There are few studies conducted investigating diagnostic delay in children with coeliac disease (CD). A better understanding of the factors associated with diagnostic delay and the development of strategies to reduce it are important in preventing long-term complications related to the disease. This study aimed to determine the median diagnostic delay in children with CD and to investigate possible underlying factors associated with diagnostic delay.

Transcutaneous neuromodulation (TN) has been reported effective for functional constipation (FC). The underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the gut microbiota (GM) and short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) metabolism changed in FC patients due to TN treatment. The correlation between GM and 5-HT was evaluated.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a condition that can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Non-invasive techniques are increasingly used to assess hepatic steatosis. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the Quantification Attenuation Index (QAI) and define diagnostic cut-offs by comparing QAI to liver biopsy and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP).

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) accounts for approximately 90% of all primary liver cancers resulting in approximately 830,000 deaths in 2020, making HCC the sixth most common cancer globally. Several members of the Melanoma Antigen Gene (MAGE) family, such as MAGE-A1 and A3 genes of the MAGE I-A subfamily, are abnormally expressed in a variety of cancers including melanomas, colorectal cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, gliomas, HCC, prostate, and breast cancers. In addition, they have been linked to tumor stemness and, therefore, may predict therapeutic response and prognosis.

This study aimed to assess the safety and feasibility of bile duct-guided right hepatic inflow occlusion and associated extended procedures in laparoscopic liver surgery (LLS).

The accurate and timely diagnosis of ileus versus volvulus is essential in emergency care, as treatment choices directly influence patient outcomes. In this study, the diagnostic accuracy and adherence to guidelines of multidisciplinary AI systems were compared with those of single-model approaches and actual clinical decisions in managing these acute gastrointestinal conditions.

This study aimed to compare the long-term clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and prognosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients diagnosed before and after 18 years of age.

Liver cirrhosis is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in those of working age. Mortality from liver disease in the UK has continued to rise over the past decade. A significant proportion of patients presenting with decompensated liver disease have no prior diagnosis of liver disease despite multiple acute healthcare interactions providing opportunities for detection. We aimed to characterise patients presenting to unscheduled care with no known liver disease who subsequently had a liver related admission (DLD), and determine if a simple predictive score could identify those at high risk.

The early diagnosis of infections in acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is still difficult. mNGS(metagenomic next-generation sequencing) is a no-bias, sensitive pathogen diagnosis method, and further research on mNGS in ACLF is needed.

Cirrhosis complicated by sepsis is a common reason for intensive care unit (ICU) admission and is associated with a markedly increased risk of short-term mortality. However, early assessment of 28-day mortality risk at ICU admission remains uncertain in this population. Existing scoring systems often rely on subjective assessments or clinical variables that may not be readily available at the time of admission, highlighting the need for a simple and objective model based on routinely obtainable data for early risk stratification.

Intestinal failure (IF) is a rare but serious condition associated with high morbidity, mortality, and healthcare resource use. Although consensus-based definitions for IF exist, their adoption in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) remains uncertain. This variability compromises the comparability of evidence and hinders the development of robust clinical guidelines. The aim of this study was to examine the conceptual and operational consistency of IF definitions in RCTs, assess methodological and reporting quality, and explore implications for research synthesis and clinical decision-making.

Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) remains a high-risk emergency with non-negligible in-hospital mortality. Inflammatory indices derived from routine admission tests may provide additional bedside information reflecting inflammatory burden and physiologic reserve, but their prognostic value in UGIB is not well defined.

Chronic gastritis is a common gastrointestinal disorder and a potential precursor to gastric cancer. Although environmental factors have been associated with its occurrence, the combined relationships of soil characteristics and demographic variables with its spatial distribution remain unclear. This study aims to quantify associations between soil properties and the spatial distribution of chronic gastritis after accounting for population structure and spatial dependence.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is key to early diagnosis and timely curative treatment. Current strategies are suboptimal with many patients presenting with advanced HCC. This randomized controlled trial compared the combined use of serum biomarker (BM) measurements and abdominal ultrasound (US) with US alone for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC.

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which has recently been renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) or metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common chronic liver disease globally, including in the Arab world. This study investigates the research output and impact of NAFLD/MAFLD/MASLD in Arab countries until 2024.

This study aims to explore the effect of furosemide on the prognosis of patients with intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH).

Tumor growth rate (TGR) is a dynamic biomarker for evaluating therapeutic response and prognosis in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (uHCC) with triple therapy, yet its clinical utility and role in guiding treatment optimization require further validation.

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a highly abundant gut bacterium, has been linked to overall health, and is decreased in several pathologic conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). F prausnitzii has shown anti-inflammatory properties in human and mouse models, notably through the induction of interleukin 10 (IL10) signaling. Here, we investigated which cell types from human blood and intestinal tissue are responsible for producing IL10 induced by F prausnitzii and provide the first mechanistic insights.

Patients with chronic pancreatitis (CP) have a higher risk of developing pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Although pancreatitis has been found to promote PDAC initiation and progression, its role in PDAC tumorigenesis remains poorly understood.

Abemaciclib-induced diarrhea is a common side effect of HR+/ HER2 − breast cancer treatment. The aim of this study was to explore changes in gut microbiota composition and plasma metabolites in rats with abemaciclib-induced diarrhea. Female rats were randomly divided into abemaciclib (orally administered abemaciclib, n = 12) and control (orally administered 0.9% saline, n = 6) groups. When the rats reached grade 3 diarrhea, the jejunum, ileum, and colon tissues were collected for histological analysis to assess intestinal mucosal damage. Rat feces were obtained for metagenomic analysis to analyze changes in the gut microbial composition. Rat plasma was used for untargeted metabolomic analysis to analyze plasma metabolic alterations. Pearson’s correlation analysis was conducted to examine the association between differential gut microbiota and differential plasma metabolites, and a microbiota-metabolite-pathway network was constructed. Rats in the abemaciclib group developed noticeable diarrhea and exhibited histopathological changes in the ileal epithelium and jejunum. In the abemaciclib group, α-diversity indices (Shannon, Simpson, and Invsimpsom) were significantly lower than in the control group, with reductions of 0.5, 0.01, and 52.77, respectively. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all groups. Compared with the control group, the abundance of Firmicutes remarkably decreased in the abemaciclib group, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia dramatically increased. Differentially abundant species in the abemaciclib group included Escherichia coli, Butyricimonas virosa, Desulfovibrionaceae bacterium, and Helicobacter ganmani. Functional analysis showed that pathways related to carbohydrate metabolism were significantly altered. Additionally, 319 metabolites were differentially expressed between the two groups, including trimethylamine N-oxide, sarsasapogenin, tyrosol, brinzolamide, and cis-3-hexenyl acetate. Multiple pathways, including mTOR signaling pathway, were significantly enriched by differential metabolites. Furthermore, close associations between differential microbiota and metabolites were observed, and numerousmicrobiota-metabolite-pathway axes were identified, such as Pseudodesulfovibrio mercurii/Desulfovibrionaceae bacterium-cis-3-hexenyl acetate-alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. Our findings revealed that abemaciclib alters the gut microbiota composition, plasma metabolite profiles, and their related metabolic pathways in SD rats, and these changes are closely associated with the occurrence of diarrhea. However, this association does not establish a causal relationship, and further in-depth mechanistic studies are required for validation.