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201. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Corinne V Evans.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Erin L Coppola.;Leslie A Perdue.;Meghan Soulsby Weyrich.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷16期1657-1669页
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can be modified through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality.
202. Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review.
作者: Hassan Kamran.;Hani Jneid.;Waleed T Kayani.;Salim S Virani.;Glenn N Levine.;Vijay Nambi.;Umair Khalid.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷15期1545-1555页
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States with an annual incidence of approximately 1 million. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel) reduces cardiovascular event rates after ACS.
203. Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Erin LeBlanc.;Rachel Palmieri Weber.;Kayla Giger.;Rachel Clark.;Kara Suvada.;Amy Guisinger.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷14期1443-1463页
Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes; identifying and treating deficiency may improve outcomes.
204. Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Ina F Wallace.;Christine E Kistler.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷12期1202-1215页
Hearing loss is common in older adults and associated with adverse health and social outcomes.
205. Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800 000 individuals annually.
206. Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Daniel S Reuland.;Shivani M Reddy.;Max Nagle.;Stephen D Clark.;Rachel Palmieri Weber.;Chineme Enyioha.;Teri L Malo.;Alison T Brenner.;Charli Armstrong.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Christiane Voisin.;Russell P Harris.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷10期971-987页
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US.
207. Filtering Facepiece Respirator (N95 Respirator) Reprocessing: A Systematic Review.
作者: Max A Schumm.;Joseph E Hadaya.;Nisha Mody.;Bethany A Myers.;Melinda Maggard-Gibbons.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷13期1296-1317页
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a persistent shortage of personal protective equipment; therefore, a need exists for hospitals to reprocess filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), such as N95 respirators.
208. Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review.
The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the United States is between 7% and 16%, most common in women and young people, with annual direct costs estimated at more than $1 billion dollars in the United States. Traditionally, the diagnosis of IBS has been based on the positive identification of symptoms that correlate with several different syndromes associated with disorders such as IBS diarrhea, IBS constipation, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, chronic functional abdominal pain, or bloating. Several peripheral and central mechanisms initiate gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunctions leading to IBS symptoms. Those dysfunctions may require evaluation in patients whose symptoms do not respond to first-line treatments.
211. Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Perrine Janiaud.;Cathrine Axfors.;Andreas M Schmitt.;Viktoria Gloy.;Fahim Ebrahimi.;Matthias Hepprich.;Emily R Smith.;Noah A Haber.;Nina Khanna.;David Moher.;Steven N Goodman.;John P A Ioannidis.;Lars G Hemkens.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷12期1185-1195页
Convalescent plasma is a proposed treatment for COVID-19.
212. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal transection. MS affects an estimated 900 000 people in the US. MS typically presents in young adults (mean age of onset, 20-30 years) and can lead to physical disability, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life. This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of MS.
213. Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Review.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide with more than 1.85 million cases and 850 000 deaths annually. Of new colorectal cancer diagnoses, 20% of patients have metastatic disease at presentation and another 25% who present with localized disease will later develop metastases.
214. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting an estimated more than 240 million people worldwide, including an estimated more than 32 million in the US. Osteoarthritis is the most frequent reason for activity limitation in adults. This Review focuses on hip and knee OA.
215. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in the General Population: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic review to support the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement on screening for carotid artery stenosis summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and treatment of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population.
216. Acute Pancreatitis: A Review.
In the United States, acute pancreatitis is one of the leading causes of hospital admission from gastrointestinal diseases, with approximately 300 000 emergency department visits each year. Outcomes from acute pancreatitis are influenced by risk stratification, fluid and nutritional management, and follow-up care and risk-reduction strategies, which are the subject of this review.
217. Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Jillian T Henderson.;Erin L Coppola.;Joy Melnikow.;Shauna Durbin.;Rachel G Thomas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷3期280-298页
It has been estimated that in 2018 nearly 20% of adults in the US were currently using a tobacco product.
218. Glaucoma in Adults-Screening, Diagnosis, and Management: A Review.
Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Many patients with glaucoma are asymptomatic early in the disease course. Primary care clinicians should know which patients to refer to an eye care professional for a complete eye examination to check for signs of glaucoma and to determine what systemic conditions or medications can increase a patient's risk of glaucoma. Open-angle and narrow-angle forms of glaucoma are reviewed, including a description of the pathophysiology, risk factors, screening, disease monitoring, and treatment options.
219. Management of Crohn Disease: A Review.
Crohn disease, a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, is increasing in incidence and prevalence in many parts of the world. Uncontrolled inflammation leads to long-term complications, including fibrotic strictures, enteric fistulae, and intestinal neoplasia. Therefore, early and effective control of inflammation is of critical importance.
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