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201. Uninsured adults presenting to US emergency departments: assumptions vs data.
作者: Manya F Newton.;Carla C Keirns.;Rebecca Cunningham.;Rodney A Hayward.;Rachel Stanley.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷16期1914-24页
Emergency departments (EDs) are experiencing increased patient volumes and serve as a source of care of last resort for uninsured patients. Common assumptions about the effect of uninsured patients on the ED often drive policy solutions.
202. Circumcision status and risk of HIV and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men: a meta-analysis.
作者: Gregorio A Millett.;Stephen A Flores.;Gary Marks.;J Bailey Reed.;Jeffrey H Herbst.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷14期1674-84页
Randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses have demonstrated that male circumcision reduces men's risk of contracting human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during heterosexual intercourse. Less is known about whether male circumcision provides protection against HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM).
203. Effectiveness of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy: a meta-analysis.
The place of long-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (LTPP) within psychiatry is controversial. Convincing outcome research for LTPP has been lacking.
204. Inhaled anticholinergics and risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Inhaled anticholinergics (ipratropium bromide or tiotropium bromide) are widely used in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) but their effect on the risk of cardiovascular outcomes is unknown.
205. Internet-based learning in the health professions: a meta-analysis.
作者: David A Cook.;Anthony J Levinson.;Sarah Garside.;Denise M Dupras.;Patricia J Erwin.;Victor M Montori.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷10期1181-96页
The increasing use of Internet-based learning in health professions education may be informed by a timely, comprehensive synthesis of evidence of effectiveness.
206. Benefits and risks of tight glucose control in critically ill adults: a meta-analysis.
The American Diabetes Association and Surviving Sepsis Campaign recommend tight glucose control in critically ill patients based largely on 1 trial that shows decreased mortality in a surgical intensive care unit. Because similar studies report conflicting results and tight glucose control can cause dangerous hypoglycemia, the data underlying this recommendation should be critically evaluated.
207. Ankle brachial index combined with Framingham Risk Score to predict cardiovascular events and mortality: a meta-analysis.
作者: .;F G R Fowkes.;G D Murray.;I Butcher.;C L Heald.;R J Lee.;L E Chambless.;A R Folsom.;A T Hirsch.;M Dramaix.;G deBacker.;J-C Wautrecht.;M Kornitzer.;A B Newman.;M Cushman.;K Sutton-Tyrrell.;F G R Fowkes.;A J Lee.;J F Price.;R B d'Agostino.;J M Murabito.;P E Norman.;K Jamrozik.;J D Curb.;K H Masaki.;B L Rodríguez.;J M Dekker.;L M Bouter.;R J Heine.;G Nijpels.;C D A Stehouwer.;L Ferrucci.;M M McDermott.;H E Stoffers.;J D Hooi.;J A Knottnerus.;M Ogren.;B Hedblad.;J C Witteman.;M M B Breteler.;M G M Hunink.;A Hofman.;M H Criqui.;R D Langer.;A Fronek.;W R Hiatt.;R Hamman.;H E Resnick.;J Guralnik.;M M McDermott.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷2期197-208页
Prediction models to identify healthy individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease have limited accuracy. A low ankle brachial index (ABI) is an indicator of atherosclerosis and has the potential to improve prediction.
208. Early invasive vs conservative treatment strategies in women and men with unstable angina and non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis.
作者: Michelle O'Donoghue.;William E Boden.;Eugene Braunwald.;Christopher P Cannon.;Tim C Clayton.;Robbert J de Winter.;Keith A A Fox.;Bo Lagerqvist.;Peter A McCullough.;Sabina A Murphy.;Rudolf Spacek.;Eva Swahn.;Lars Wallentin.;Fons Windhausen.;Marc S Sabatine.
来源: JAMA. 2008年300卷1期71-80页
Although an invasive strategy is frequently used in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE ACS), data from some trials suggest that this strategy may not benefit women.
