Georgia Salanti.;John R Geddes.;Julian Pt Higgins.;Rachel Churchill.;Norio Watanabe.;Atsuo Nakagawa.;Ichiro M Omori.;Hugh McGuire.;Michele Tansella.;Corrado Barbui.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9665期746-58页
Conventional meta-analyses have shown inconsistent results for efficacy of second-generation antidepressants. We therefore did a multiple-treatments meta-analysis, which accounts for both direct and indirect comparisons, to assess the effects of 12 new-generation antidepressants on major depression.
254. Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer (MRC ASTEC and NCIC CTG EN.5 randomised trials): pooled trial results, systematic review, and meta-analysis.
作者: .;P Blake.;Ann Marie Swart.;J Orton.;H Kitchener.;T Whelan.;H Lukka.;E Eisenhauer.;M Bacon.;D Tu.;M K B Parmar.;C Amos.;C Murray.;W Qian.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9658期137-46页
Early endometrial cancer with low-risk pathological features can be successfully treated by surgery alone. External beam radiotherapy added to surgery has been investigated in several small trials, which have mainly included women at intermediate risk of recurrence. In these trials, postoperative radiotherapy has been shown to reduce the risk of isolated local recurrence but there is no evidence that it improves recurrence-free or overall survival. We report the findings from the ASTEC and EN.5 trials, which investigated adjuvant external beam radiotherapy in women with early-stage disease and pathological features suggestive of intermediate or high risk of recurrence and death from endometrial cancer.
255. Second-generation versus first-generation antipsychotic drugs for schizophrenia: a meta-analysis.
作者: Stefan Leucht.;Caroline Corves.;Dieter Arbter.;Rolf R Engel.;Chunbo Li.;John M Davis.
来源: Lancet. 2009年373卷9657期31-41页
Because of the debate about whether second-generation antipsychotic drugs are better than first-generation antipsychotic drugs, we did a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials to compare the effects of these two types of drugs in patients with schizophrenia.
256. Perioperative beta blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis.
作者: Sripal Bangalore.;Jørn Wetterslev.;Shruthi Pranesh.;Sabrina Sawhney.;Christian Gluud.;Franz H Messerli.
来源: Lancet. 2008年372卷9654期1962-76页
American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association (ACC/AHA) guidelines on perioperative assessment recommend perioperative beta blockers for non-cardiac surgery, although results of some clinical trials seem not to support this recommendation. We aimed to critically review the evidence to assess the use of perioperative beta blockers in patients having non-cardiac surgery.
257. Carotid bruits as a prognostic indicator of cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.
作者: Christopher A Pickett.;Jeffrey L Jackson.;Brian A Hemann.;J Edwin Atwood.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9624期1587-94页
Although carotid bruits are deemed to be markers of generalised atherosclerosis, they are poor predictors of cerebrovascular events. We investigated whether a carotid bruit predicts myocardial infarction and cardiovascular death.
258. Antibiotics for adults with clinically diagnosed acute rhinosinusitis: a meta-analysis of individual patient data.
作者: Jim Young.;An De Sutter.;Dan Merenstein.;Gerrit A van Essen.;Laurent Kaiser.;Helena Varonen.;Ian Williamson.;Heiner C Bucher.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9616期908-14页
Primary-care physicians continue to overprescribe antibiotics for acute rhinosinusitis because distinction between viral and bacterial sinus infection is difficult. We undertook a meta-analysis of randomised trials based on individual patients' data to assess whether common signs and symptoms can be used to identify a subgroup of patients who benefit from antibiotics.
259. Complex interventions to improve physical function and maintain independent living in elderly people: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Andrew D Beswick.;Karen Rees.;Paul Dieppe.;Salma Ayis.;Rachael Gooberman-Hill.;Jeremy Horwood.;Shah Ebrahim.
来源: Lancet. 2008年371卷9614期725-35页
In old age, reduction in physical function leads to loss of independence, the need for hospital and long-term nursing-home care, and premature death. We did a systematic review to assess the effectiveness of community-based complex interventions in preservation of physical function and independence in elderly people.
260. Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23,257 women with ovarian cancer and 87,303 controls.
Oral contraceptives were introduced almost 50 years ago, and over 100 million women currently use them. Oral contraceptives can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer, but the eventual public-health effects of this reduction will depend on how long the protection lasts after use ceases. We aimed to assess these effects.
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