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181. Hormone Therapy for the Primary Prevention of Chronic Conditions in Postmenopausal Persons: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;Aaron B Caughey.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷17期1740-1746页
Menopause is defined as the cessation of a person's menstrual cycle. It is defined retrospectively, 12 months after the final menstrual period. Perimenopause, or the menopausal transition, is the few-year time period preceding a person's final menstrual period and is characterized by increasing menstrual cycle length variability and periods of amenorrhea, and often symptoms such as vasomotor dysfunction. The prevalence and incidence of most chronic diseases (eg, cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, and fracture) increase with age, and US persons who reach menopause are expected on average to live more than another 30 years.
182. Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Naomi E Hammond.;John Myburgh.;Ian Seppelt.;Tessa Garside.;Ruan Vlok.;Sajeev Mahendran.;Derick Adigbli.;Simon Finfer.;Ya Gao.;Fiona Goodman.;Gordon Guyatt.;Joseph Alvin Santos.;Balasubramanian Venkatesh.;Liang Yao.;Gian Luca Di Tanna.;Anthony Delaney.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷19期1922-1934页
The effectiveness of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) in critically ill adults receiving mechanical ventilation is uncertain.
183. Hypercalcemia: A Review.
Hypercalcemia affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. Mild hypercalcemia, defined as total calcium of less than 12 mg/dL (<3 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 5.6 to 8.0 mg/dL (1.4-2 mmol/L), is usually asymptomatic but may be associated with constitutional symptoms such as fatigue and constipation in approximately 20% of people. Hypercalcemia that is severe, defined as total calcium of 14 mg/dL or greater (>3.5 mmol/L) or ionized calcium of 10 mg/dL or greater (≥2.5 mmol/L) or that develops rapidly over days to weeks, can cause nausea, vomiting, dehydration, confusion, somnolence, and coma.
184. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷15期1534-1542页
Depression is a leading cause of disability in the US. Children and adolescents with depression typically have functional impairments in their performance at school or work as well as in their interactions with their families and peers. Depression can also negatively affect the developmental trajectories of affected youth. Major depressive disorder (MDD) in children and adolescents is strongly associated with recurrent depression in adulthood; other mental disorders; and increased risk for suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and suicide completion. Suicide is the second-leading cause of death among youth aged 10 to 19 years. Psychiatric disorders and previous suicide attempts increase suicide risk.
185. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Ina F Wallace.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Sara M Kennedy.;Joni McKeeman.;Kesha Hudson.;Caroline Rains.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Leila Kahwati.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷14期1445-1455页
Anxiety in children and adolescents is associated with impaired functioning, educational underachievement, and future mental health conditions.
186. Screening for Anxiety in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;Michael Silverstein.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷14期1438-1444页
Anxiety disorder, a common mental health condition in the US, comprises a group of related conditions characterized by excessive fear or worry that present as emotional and physical symptoms. The 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health found that 7.8% of children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years had a current anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorders in childhood and adolescence are associated with an increased likelihood of a future anxiety disorder or depression.
187. Screening for Depression and Suicide Risk in Children and Adolescents: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Meera Viswanathan.;Ina F Wallace.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Sara M Kennedy.;Joni McKeeman.;Kesha Hudson.;Caroline Rains.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Leila Kahwati.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷15期1543-1556页
Depression, suicidal ideation, and self-harm behaviors in youth are associated with functional impairment and suicide.
188. Estimated Global Proportions of Individuals With Persistent Fatigue, Cognitive, and Respiratory Symptom Clusters Following Symptomatic COVID-19 in 2020 and 2021.
