Osimertinib, a third-generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor (TKI), is the standard of care for patients with EGFR-mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). While clinically effective, concerns have emerged regarding its potential cardiotoxicity. This study aims to systematically evaluate the prevalence and types of cardiotoxicity associated with Osimertinib.

To compare the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (RM-NPC).

To evaluate the adverse events associated with tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) and totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD) in patients of pediatric oncology undergoing chemotherapy.

This systematic review aims to identify the factors influencing chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis in cancer patients.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is the leading cause of non-tumor-related mortality among patients with tumors. Although sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have been shown to confer cardiovascular benefits, their effects and safety profile in patients with cancer remain uncertain. The objective of this study was to assess the cardiovascular effects of SGLT2is in patients with cancer.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved overall survival in patients with advanced-stage cancers. However, data on their efficacy and safety in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) are limited.

The risk of infertility following breast cancer (BC) treatment is critical for women of reproductive age. Accurate risk assessment is essential for fertility counseling and preservation. Amenorrhoea as an infertility marker is unreliable due to endocrine therapies. Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) is a reliable fertility marker, but its role in assessing chemotherapy-induced loss of ovarian reserve in BC survivors remains underexplored.

Combining immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) with chemotherapy has significantly transformed cancer treatment, offering better options for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). This comprehensive network meta-analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of various ICIs in patients with advanced ESCC.

Anti-cancer drugs can be toxic to healthy cells in the body and have the potential to cause irreversible damage to ovarian tissue. This may lead to premature ovarian insufficiency. There are two main strategies to preserve fertility in women undergoing chemotherapy treatment for cancer. One is controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with gonadotropins and a protective agent for safety, followed by freezing of oocytes or embryos; the other is ovarian suppression using gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRH agonists). This review aims to gain an understanding of the best way to support women with cancer to preserve their fertility. As breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, it is the primary focus of this review.

Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced hypophysitis is one of the common endocrine immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Our goal is to evaluate the risk of pituitary irAEs caused by ICIs.

The efficacy of abiraterone in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) across different disease volumes remains uncertain. This meta-analysis aims to clarify benefit of abiraterone in low- and high-volume mHSPC.

Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy has emerged as a potential strategy to overcome tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs)-resistant for advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the efficacy and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors plus chemotherapy (PIC) compared to chemotherapy alone require further investigation.

This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of different 5-HT3 receptor antagonists as monotherapy for nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. A thorough search of various electronic databases was conducted to determine the randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy and safety of different 5-HT3 receptor antagonists as monotherapy for preventing nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy. Primary outcomes included nausea, vomiting, and adverse events. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare each outcome. Seventeen trials were included in this study. For the control of nausea, palonosetron was the optimal choice among 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (surface under the cumulative ranking curve, SUCRA = 86.95%), regardless of whether the patients were undergoing surgery (SUCRA = 82.04%) or chemotherapy (SUCRA = 71.63%). As for controlling vomiting, palonosetron was still the optimal choice among different 5-HT3 receptor antagonists (SUCRA = 80.87%). In surgical patients, granisetron was the most effective in controlling vomiting (SUCRA = 88.04%). When considering the drug doses, palonosetron 0.25 mg was the optimal regimen for controlling both nausea and vomiting. In terms of safety, palonosetron 0.25 mg and granisetron 3 mg were the safest regimens among different 5-HT3 receptor antagonists. Among the various 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, palonosetron at a dosage of 0.25 mg emerged as the optimal choice for chemotherapy patients, while granisetron at a dosage of 3 mg proved to be the best option for surgical patients, taking into account both efficacy and safety. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42024552117).

Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) stemming from off-target immune activation have been associated with improved survival outcomes in various cancers. Nonetheless, the influence of irAEs on survival among gastrointestinal (GI) cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains ambiguous. The aim of this meta-analysis was to clarify the relationship between irAEs and survival outcomes in this patient cohort.

PurposeTo comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors with chemotherapy in patients with advanced breast cancer.MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating PARP inhibitor-chemotherapy combinations. Studies reporting progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), overall response rate (ORR), and safety outcomes were included. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers, and a meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects models.ResultsOf 970 studies retrieved, four RCTs involving 1064 patients met the inclusion criteria. PARP inhibitors combined with chemotherapy significantly improved PFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63-0.84, P < .0001) and showed a trend towards improved OS (HR 0.93, 95% CI 0.79-1.09, P = .36), though this was not statistically significant. There was no significant improvement in ORR (RR 1.08, 95% CI 0.98-1.20, P = .13). Regarding safety, no significant difference was observed in all grades or grade 3-4 adverse events (AEs) overall, but the combination therapy was associated with an increased risk of anemia, nausea, and diarrhea (RRs ranging from 1.14 to 1.29, all P < .01).ConclusionPARP inhibitor combined with chemotherapy is an effective option for the treatment of patients with advanced breast cancer, but its potential increased risks of specific AEs need to be weighed. Clinicians should make individualized treatment plans according to the specific conditions of patients, comprehensive consideration of efficacy and safety.

In most existing clinical studies, Pembrolizumab combined therapy has shown good efficacy for ATC. However, the results of this therapy in some other studies have been controversial, and there is a lack of relevant evidence. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis of survival data, tumor responses, and adverse events.

The efficacy of regorafenib or fruquintinib in combination with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) treatment has not been elucidated. This study aims to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of this combination therapy.

HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.42-0.59) and overall survival (OS: HR 0.63, 95% CI 0.55-0.71) in the overall population, alongside enhanced minimal residual disease (MRD) negativity rates (RR 1.85, 95% CI 1.43-2.39). While PFS benefits were universal across subgroups, OS showed no improvement in high-risk, ISS-I, or hepatic impairment subgroups, and non-IgG subtypes lacked MRD benefit. Safety analyses demonstrated an elevated risk of multiple infection-related adverse events in the entire cohort. The risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs) also increased (RR 1.44, 95% CI 1.14-1.81). Although anti-CD38 mAbs enhance treatment efficacy with manageable toxicity, the absence of OS benefit in high-risk subgroups warrants attention, and the risk of SPMs needs further investigation.

The combination chemotherapy of alpha-PD-1/PD-L1 has become the standard treatment option for some cancer patients. However, studies have shown that not all patients benefit from improved survival rates, especially the use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in combination with chemotherapy for progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with gastric or gastroesophageal cancer (GC/GEJC) remains highly controversial. To address this issue, we conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) aimed at comparing the efficacy of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy in GC/GEJC patients.

The incidence of cancer diagnosed during pregnancy is increasing, but data relating to perinatal outcomes for infants exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero remain limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesise evidence from the available literature to investigate whether perinatal outcomes for babies born to women with gestational cancer differ based on whether they are exposed to systemic cancer treatment in utero.