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1. BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection.
作者: Alexander C Schmidt.;Lee Fairlie.;Elizabeth Hellström.;Angelique Luabeya Kany Kany.;Keren Middelkoop.;Kogieleum Naidoo.;Gonasagrie Nair.;Anele Gela.;Elisa Nemes.;Thomas J Scriba.;Amy Cinar.;Nicole Frahm.;Robin Mogg.;David Kaufman.;Michael W Dunne.;Mark Hatherill.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷18期1789-1800页
In a previous phase 2 trial, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) revaccination was not shown to provide protection from primary Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection but prevented sustained M. tuberculosis infection, defined by an initial conversion on a QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) test (an interferon-γ release assay) from negative to positive, followed by two additional positive QFT tests at 3 and 6 months after the initial conversion (a secondary end point). A vaccine efficacy of 45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6 to 68) was observed.
2. Tumor-Infiltrating Clonal Hematopoiesis.
作者: Oriol Pich.;Elsa Bernard.;Maria Zagorulya.;Andrew Rowan.;Constandina Pospori.;Ramy Slama.;Hector Huerga Encabo.;Jennifer O'Sullivan.;Despoina Papazoglou.;Panayiotis Anastasiou.;Chrysante S Iliakis.;Sally-Ann Clark.;Krijn K Dijkstra.;Vittorio Barbè.;Chris Bailey.;Aaron J Stonestrom.;Katey S S Enfield.;Mary Green.;Charlotte K Brierley.;Alastair Magness.;David R Pearce.;Robert E Hynds.;Rija Zaidi.;Jayant K Rane.;Ángel F Álvarez-Prado.;Kerstin Thol.;Rachel Scott.;Supreet Kaur Bola.;Elena Hoxha.;Steve K Harris.;Karl S Peggs.;Sergio A Quezada.;Allan Hackshaw.;Simone Zaccaria.;Johanna A Joyce.;Ilaria Malanchi.;Michael F Berger.;Mariam Jamal-Hanjani.;Andreas Wack.;Julian Downward.;William Grey.;Cristina Lo Celso.;Eva Grönroos.;Charles M Rudin.;Adam J Mead.;Dominique Bonnet.;Elli Papaemmanuil.;Charles Swanton.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷16期1594-1608页
Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is an age-related condition associated with increased mortality among patients with cancer. CHIP mutations with high variant-allele frequencies can be detected in tumors, a phenomenon we term tumor-infiltrating clonal hematopoiesis (TI-CH). The frequency of TI-CH and its effect on tumor evolution are unclear.
3. Assessment of a Polygenic Risk Score in Screening for Prostate Cancer.
作者: Jana K McHugh.;Elizabeth K Bancroft.;Edward Saunders.;Mark N Brook.;Eva McGrowder.;Sarah Wakerell.;Denzil James.;Reshma Rageevakumar.;Barbara Benton.;Natalie Taylor.;Kathryn Myhill.;Matthew Hogben.;Netty Kinsella.;Aslam A Sohaib.;Declan Cahill.;Stephen Hazell.;Samuel J Withey.;Naami Mcaddy.;Elizabeth C Page.;Andrea Osborne.;Sarah Benafif.;Ann-Britt Jones.;Dhruv Patel.;Dean Y Huang.;Kaljit Kaur.;Bradley Russell.;Ray Nicholson.;Fionnuala Croft.;Justyna Sobczak.;Claire McNally.;Fiona Mutch.;Samantha Bennett.;Lenita Kingston.;Questa Karlsson.;Tokhir Dadaev.;Sibel Saya.;Susan Merson.;Angela Wood.;Nening Dennis.;Nafisa Hussain.;Alison Thwaites.;Syed Hussain.;Imran Rafi.;Michelle Ferris.;Pardeep Kumar.;Nicholas D James.;Nora Pashayan.;Zsofia Kote-Jarai.;Rosalind A Eeles.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷14期1406-1417页
The incidence of prostate cancer is increasing. Screening with an assay of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has a high rate for false positive results. Genomewide association studies have identified common germline variants in persons with prostate cancer, which can be used to calculate a polygenic risk score associated with risk of prostate cancer.
4. Modest Blood Pressure Increase with Age in Adults with Down's Syndrome.
作者: Andrea Kelly.;Meghan Shirley Bezerra.;Kate Fitzpatrick.;Kat Adams.;Ahtish Arputhan.;Rachel Walega.;Patricia Y Chu.;John Cockcroft.;Raymond R Townsend.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷13期1346-1348页 5. The Genetic Architecture of Congenital Diarrhea and Enteropathy.