作者: .;Sarah Wulf Hanson.;Cristiana Abbafati.;Joachim G Aerts.;Ziyad Al-Aly.;Charlie Ashbaugh.;Tala Ballouz.;Oleg Blyuss.;Polina Bobkova.;Gouke Bonsel.;Svetlana Borzakova.;Danilo Buonsenso.;Denis Butnaru.;Austin Carter.;Helen Chu.;Cristina De Rose.;Mohamed Mustafa Diab.;Emil Ekbom.;Maha El Tantawi.;Victor Fomin.;Robert Frithiof.;Aysylu Gamirova.;Petr V Glybochko.;Juanita A Haagsma.;Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard.;Erin B Hamilton.;Gabrielle Harris.;Majanka H Heijenbrok-Kal.;Raimund Helbok.;Merel E Hellemons.;David Hillus.;Susanne M Huijts.;Michael Hultström.;Waasila Jassat.;Florian Kurth.;Ing-Marie Larsson.;Miklós Lipcsey.;Chelsea Liu.;Callan D Loflin.;Andrei Malinovschi.;Wenhui Mao.;Lyudmila Mazankova.;Denise McCulloch.;Dominik Menges.;Noushin Mohammadifard.;Daniel Munblit.;Nikita A Nekliudov.;Osondu Ogbuoji.;Ismail M Osmanov.;José L Peñalvo.;Maria Skaalum Petersen.;Milo A Puhan.;Mujibur Rahman.;Verena Rass.;Nickolas Reinig.;Gerard M Ribbers.;Antonia Ricchiuto.;Sten Rubertsson.;Elmira Samitova.;Nizal Sarrafzadegan.;Anastasia Shikhaleva.;Kyle E Simpson.;Dario Sinatti.;Joan B Soriano.;Ekaterina Spiridonova.;Fridolin Steinbeis.;Andrey A Svistunov.;Piero Valentini.;Brittney J van de Water.;Rita van den Berg-Emons.;Ewa Wallin.;Martin Witzenrath.;Yifan Wu.;Hanzhang Xu.;Thomas Zoller.;Christopher Adolph.;James Albright.;Joanne O Amlag.;Aleksandr Y Aravkin.;Bree L Bang-Jensen.;Catherine Bisignano.;Rachel Castellano.;Emma Castro.;Suman Chakrabarti.;James K Collins.;Xiaochen Dai.;Farah Daoud.;Carolyn Dapper.;Amanda Deen.;Bruce B Duncan.;Megan Erickson.;Samuel B Ewald.;Alize J Ferrari.;Abraham D Flaxman.;Nancy Fullman.;Amiran Gamkrelidze.;John R Giles.;Gaorui Guo.;Simon I Hay.;Jiawei He.;Monika Helak.;Erin N Hulland.;Maia Kereselidze.;Kris J Krohn.;Alice Lazzar-Atwood.;Akiaja Lindstrom.;Rafael Lozano.;Deborah Carvalho Malta.;Johan Månsson.;Ana M Mantilla Herrera.;Ali H Mokdad.;Lorenzo Monasta.;Shuhei Nomura.;Maja Pasovic.;David M Pigott.;Robert C Reiner.;Grace Reinke.;Antonio Luiz P Ribeiro.;Damian Francesco Santomauro.;Aleksei Sholokhov.;Emma Elizabeth Spurlock.;Rebecca Walcott.;Ally Walker.;Charles Shey Wiysonge.;Peng Zheng.;Janet Prvu Bettger.;Christopher J L Murray.;Theo Vos.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷16期1604-1615页
Some individuals experience persistent symptoms after initial symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection (often referred to as Long COVID).
189. Acute Pulmonary Embolism: A Review.
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is characterized by occlusion of blood flow in a pulmonary artery, typically due to a thrombus that travels from a vein in a lower limb. The incidence of PE is approximately 60 to 120 per 100 000 people per year. Approximately 60 000 to 100 000 patients die from PE each year in the US.
191. Screening for Syphilis Infection in Nonpregnant Adolescents and Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Reaffirmation Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷12期1243-1249页
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can progress through different stages (primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary) and cause serious health problems if left untreated. Reported cases of primary and secondary syphilis in the US increased from a record low of 2.1 cases per 100 000 population in 2000 and 2001 to 11.9 cases per 100 000 population in 2019. Men account for the majority of cases (83% of primary and secondary syphilis cases in 2019), and rates among women nearly tripled from 2015 to 2019.
