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201. Filtering Facepiece Respirator (N95 Respirator) Reprocessing: A Systematic Review.
作者: Max A Schumm.;Joseph E Hadaya.;Nisha Mody.;Bethany A Myers.;Melinda Maggard-Gibbons.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷13期1296-1317页
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a persistent shortage of personal protective equipment; therefore, a need exists for hospitals to reprocess filtering facepiece respirators (FFRs), such as N95 respirators.
202. Diagnosis and Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review.
The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in the United States is between 7% and 16%, most common in women and young people, with annual direct costs estimated at more than $1 billion dollars in the United States. Traditionally, the diagnosis of IBS has been based on the positive identification of symptoms that correlate with several different syndromes associated with disorders such as IBS diarrhea, IBS constipation, functional diarrhea, functional constipation, chronic functional abdominal pain, or bloating. Several peripheral and central mechanisms initiate gastrointestinal motor and sensory dysfunctions leading to IBS symptoms. Those dysfunctions may require evaluation in patients whose symptoms do not respond to first-line treatments.
205. Association of Convalescent Plasma Treatment With Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Perrine Janiaud.;Cathrine Axfors.;Andreas M Schmitt.;Viktoria Gloy.;Fahim Ebrahimi.;Matthias Hepprich.;Emily R Smith.;Noah A Haber.;Nina Khanna.;David Moher.;Steven N Goodman.;John P A Ioannidis.;Lars G Hemkens.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷12期1185-1195页
Convalescent plasma is a proposed treatment for COVID-19.
206. Diagnosis and Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune-mediated neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammatory demyelination with axonal transection. MS affects an estimated 900 000 people in the US. MS typically presents in young adults (mean age of onset, 20-30 years) and can lead to physical disability, cognitive impairment, and decreased quality of life. This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of MS.
207. Diagnosis and Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Review.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer mortality worldwide with more than 1.85 million cases and 850 000 deaths annually. Of new colorectal cancer diagnoses, 20% of patients have metastatic disease at presentation and another 25% who present with localized disease will later develop metastases.
208. Diagnosis and Treatment of Hip and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease, affecting an estimated more than 240 million people worldwide, including an estimated more than 32 million in the US. Osteoarthritis is the most frequent reason for activity limitation in adults. This Review focuses on hip and knee OA.
209. Screening for Asymptomatic Carotid Artery Stenosis in the General Population: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
This systematic review to support the 2021 US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement on screening for carotid artery stenosis summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and treatment of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis in the general population.
210. Acute Pancreatitis: A Review.
In the United States, acute pancreatitis is one of the leading causes of hospital admission from gastrointestinal diseases, with approximately 300 000 emergency department visits each year. Outcomes from acute pancreatitis are influenced by risk stratification, fluid and nutritional management, and follow-up care and risk-reduction strategies, which are the subject of this review.
211. Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Carrie D Patnode.;Jillian T Henderson.;Erin L Coppola.;Joy Melnikow.;Shauna Durbin.;Rachel G Thomas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷3期280-298页
It has been estimated that in 2018 nearly 20% of adults in the US were currently using a tobacco product.
212. Glaucoma in Adults-Screening, Diagnosis, and Management: A Review.
Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Many patients with glaucoma are asymptomatic early in the disease course. Primary care clinicians should know which patients to refer to an eye care professional for a complete eye examination to check for signs of glaucoma and to determine what systemic conditions or medications can increase a patient's risk of glaucoma. Open-angle and narrow-angle forms of glaucoma are reviewed, including a description of the pathophysiology, risk factors, screening, disease monitoring, and treatment options.
213. Management of Crohn Disease: A Review.
Crohn disease, a chronic gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, is increasing in incidence and prevalence in many parts of the world. Uncontrolled inflammation leads to long-term complications, including fibrotic strictures, enteric fistulae, and intestinal neoplasia. Therefore, early and effective control of inflammation is of critical importance.
215. Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Review.
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is defined by recurrent and troublesome heartburn and regurgitation or GERD-specific complications and affects approximately 20% of the adult population in high-income countries.
216. Screening for Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Ian Blazina.;Christina Bougatsos.;Rebecca Holmes.;Shelley Selph.;Sara Grusing.;Janice Jou.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷23期2423-2436页
A 2014 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found antiviral therapy for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with improved intermediate outcomes, although evidence on clinical outcomes was limited.
217. Hearing Loss in Children: A Review.
Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children.
218. Behavioral Counseling to Promote a Healthy Diet and Physical Activity for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Adults With Cardiovascular Risk Factors: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Elizabeth A O'Connor.;Corinne V Evans.;Megan C Rushkin.;Nadia Redmond.;Jennifer S Lin.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷20期2076-2094页
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the US, and poor diet and lack of physical activity are major factors contributing to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
219. Bladder Cancer: A Review.
Bladder cancer is a common malignancy in women and is the fourth most common malignancy in men. Bladder cancer ranges from unaggressive and usually noninvasive tumors that recur and commit patients to long-term invasive surveillance, to aggressive and invasive tumors with high disease-specific mortality.
220. Screening for Hypertension in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Gerald Gartlehner.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Colin Orr.;Sara M Kennedy.;Rachel Clark.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2020年324卷18期1884-1895页
Childhood hypertension can result in adverse outcomes during adulthood; identifying and treating primary and secondary childhood hypertension may reduce such risks.
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