Long non-coding RNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (lncRNA, MALAT1) has been found to be aberrantly expressed in osteosarcoma, while high MALAT1 expression is correlated with both metastasis and prognosis. This meta-analysis set out to investigate the prognostic value of lncRNA MALAT1 in patients living with osteosarcoma.

Recently, a growing number of studies have reported the coorelation between miR-155 and the diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer, but results of these researches were still controversial due to insufficient sample size. Thus, we carried out the systematic review and meta-analysis to figure out whether miR-155 could be a screening tool in the detection and prognosis of lung cancer.

To review and summarize the recently developed Canadian Association of Gastroenterology screening recommendations for patients with a family history of colorectal cancer (CRC) or adenoma from a family medicine perspective.

This review describes the germ cell neoplasms that are malignant and most commonly associated with several types of gonadal dysgenesis. The most common neoplasm is gonadoblastoma, while others including dysgerminomas, yolk-sac tumors and teratomas are rare but can occur. The purpose of this review is to evaluate the incidences of these abnormalities and the circumstances surrounding these specific tumors.According to well-established methods, a PubMed systematic review was performed, to obtain relevant studies published in English and select those with the highest-quality data.Initially, the first search was performed using gonadal dysgenesis as the search term, resulting in 12,887 PubMed papers, published, from 1945 to 2017. A second search using ovarian germ cell tumors as the search term resulted in 10,473 papers, published from 1960 to 2017. Another search was performed in Medline, using germ cell neoplasia as the search term, and this search resulted in 7,560 papers that were published between 2003 to 2016, with 245 new papers assessing gonadoblastomas.The higher incidence of germ cell tumors in gonadal dysgenesis is associated with a chromosomal anomaly that leads to the absence of germ cells in these gonads and, consequently, a higher incidence of neoplasms when these tumors are located inside the abdomen. Several hypotheses suggest that increased incidence of germ cell tumors involves all or part of the Y chromosome or different genes.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are expressed aberrantly in tissues and body fluids in individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may serve as promising biomarkers for diagnosis of HCC. We performed a meta-analysis of the overall diagnostic performance of circRNAs for diagnosis of HCC.

Although some recent studies have shown that small nucleolar RNA host gene 6 (SNHG6) was associated with clinical outcomes in malignant tumors, the results remain insufficient and inconsistent. Therefore, we performed this meta-analysis to clarify whether SNHG6 can serve as a prognostic biomarker in cancer.

Objectives In the present study, we examined available articles from online databases to comprehensively investigate the effect of the XPC (xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C) rs2228000 polymorphism on the risk of different types of clinical cancer. Methods We conducted a group of overall and subgroup pooling analyses after retrieving the data from four databases (updated till September 2019). The P-value of association, OR (odds ratios), and 95% CI (confidence interval) were calculated. Results We selected a total of 71 eligible studies with 26835 cancer cases and 37069 controls from the 1186 retrieved articles. There is an enhanced susceptibility for bladder cancer cases under T vs. C [P=0.004; OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07, 1.45)], TT vs. CC [P=0.001; 1.68 (1.25, 2.26)], CT+TT vs. CC [P=0.016; 1.26 (1.04, 1.53)], and TT vs. CC+ CT [P=0.001; 1.49 (1.18, 1.90)] compared with negative controls. Additionally, there is an increased risk of breast cancer under T vs. C, TT vs. CC and TT vs. CC+ CT (P<0.05, OR > 1). Nevertheless, there is a decreased risk of gastric cancer cases in China under T vs. C [P=0.020; 0.92 (0.85, 0.99)], CT vs. CC [P=0.001, 0.83 (0.73, 0.93)], and CT+TT vs. CC [P=0.003, 0.84 (0.76, 0.94)]. Conclusions The TT genotype of XPC rs2228000 may be linked to an increased risk of bladder and breast cancer, whereas the CT genotype is likely to be associated with reduced susceptibility to gastric cancer in the Chinese population.

Increasing evidence shows microRNA-451 plays a crucial role in various tumors, but there is inconsistency. The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic role of miR-451 in various tumors.

Numerous studies have investigated the prognostic significance of ECT2 (epithelial cell transforming sequence 2) expression in patients with cancer. Nevertheless, conflicting results have been obtained. We thus performed a meta-analysis to systematically assess the prognostic significance of ECT2 in cancer. Electronic databases (PubMed and EMBASE) were searched for eligible studies. Hazard ratios (HR) and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to estimate effect sizes. A total of 5,305 patients from 19 articles and 21 studies were included. The pooled results revealed that high ECT2 expression was correlated with advanced TNM stage (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.42-3.32), positive lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.98; 95% CI: 2.28-3.89), distant metastasis (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.03-4.92), and poor tumour differentiation (OR = 2.25; 95% CI: 1.03-4.92). More importantly, high ECT2 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival (HR = 2.26; 95% CI, 1.84-2.78) and recurrence-free survival (HR = 1.52; 95% CI, 1.24-1.86). Our results suggested that ECT2 is a promising prognostic indicator and therapeutic target for cancer.