192. The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity.
作者: Julie M Donohue.;Evan S Cole.;Cara V James.;Marian Jarlenski.;Jamila D Michener.;Eric T Roberts.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷11期1085-1099页
Medicaid is the largest health insurance program by enrollment in the US and has an important role in financing care for eligible low-income adults, children, pregnant persons, older adults, people with disabilities, and people from racial and ethnic minority groups. Medicaid has evolved with policy reform and expansion under the Affordable Care Act and is at a crossroads in balancing its role in addressing health disparities and health inequities against fiscal and political pressures to limit spending.
193. Association of HIV Infection With Cardiovascular Pathology Based on Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging: A Systematic Review.
作者: Jonathan A Hudson.;Edith D Majonga.;Rashida A Ferrand.;Pablo Perel.;Shirjel R Alam.;Anoop S V Shah.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷10期951-962页
HIV-associated cardiovascular disease is increasing in prevalence, but its mechanisms remain poorly understood.
194. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Emily B Vander Schaaf.;Sean Riley.;Bianca A Allison.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Claire Baker.;Rania Ali.;Christiane E Voisin.;Erin S LeBlanc.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷10期968-979页
Of youths diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, many develop microvascular complications by young adulthood.
195. Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes in Children and Adolescents: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Karina W Davidson.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;Chien-Wen Tseng.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷10期963-967页
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 210 000 children and adolescents younger than 20 years had diabetes as of 2018; of these, approximately 23 000 had type 2 diabetes. Youth with type 2 diabetes have an increased prevalence of associated chronic comorbid conditions, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Data indicate that the incidence of type 2 diabetes is rising; from 2002-2003 to 2014-2015, incidence increased from 9.0 cases per 100 000 children and adolescents to 13.8 cases per 100 000 children and adolescents.
196. Diagnosis and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes: A Review.
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS), formerly known as myelodysplastic syndromes, are clonal hematopoietic malignancies that cause morphologic bone marrow dysplasia along with anemia, neutropenia, or thrombocytopenia. MDS are associated with an increased risk of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The yearly incidence of MDS is approximately 4 per 100 000 people in the United States and is higher among patients with advanced age.
197. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Roger Chou.;Amy Cantor.;Tracy Dana.;Jesse Wagner.;Azrah Y Ahmed.;Rongwei Fu.;Maros Ferencik.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷8期754-771页
A 2016 review for the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found use of statins for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was associated with reduced mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.
198. Statin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Adults: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.
作者: .;Carol M Mangione.;Michael J Barry.;Wanda K Nicholson.;Michael Cabana.;David Chelmow.;Tumaini Rucker Coker.;Esa M Davis.;Katrina E Donahue.;Carlos Roberto Jaén.;Martha Kubik.;Li Li.;Gbenga Ogedegbe.;Lori Pbert.;John M Ruiz.;James Stevermer.;John B Wong.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷8期746-753页
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and death in the US and is the cause of more than 1 of every 4 deaths. Coronary heart disease is the single leading cause of death and accounts for 43% of deaths attributable to CVD in the US. In 2019, an estimated 558 000 deaths were caused by coronary heart disease and 109 000 deaths were caused by ischemic stroke.
199. Barrett Esophagus: A Review.
Barrett esophagus is characterized by the replacement of normal esophageal squamous cell epithelium with columnar metaplasia and affects approximately 5% of people in the US and approximately 1% worldwide. Approximately 3% to 5% of patients with Barrett esophagus will be diagnosed with esophageal adenocarcinoma in their lifetime.
200. Association of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy With Ticagrelor With Vein Graft Failure After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Sigrid Sandner.;Björn Redfors.;Dominick J Angiolillo.;Katia Audisio.;Stephen E Fremes.;Paul W A Janssen.;Alexander Kulik.;Roxana Mehran.;Joyce Peper.;Marc Ruel.;Jacqueline Saw.;Giovanni Jr Soletti.;Andrew Starovoytov.;Jurrien M Ten Berg.;Laura M Willemsen.;Qiang Zhao.;Yunpeng Zhu.;Mario Gaudino.
来源: JAMA. 2022年328卷6期554-562页
The role of ticagrelor with or without aspirin after coronary artery bypass graft surgery remains unclear.
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