209. Cell-free hemoglobin-based blood substitutes and risk of myocardial infarction and death: a meta-analysis.
作者: Charles Natanson.;Steven J Kern.;Peter Lurie.;Steven M Banks.;Sidney M Wolfe.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷19期2304-12页
Hemoglobin-based blood substitutes (HBBSs) are infusible oxygen-carrying liquids that have long shelf lives, have no need for refrigeration or cross-matching, and are ideal for treating hemorrhagic shock in remote settings. Some trials of HBBSs during the last decade have reported increased risks without clinical benefit.
210. Efficacy of current drugs against soil-transmitted helminth infections: systematic review and meta-analysis.
More than a quarter of the human population is likely infected with soil-transmitted helminths (Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) in highly endemic areas. Preventive chemotherapy is the mainstay of control, but only 4 drugs are available: albendazole, mebendazole, levamisole, and pyrantel pamoate.
211. Venous thromboembolism and mortality associated with recombinant erythropoietin and darbepoetin administration for the treatment of cancer-associated anemia.
作者: Charles L Bennett.;Samuel M Silver.;Benjamin Djulbegovic.;Athena T Samaras.;C Anthony Blau.;Kara J Gleason.;Sara E Barnato.;Kathleen M Elverman.;D Mark Courtney.;June M McKoy.;Beatrice J Edwards.;Cara C Tigue.;Dennis W Raisch.;Paul R Yarnold.;David A Dorr.;Timothy M Kuzel.;Martin S Tallman.;Steven M Trifilio.;Dennis P West.;Stephen Y Lai.;Michael Henke.
来源: JAMA. 2008年299卷8期914-24页
The erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) erythropoietin and darbepoetin are licensed to treat chemotherapy-associated anemia in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies. Although systematic overviews of trials have identified venous thromboembolism (VTE) risks, none have identified mortality risks with ESAs.
212. Active smoking and the risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Carole Willi.;Patrick Bodenmann.;William A Ghali.;Peter D Faris.;Jacques Cornuz.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷22期2654-64页
Observational studies have suggested an association between active smoking and the incidence of type 2 diabetes.
213. Association of apolipoprotein E genotypes with lipid levels and coronary risk.
作者: Anna M Bennet.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;Zheng Ye.;Frances Wensley.;Anette Dahlin.;Anders Ahlbom.;Bernard Keavney.;Rory Collins.;Björn Wiman.;Ulf de Faire.;John Danesh.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷11期1300-11页
Previous reviews of associations of apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotype and coronary disease have been dominated by smaller studies that are liable to biases.
214. Long-term risk of cardiovascular events with rosiglitazone: a meta-analysis.
Recent reports of serious adverse events with rosiglitazone use have raised questions about whether the evidence of harm justifies its use for treatment of type 2 diabetes.
215. Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.
作者: A Michael Lincoff.;Kathy Wolski.;Stephen J Nicholls.;Steven E Nissen.
来源: JAMA. 2007年298卷10期1180-8页
Pioglitazone is widely used for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but evidence is mixed regarding the influence of medications of this class on cardiovascular outcomes.
216. Efficacy and safety of incretin therapy in type 2 diabetes: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Pharmacotherapies that augment the incretin pathway have recently become available, but their role in the management of type 2 diabetes is not well defined.
217. Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
作者: Jeffrey A Bridge.;Satish Iyengar.;Cheryl B Salary.;Rémy P Barbe.;Boris Birmaher.;Harold Alan Pincus.;Lulu Ren.;David A Brent.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷15期1683-96页
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has issued warnings that use of antidepressant medications poses a small but significantly increased risk of suicidal ideation/suicide attempt for children and adolescents.
218. Late vs early clamping of the umbilical cord in full-term neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials.
With few exceptions, the umbilical cord of every newborn is clamped and cut at birth, yet the optimal timing for this intervention remains controversial.
219. Mortality in randomized trials of antioxidant supplements for primary and secondary prevention: systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者: Goran Bjelakovic.;Dimitrinka Nikolova.;Lise Lotte Gluud.;Rosa G Simonetti.;Christian Gluud.
来源: JAMA. 2007年297卷8期842-57页
Antioxidant supplements are used for prevention of several diseases.
220. Effect of folic acid supplementation on risk of cardiovascular diseases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Epidemiologic studies have suggested that folate intake decreases risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the results of randomized controlled trials on dietary supplementation with folic acid to date have been inconsistent.
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