The colorectal cancer spectrum has changed due to population screening programs, with a shift toward adenomas and early cancers. Whether it would be a feasible option to test these adenomas for detection of Lynch syndrome (LS) patients is unclear. Through meta-analysis and systematic review, risk factors for DNA mismatch repair deficiency (dMMR) and microsatellite instability (MSI) in adenomas were identified in LS and unselected patient cohorts. Data were extracted for patient age and MMR variant together with adenoma type, grade, size, and location. A total of 41 studies were included, and contained more than 519 LS patients and 1698 unselected patients with 1142 and 2213 adenomas respectively. dMMR/MSI was present in 69.5% of conventional adenomas in LS patients, compared with 2.8% in unselected patients. In the LS cohort, dMMR/MSI was more frequently present in patients older than 60 years (82% versus 54%). dMMR/MSI was also more common in villous adenomas (84%), adenomas over 1 cm (81%), and adenomas with high grade dysplasia (88%). No significant differences were observed for dMMR/MSI in relation to MMR variants and location of adenomas. In the context of screening, we conclude that detection of dMMR/MSI in conventional adenomas of unselected patients is uncommon and might be considered as indication for LS testing. Within the LS cohort, 69.5% of LS patients could have been detected through dMMR/MSI screening of their conventional adenomas.

The relationship between the A240T polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene and cancer risk remains controversial. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis of relevant studies from the published literature.

The role of CD200 in the differential diagnosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and classical mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is well established. Its role in the differential diagnosis of CLL and other lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD) is less clear, in particular its positive predictive value (PPV).

Dysregulated circular RNAs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer. Recent studies indicate that has_circ_0001649 lowly expressed in multiple types of cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the roles of has_circ_0001649 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for Chinese patients with cancer.

BACKGROUND Numerous studies have evaluated the relationship between RNASEL gene polymorphisms (rs486907 G>A and rs627928 T>G) and the risk of cancer. However, many of the results have been controversial. To explore the role of RNASEL gene polymorphisms in prostate cancer, we carried out the present meta-analysis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The qualified articles were collected from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CNKI, and WanFang databases to August 2018. A total 23 articles with 40 studies were incorporated into our analysis. RESULTS Our data show that rs486907 was not associated with the risk of prostate cancer in any populations. Nevertheless, rs627928 was reported to promote the development of prostate cancer (T vs. G: OR=1.08, 95% CI=1.01-1.15; TT+TG vs. GG: OR=1.14, 95% CI=1.03-1.25) in allele and recessive models in overall populations. Stratified analyses showed that similar results were obtained in white populations. CONCLUSIONS We report the effect of rs627928 on the development of prostate cancer and confirm that rs486907 is not involved in the risk of prostate cancer in the current meta-analysis. However, research in larger populations is needed to validate our conclusions.

MicroRNAs appear as small molecule modifiers, which improve many new findings and mechanical illustrations for critically important biological phenomena and pathologic events. The best-characterized non-coding RNA family consists of about 2600 human microRNAs. Rich evidence has revealed their crucial importance in maintaining normal development, differentiation, growth control, aging, modulation of cell survival or apoptosis, as well as migration and metastasis as microRNAs dysregulation leads to cancer incidence and progression. By far, microRNAs have recently emerged as attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. The rationale for developing microRNA therapeutics is based on the premise that aberrantly expressed microRNAs play a significant role in the emergence of a variety of human diseases ranging from cardiovascular defects to cancer, and that repairing these microRNA deficiencies by either antagonizing or restoring microRNA function may yield a therapeutic benefit. Although microRNA antagonists are conceptually similar to other inhibitory therapies, improving the performance of microRNAs by microRNA replacement or inhibition that is a less well- described attitude. In this assay, we have condensed the last global knowledge and concepts regarding the involvement of microRNAs in cancer emergence, which has been achieved from the previous studies, consisting of the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response and the disruption of profile expression in human cancer. Here, we have reviewed the special characteristics of microRNA replacement and inhibition therapies and discussed explorations linked with the delivery of microRNA mimics in turmeric cells. Besides, the achievement of biomarkers based on microRNAs in clinics is considered as novel non-invasive biomarkers in diagnostic and prognostic assessments.

