Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by marked clinical equipoise regarding optimal methods for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. As a result of these challenges, patients with sarcoidosis face substantial delays in care and have reported psychological distress from the uncertainty they face throughout their care journeys. In complex diseases with multisystemic involvement, multidisciplinary care models can help provide diagnostic clarity and streamline care. Although experts and guidelines in the field advocate for multidisciplinary care to improve clinical management of sarcoidosis, limited primary literature describes implementation of these care models in sarcoidosis. In this review, we outline best practices and common challenges associated with establishing a multidisciplinary care team for sarcoidosis. We describe the development of the Johns Hopkins Sarcoidosis Center (JHSC) multidisciplinary team as well as the formation of the Johns Hopkins Sarcoidosis patient advisory board, which helps inform the team's goals and initiatives. Finally, we review the broader literature on multidisciplinary care models in sarcoidosis and interstitial lung disease, identifying areas for further study.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibits marked clinical heterogeneity. Although pathogenic variants in the BMPR2 gene and other PAH-related genes drive pulmonary vascular remodeling in idiopathic or familial PAH, their role in SLE-associated PAH remains unclear.

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrating increasing promise across clinical applications, but their domain-specific knowledge in asthma has not been thoroughly explored. Additionally, state-of-the-art models released in 2025 (ChatGPT-5, ChatGPT-o3, Claude-3.7, DeepSeek-V3, and Grok-3) have yet to be studied in asthma.

Current evidence supports risk-based treatment for pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) with an endothelin receptor antagonist and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor as initial therapy for patients with low- and intermediate-risk PAH, and triple therapy with the addition of a parenteral prostacyclin for patients with high-risk PAH.

Although quantitative CT imaging offers objective evaluation of radiologic progression in non-idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) fibrosing interstitial lung disease (ILD), clinically meaningful thresholds for defining progressive pulmonary fibrosis (PPF) remain unclear.

Subclinical interstitial lung disease (ILD) is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Some patients with subclinical rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) will progress to clinical ILD, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Recently, the American College of Rheumatology and American College of Chest Physicians (CHEST) have published guidelines addressing screening for ILD in patients with RA; however, much is unknown about risk of progression or optimal treatment strategies after recognition of subclinical RA-ILD.

IL-5 is a key mediator of severe eosinophilic asthma (SEA) and also may contribute to airway remodeling.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by a high mean pulmonary artery pressure and an impaired health-related quality of life. The Pulmonary Hypertension Functional Class Self-Report (PH-FC-SR), a patient-reported version of the World Health Organization Functional Classification (WHO-FC), was developed to assess PH functional class from the patient perspective.

In July 2021, the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) implemented a nationwide inhaler formulary change affecting approximately 260,000 veterans with COPD and asthma. Clinician perceptions regarding this formulary change are unknown.