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221. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Review.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and regurgitation or GERD-specific complications and affects approximately 20% of the adult population in high-income countries.
222. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Ian Blazina.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Holmes.;Shelley Selph.;Sara Grusing.;Janice Jou.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2423-2436页
A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with improved intermediate outcomes, although evidence on clinical outcomes was limited.
223. Hearing Loss in Children: A Review.
Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children.
224. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Megan C Rushkin.;Nadia Redmond.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2076-2094页
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, and poor diet and lack of physical activity are major factors contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
225. Bladder Cancer: A Review.
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in women and is the fourth most common malignancy in men. Bladder cancer ranges from unaggressive and usually noninvasive tumors that recur and commit patients to long-term invasive surveillance, to aggressive and invasive tumors with high disease-specific mortality.
226. Screening for Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gerald Gartlehner.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Colin Orr.;Sara M Kennedy.;Rachel Clark.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1884-1895页
Childhood hypertension can result in adverse outcomes during adulthood; identifying and treating primary and secondary childhood hypertension may reduce such risks.
227. Diagnosis and Treatment of Lower Extremity Venous Thromboembolism: A Review.
Incidence rates for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) range from 88 to 112 per 100 000 person-years and increase with age. Rates of recurrent VTE range from 20% to 36% during the 10 years after an initial event.
228. Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline.
作者: Amy Y Tsou.;Peter Bulova.;George Capone.;Brian Chicoine.;Bryn Gelaro.;Terry Odell Harville.;Barry A Martin.;Dennis E McGuire.;Kent D McKelvey.;Moya Peterson.;Carl Tyler.;Michael Wells.;Michelle Sie Whitten.; .
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷15期1543-1556页
Down syndrome is the most common chromosomal condition, and average life expectancy has increased substantially, from 25 years in 1983 to 60 years in 2020. Despite the unique clinical comorbidities among adults with Down syndrome, there are no clinical guidelines for the care of these patients.
229. Association of Receipt of Palliative Care Interventions With Health Care Use, Quality of Life, and Symptom Burden Among Adults With Chronic Noncancer Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Kieran L Quinn.;Mohammed Shurrab.;Kevin Gitau.;Dio Kavalieratos.;Sarina R Isenberg.;Nathan M Stall.;Therese A Stukel.;Russell Goldman.;Daphne Horn.;Peter Cram.;Allan S Detsky.;Chaim M Bell.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷14期1439-1450页
The evidence for palliative care exists predominantly for patients with cancer. The effect of palliative care on important end-of-life outcomes in patients with noncancer illness is unclear.
232. Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Adults: A Review.
作者: David E Arterburn.;Dana A Telem.;Robert F Kushner.;Anita P Courcoulas.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷9期879-887页
Severe obesity and its related diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and sleep apnea, are very common in the United States, but currently very few patients with these conditions choose to undergo bariatric surgery. Summaries of the expanding evidence for both the benefits and risks of bariatric surgery are needed to better guide shared decision-making conversations.
233. Behavioral Counseling Interventions to Prevent Sexually Transmitted Infections: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jillian T Henderson.;Caitlyn A Senger.;Michelle Henninger.;Sarah I Bean.;Nadia Redmond.;Elizabeth A O'Connor.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷7期682-699页
Increasing rates of preventable sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the US pose substantial burdens to health and well-being.
236. Determination of Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria: The World Brain Death Project.
作者: David M Greer.;Sam D Shemie.;Ariane Lewis.;Sylvia Torrance.;Panayiotis Varelas.;Fernando D Goldenberg.;James L Bernat.;Michael Souter.;Mehmet Akif Topcuoglu.;Anne W Alexandrov.;Marie Baldisseri.;Thomas Bleck.;Giuseppe Citerio.;Rosanne Dawson.;Arnold Hoppe.;Stephen Jacobe.;Alex Manara.;Thomas A Nakagawa.;Thaddeus Mason Pope.;William Silvester.;David Thomson.;Hussain Al Rahma.;Rafael Badenes.;Andrew J Baker.;Vladimir Cerny.;Cherylee Chang.;Tiffany R Chang.;Elena Gnedovskaya.;Moon-Ku Han.;Stephen Honeybul.;Edgar Jimenez.;Yasuhiro Kuroda.;Gang Liu.;Uzzwal Kumar Mallick.;Victoria Marquevich.;Jorge Mejia-Mantilla.;Michael Piradov.;Sarah Quayyum.;Gentle Sunder Shrestha.;Ying-Ying Su.;Shelly D Timmons.;Jeanne Teitelbaum.;Walter Videtta.;Kapil Zirpe.;Gene Sung.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷11期1078-1097页
There are inconsistencies in concept, criteria, practice, and documentation of brain death/death by neurologic criteria (BD/DNC) both internationally and within countries.
237. Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Review.
Worldwide, the burden of heart failure has increased to an estimated 23 million people, and approximately 50% of cases are HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).
239. Perioperative Cardiovascular Risk Assessment and Management for Noncardiac Surgery: A Review.
Perioperative cardiovascular complications occur in 3% of hospitalizations for noncardiac surgery in the US. This review summarizes evidence regarding cardiovascular risk assessment prior to noncardiac surgery.
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