Many trials have demonstrated prime antitumor activity of novel, small molecule multikinase inhibitors (MKIs) in advanced and/or metastatic thyroid cancer (TC). In this work, the PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and clinicaltrials.gov databases were searched. Quality/risk of bias were assessed using GRADE criteria. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing two or more systemic therapies in patients with advanced and/or metastatic thyroid cancer were assessed. A total of 1347 articles and 548 clinical trials in clinicaltrials.gov were screened. We included seven relevant RCTs comprising 1934 unique patients assigned to different MKIs. Two separate network meta-analyses included four RCTs in radioiodine refractory well-differentiated thyroid cancer (RR-WDTC) and three RCTs in medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), respectively; all with a low risk of bias. We identified three therapies for RR-WDTC: sorafenib [disease control rate (DCR) odds ratio (OR): 0.11 (95% CI: 0.03-0.40); progression-free survival (PFS) hazard ratio (HR): 1.99 (95% CI: 1.62-2.46)], vandetanib [DCR_OR:0.26 (95% CI: 0.06-1.24); PFS_HR: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.82-1.20)] and lenvatinib [DCR_OR: 0.26 (95% CI: 0.05-1.33); PFS_HR: 0.99 (95% CI: 0.81-1.22)]; and the following therapies for MTC: vandetanib 300 mg [objective response rate (ORR)_OR: 3.31 (95% CI: 0.68-16.22); vandetanib 150 mg ORR_OR: 0.60 (95% CI: 0.16-2.33)]; and cabozantinib [ORR_OR: 85.32 (95% CI: 5.22-1395.15)]. Serious side effect (SE) analysis per organ/system demonstrated a varying MKI SE profile across both RR-WDTC and MTC diagnoses, more commonly involving metabolic/nutritional disorders [OR: 2.07 [95% CI: 0.82-5.18)] and gastrointestinal SE [OR: 1.63 (95% CI: 1.0-2.66)]. This network meta-analysis on advanced and/or metastatic TC points towards a higher efficacy of lenvatinib in RR-WDTC. The included MKIs exhibit a varying SE profile across different organs/systems favoring a patient-tailored approach with the anticipated toxicities guiding clinicians' decisions.

The current systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib-trametinib with those of other therapeutic alternatives in the treatment of patients with unresectable advanced/metastatic melanoma with BRAF-V600 mutation. The search was carried out on four databases up to July 2018. Two separate network meta-analyses (NMA) were performed using the frequentist method (random effects): one with an exclusive population with BRAF-V600 mutation (NMA-pBRAFV600) and another with mixed population (with or without the mutation: NMA-pMixed). An evidence profile was included using the GRADE method for NMA. The validity of the final estimator in the NMA-pMixed was assessed via a sensitivity analysis. Nine clinical trials were included in the NMA-pBRAFV600. Dabrafenib-trametinib was found to have a favorable effect on overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) compared with dabrafenib, vemurafenib, and dacarbazine and on partial response rate (PRR) and overall response rate compared with dacarbazine and vemurafenib. In the NMA-pMixed, dabrafenib-trametinib was found to have a positive effect on OS versus ipilimumab 3 mg/kg and on PFS and PRR versus ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab. However, dabrafenib-trametinib and vemurafenib-cobimetinib significantly differed in terms of efficacy. In addition, dabrafenib-trametinib has a favorable effect on Grades 3 and 4 adverse events.

P-cadherin (CDH3), located at 16q22.1 belonging to classical cadherin family, is a calcium-dependent glycoprotein associated with cell to cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in cancer. This meta-analysis was conducted to examine the prognostic utility of P-cadherin expression in breast cancer (BC).

Some previous studies already investigated potential associations between folate metabolism enzyme polymorphisms and lung cancer (LC). However, the results of these studies were inconsistent. Thus, we performed this meta-analysis to explore associations between folate metabolism enzyme polymorphisms and LC in a larger pooled population. Systematic literature research of PubMed, WOS, Embase and CNKI was performed to identify eligible studies. Review Manager Version 5.3.3 was used to conduct statistical analyses. Totally 37 genetic association studies were included for analyses. The pooled analyses showed that MTRR rs1801394 (dominant model: p = 0.01; recessive model: p = 0.04; allele model: p = 0.005) and MTHFR rs1801133 (dominant model: p = 0.008; recessive model: p = 0.0003; allele model: p = 0.0002) polymorphisms were both significantly associated with susceptibility to LC in overall population. Subgroup analyses revealed similar significant findings for MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphism in East Asians. Significant associations with LC were also observed for MTRR rs1801394 and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms in smokers. In conclusion, this meta-analysis indicated that MTRR rs1801394 was significantly associated with LC in smokers, and MTHFR rs1801133 polymorphisms was also significantly associated with LC in smokers and East Asians. These results suggested that these two polymorphisms could be used to identify individuals at high risk of developing LC in certain populations.