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181. Diagnosis and Management of Infertility: A Review.
In the US, approximately 12.7% of reproductive age women seek treatment for infertility each year. This review summarizes current evidence regarding diagnosis and treatment of infertility.
183. Transcatheter Treatment of Valvular Heart Disease: A Review.
More than 40 million people are living with either mitral or aortic valve disease worldwide, and more than 180 000 heart valve replacement surgeries are performed each year in the US. Transcatheter valve repair has emerged as an important therapeutic option for patients who are candidates for heart valve replacement.
184. Guidelines for Reporting Trial Protocols and Completed Trials Modified Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic and Other Extenuating Circumstances: The CONSERVE 2021 Statement.
作者: Aaron M Orkin.;Peter J Gill.;Davina Ghersi.;Lisa Campbell.;Jeremy Sugarman.;Richard Emsley.;Philippe Gabriel Steg.;Charles Weijer.;John Simes.;Tanja Rombey.;Hywel C Williams.;Janet Wittes.;David Moher.;Dawn P Richards.;Yvette Kasamon.;Kenneth Getz.;Sally Hopewell.;Kay Dickersin.;Taixiang Wu.;Ana Patricia Ayala.;Kenneth F Schulz.;Sabine Calleja.;Isabelle Boutron.;Joseph S Ross.;Robert M Golub.;Karim M Khan.;Cindy Mulrow.;Nandi Siegfried.;Joerg Heber.;Naomi Lee.;Pamela Reed Kearney.;Rhoda K Wanyenze.;Asbjørn Hróbjartsson.;Rebecca Williams.;Nita Bhandari.;Peter Jüni.;An-Wen Chan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2021年326卷3期257-265页
Extenuating circumstances can trigger unplanned changes to randomized trials and introduce methodological, ethical, feasibility, and analytical challenges that can potentially compromise the validity of findings. Numerous randomized trials have required changes in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, but guidance for reporting such modifications is incomplete.
185. Acute Treatments for Episodic Migraine in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Juliana H VanderPluym.;Rashmi B Halker Singh.;Meritxell Urtecho.;Allison S Morrow.;Tarek Nayfeh.;Victor D Torres Roldan.;Magdoleen H Farah.;Bashar Hasan.;Samer Saadi.;Sahrish Shah.;Rami Abd-Rabu.;Lubna Daraz.;Larry J Prokop.;Mohammad Hassan Murad.;Zhen Wang.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷23期2357-2369页
Migraine is common and can be associated with significant morbidity, and several treatment options exist for acute therapy.
186. Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: A Review.
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a challenging condition that affects an estimated 26% of the world's female population. Chronic pelvic pain accounts for 40% of laparoscopies and 12% of hysterectomies in the US annually even though the origin of CPP is not gynecologic in 80% of patients. Both patients and clinicians are often frustrated by a perceived lack of treatments. This review summarizes the evaluation and management of CPP using recommendations from consensus guidelines to facilitate clinical evaluation, treatment, improved care, and more positive patient-clinician interactions.
187. General Health Checks in Adult Primary Care: A Review.
作者: David T Liss.;Toshiko Uchida.;Cheryl L Wilkes.;Ankitha Radakrishnan.;Jeffrey A Linder.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷22期2294-2306页
General health checks, also known as general medical examinations, periodic health evaluations, checkups, routine visits, or wellness visits, are commonly performed in adult primary care to identify and prevent disease. Although general health checks are often expected and advocated by patients, clinicians, insurers, and health systems, others question their value.
188. Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease Without Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia: A Review.
Lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) affects approximately 8.5 million people in the US and approximately 230 million worldwide.
189. Counseling and Behavioral Interventions for Healthy Weight and Weight Gain in Pregnancy: Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Amy G Cantor.;Rebecca M Jungbauer.;Marian McDonagh.;Ian Blazina.;Nicole E Marshall.;Chandler Weeks.;Rongwei Fu.;Erin S LeBlanc.;Roger Chou.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷20期2094-2109页
Counseling and active behavioral interventions to limit excess gestational weight gain (GWG) during pregnancy may improve health outcomes for women and infants. The 2009 National Academy of Medicine (NAM; formerly the Institute of Medicine) recommendations for healthy GWG vary according to prepregnancy weight category.
190. Triple vs Dual Inhaler Therapy and Asthma Outcomes in Moderate to Severe Asthma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Lisa H Y Kim.;Carol Saleh.;Anna Whalen-Browne.;Paul M O'Byrne.;Derek K Chu.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷24期2466-2479页
The benefits and harms of adding long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting β2-agonists (LABAs) for moderate to severe asthma remain unclear.
191. Screening for Colorectal Cancer: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Jennifer S Lin.;Leslie A Perdue.;Nora B Henrikson.;Sarah I Bean.;Paula R Blasi.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷19期1978-1998页
Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the US.
192. Diagnosis and Management of Headache: A Review.
Approximately 90% of people in the US experience headache during their lifetime. Migraine is the second leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide.
193. Diagnosis and Management of Stable Angina: A Review.
Nearly 10 million US adults experience stable angina, which occurs when myocardial oxygen supply does not meet demand, resulting in myocardial ischemia. Stable angina is associated with an average annual risk of 3% to 4% for myocardial infarction or death. Diagnostic tests and medical therapies for stable angina have evolved over the last decade with a better understanding of the optimal use of coronary revascularization.
195. Screening for Hypertension in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Janelle M Guirguis-Blake.;Corinne V Evans.;Elizabeth M Webber.;Erin L Coppola.;Leslie A Perdue.;Meghan Soulsby Weyrich.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷16期1657-1669页
Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and can be modified through lifestyle and pharmacological interventions to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality.
196. Oral Antiplatelet Therapy After Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Review.
作者: Hassan Kamran.;Hani Jneid.;Waleed T Kayani.;Salim S Virani.;Glenn N Levine.;Vijay Nambi.;Umair Khalid.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷15期1545-1555页
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States with an annual incidence of approximately 1 million. Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT), consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor (clopidogrel, ticagrelor, or prasugrel) reduces cardiovascular event rates after ACS.
197. Screening for Vitamin D Deficiency in Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Leila C Kahwati.;Erin LeBlanc.;Rachel Palmieri Weber.;Kayla Giger.;Rachel Clark.;Kara Suvada.;Amy Guisinger.;Meera Viswanathan.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷14期1443-1463页
Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with adverse clinical outcomes; identifying and treating deficiency may improve outcomes.
198. Screening for Hearing Loss in Older Adults: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Cynthia Feltner.;Ina F Wallace.;Christine E Kistler.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Daniel E Jonas.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷12期1202-1215页
Hearing loss is common in older adults and associated with adverse health and social outcomes.
199. Diagnosis and Management of Transient Ischemic Attack and Acute Ischemic Stroke: A Review.
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and a leading cause of disability in the United States, affecting nearly 800 000 individuals annually.
200. Screening for Lung Cancer With Low-Dose Computed Tomography: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force.
作者: Daniel E Jonas.;Daniel S Reuland.;Shivani M Reddy.;Max Nagle.;Stephen D Clark.;Rachel Palmieri Weber.;Chineme Enyioha.;Teri L Malo.;Alison T Brenner.;Charli Armstrong.;Manny Coker-Schwimmer.;Jennifer Cook Middleton.;Christiane Voisin.;Russell P Harris.
来源: JAMA. 2021年325卷10期971-987页
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in the US.
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