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221. Emergency Clinician Buprenorphine Initiation, Subsequent Prescriptions, and Continuous Prescriptions.
作者: Annette M Dekker.;David L Schriger.;Andrew A Herring.;Elizabeth A Samuels.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷14期1232-1241页
Rates of opioid use disorder (OUD) and associated mortality in the US remain high. Treatment of OUD with buprenorphine reduces morbidity and mortality. There have been national efforts to expand buprenorphine initiation to the emergency department (ED), where many patients with low treatment access seek medical care. Adoption and trends of emergency clinician buprenorphine prescribing are unknown.
222. Illicit Substance Use and Treatment Access Among Adults Experiencing Homelessness.
作者: Ryan D Assaf.;Meghan D Morris.;Elana R Straus.;Priest Martinez.;Morgan M Philbin.;Margot Kushel.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷14期1222-1231页
The lack of representative research on homelessness risks mischaracterizing and misrepresenting the prevalence of illicit substance use.
224. Manual vs AI-Assisted Prescreening for Trial Eligibility Using Large Language Models-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ozan Unlu.;Matthew Varugheese.;Jiyeon Shin.;Samantha M Subramaniam.;David Walter Jacques Stein.;John J St Laurent.;Charlotte J Mailly.;Marian J McPartlin.;Fei Wang.;Michael F Oates.;Christopher P Cannon.;Benjamin M Scirica.;Kavishwar B Wagholikar.;Samuel J Aronson.;Alexander J Blood.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1084-1087页 227. Tracking US Health Care Spending by Health Condition and County.
作者: Joseph L Dieleman.;Meera Beauchamp.;Sawyer W Crosby.;Drew DeJarnatt.;Emily K Johnson.;Haley Lescinsky.;Theresa McHugh.;Ian Pollock.;Maitreyi Sahu.;Vivianne Swart.;Kayla V Taylor.;Azalea Thomson.;Golsum Tsakalos.;Maxwell Weil.;Lauren B Wilner.;Anthony L Bui.;Herbert C Duber.;Annie Haakenstad.;Bulat Idrisov.;Ali Mokdad.;Mohsen Naghavi.;Gregory Roth.;John W Scott.;Tara Templin.;Christopher J L Murray.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1051-1061页
Understanding health conditions with the most spending and variation across locations and over time is important for identifying trends, highlighting inequalities, and developing strategies for lowering health spending.
228. US Abortion Bans and Fertility.
作者: Suzanne O Bell.;Alexander M Franks.;David Arbour.;Selena Anjur-Dietrich.;Elizabeth A Stuart.;Eli Ben-Michael.;Avi Feller.;Alison Gemmill.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1324-1332页
Abortion bans may lead to births among those who are unable to overcome barriers to abortion. The population-level effects of these policies, particularly their unequal impacts across subpopulations in the US, remain unclear.
231. US Abortion Bans and Infant Mortality.
作者: Alison Gemmill.;Alexander M Franks.;Selena Anjur-Dietrich.;Amy Ozinsky.;David Arbour.;Elizabeth A Stuart.;Eli Ben-Michael.;Avi Feller.;Suzanne O Bell.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1315-1323页
The impact of recent abortion bans on infant mortality is not fully understood. There is also limited evidence on how these bans may interact with long-standing racial and ethnic disparities in infant health.
234. Contemporary Hormonal Contraception and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism.
作者: Harman Gailan Hassan Yonis.;Lina Steinrud Mørch.;Ellen Løkkegaard.;Kristian Kragholm.;Amalie Lykkemark Møller.;Christian Torp-Pedersen.;Amani Meaidi.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷15期1358-1361页 235. Evaluation of a Clinical Decision Support System for Imaging Requests: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stijntje W Dijk.;Claudia Wollny.;Joerg Barkhausen.;Olav Jansen.;Peter Mildenberger.;Moritz C Halfmann.;Jonas Stroeder.;Dimitris Rizopoulos.;M G Myriam Hunink.;Thomas Kroencke.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷14期1212-1221页
Given the widespread use of medical imaging, evaluating the effectiveness of interventions to improve appropriateness is crucial for optimizing health care resources and patient outcomes.
236. Simvastatin and Rifaximin in Decompensated Cirrhosis: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Elisa Pose.;César Jiménez.;Giacomo Zaccherini.;Daniela Campion.;Salvatore Piano.;Frank Erhard Uschner.;Koos de Wit.;Olivier Roux.;Kohilan Gananandan.;Wim Laleman.;Cristina Solé.;Sonia Alonso.;Berta Cuyàs.;Xavier Ariza.;Adrià Juanola.;Ann T Ma.;Laura Napoleone.;Jordi Gratacós-Ginès.;Marta Tonon.;Enrico Pompili.;Jordi Sánchez-Delgado.;Andrew S Allegretti.;Manuel Morales-Ruiz.;Marta Carol.;Martina Pérez-Guasch.;Núria Fabrellas.;Judit Pich.;Claudia Martell.;María Joyera.;Gemma Domenech.;José Ríos.;Ferrán Torres.;Miquel Serra-Burriel.;Rubén Hernáez.;Elsa Solà.;Isabel Graupera.;Hugh Watson.;Germán Soriano.;Rafael Bañares.;Rajeshwar P Mookerjee.;Claire Francoz.;Ulrich Beuers.;Jonel Trebicka.;Paolo Angeli.;Carlo Alessandria.;Paolo Caraceni.;Víctor M Vargas.;Juan G Abraldes.;Patrick S Kamath.;Pere Ginès.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷10期864-874页
There are no useful treatments to prevent the development of severe complications of liver cirrhosis. Simvastatin and rifaximin have shown beneficial effects in liver cirrhosis.
237. UV Stabilizer BTMPS in the Illicit Fentanyl Supply in 9 US Locations.
作者: Chelsea L Shover.;Morgan E Godvin.;Meghan Appley.;Elise M Pyfrom.;Fernando Montero Castrillo.;Karli Hochstatter.;Talia Nadel.;Neil Garg.;Adam Koncsol.;Joseph R Friedman.;Caitlin A Molina.;Ruby Romero.;Brendan Harshberger.;Jordan A M Gonzalez.;Jordan Spoliansky.;Sarah Laurel.;Elham Jalayer.;Juan Ruelas.;John Gonzales.;Soma Snakeoil.;Sonya Guerra.;Oscar Arellano.;Candace Winstead.;Margaret Rybak.;Joanna Champney.;Brent Waninger.;Rafael Torruella.;Edward Sisco.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷11期1000-1003页 239. Age and Sex Differences in Efficacy of Treatments for Type 2 Diabetes: A Network Meta-Analysis.
作者: Peter Hanlon.;Elaine Butterly.;Lili Wei.;Heather Wightman.;Saleh Ali M Almazam.;Khalid Alsallumi.;Jamie Crowther.;Ryan McChrystal.;Heidi Rennison.;Katherine Hughes.;Jim Lewsey.;Robert Lindsay.;Stuart McGurnaghan.;John Petrie.;Laurie A Tomlinson.;Sarah Wild.;Amanda Adler.;Naveed Sattar.;David M Phillippo.;Sofia Dias.;Nicky J Welton.;David A McAllister.
来源: JAMA. 2025年333卷12期1062-1073页
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors improve hyperglycemia, and SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) among individuals with type 2 diabetes. It is not clear whether efficacy varies by age or sex.
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