作者: Zeenat Gaibee.;Neil Warner.;Katlynn Bugda Gwilt.;Wenjuan Li.;Rei Guan.;Michael Yourshaw.;Ryder Whittaker Hawkins.;Christiane Zorbas.;Jonathan St-Germain.;Mahdi Tabatabaie.;Suli Mao.;Vered Pinsk.;Baruch Yerushalmi.;Lee-Kai Wang.;Stanley F Nelson.;Laura Wozniak.;Dror S Shouval.;Manar Matar.;Amit Assa.;Nathaniel Frost.;Lissette Jimenez.;Sari Acra.;Thomas Walters.;Stephen Mouat.;Michael Li.;Denis L J Lafontaine.;Matthew Tyska.;Brian Raught.;Yaron Avitzur.;Wayne I Lencer.;James R Goldenring.;Martín G Martín.;Jay R Thiagarajah.;Aleixo M Muise.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷13期1297-1309页
Next-generation sequencing has enabled precision therapeutic approaches that have improved the lives of children with rare diseases. Congenital diarrhea and enteropathies (CODEs) are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Although treatment of these disorders is largely supportive, emerging targeted therapies based on genetic diagnoses include specific diets, pharmacologic treatments, and surgical interventions.
6. Incidence of Scrub Typhus in Rural South India.
作者: Carol Devamani.;Neal Alexander.;Daniel Chandramohan.;John Stenos.;Mary Cameron.;Kundavaram P P Abhilash.;Punam Mangtani.;Stuart Blacksell.;Huong Thi Thu Vu.;Winsley Rose.;Wolf-Peter Schmidt.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷11期1089-1099页
Hospital studies suggest that scrub typhus is a leading cause of severe undifferentiated fever in regions across Asia where the disease is endemic, but the population-based incidence of infection and illness has been little studied.
8. Low-Dose Yellow Fever Vaccine in Adults in Africa.
作者: Derick Kimathi.;Aitana Juan-Giner.;Ndeye S Bob.;Benedict Orindi.;Maria L Namulwana.;Antoine Diatta.;Stanley Cheruiyot.;Gamou Fall.;Moussa Dia.;Mainga M Hamaluba.;Dan Nyehangane.;Henry K Karanja.;John N Gitonga.;Daisy Mugo.;Donwilliams O Omuoyo.;Mwatasa Hussein.;Elizaphan Oloo.;Naomi Kamau.;Jackline Wafula.;Josephine Bendera.;Namanya Silvester.;James Mwavita.;Musiimenta Joshua.;Jane Mwendwa.;Collins Agababyona.;Caroline Ngetsa.;Nalusaji Aisha.;Felix Moki.;Titus Buluku.;Marianne Munene.;Juliet Mwanga-Amumpaire.;Julius Lutwama.;John Kayiwa.;Eunice Kamaara.;Alan D Barrett.;Pontiano Kaleebu.;Philip Bejon.;Amadou A Sall.;Rebecca F Grais.;George M Warimwe.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷8期788-797页
Yellow fever vaccine is highly effective with a single dose, but vaccine supply is limited. The minimum dose requirements for seroconversion remain unknown.
9. Identifying and Targeting TNF Signaling in Idiopathic Multicentric Castleman's Disease.
作者: Melanie D Mumau.;Michael V Gonzalez.;Chunyu Ma.;Abiola H Irvine.;Mateo Sarmiento Bustamante.;Saishravan Shyamsundar.;Luke Y C Chen.;David Koslicki.;David C Fajgenbaum.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期616-618页 10. CD4+ T-Cell Lymphoma Harboring a Chimeric Antigen Receptor Integration in TP53.
作者: Karlo Perica.;Nayan Jain.;Michael Scordo.;Ruchi Patel.;Ozgur Can Eren.;Utsav Patel.;Gunes Gundem.;Dylan Domenico.;Sneha Mitra.;Nicholas D Socci.;John K Everett.;Aoife M Roche.;Angelina Petrichenko.;Gunjan L Shah.;Maria E Arcila.;Laetitia Borsu.;Jae H Park.;Steven M Horwitz.;Sergio A Giralt.;Ahmet Dogan.;Christina Leslie.;Elli Papaemmanuil.;Frederic D Bushman.;Saad Z Usmani.;Michel Sadelain.;Sham Mailankody.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期577-583页
Malignant T-cell transformation after chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been described, but the contribution of CAR integration to oncogenesis is not clear. Here we report a case of a T-cell lymphoma harboring a lentiviral integration in a known tumor suppressor, TP53, which developed in a patient with multiple myeloma after B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) CAR T-cell therapy.
11. Efficacy of Zenocutuzumab in NRG1 Fusion-Positive Cancer.
作者: Alison M Schram.;Koichi Goto.;Dong-Wan Kim.;Teresa Macarulla.;Antoine Hollebecque.;Eileen M O'Reilly.;Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou.;Jordi Rodon.;Sun Young Rha.;Kazumi Nishino.;Michaël Duruisseaux.;Joon Oh Park.;Cindy Neuzillet.;Stephen V Liu.;Benjamin A Weinberg.;James M Cleary.;Emiliano Calvo.;Kumiko Umemoto.;Misako Nagasaka.;Christoph Springfeld.;Tanios Bekaii-Saab.;Grainne M O'Kane.;Frans Opdam.;Kim A Reiss.;Andrew K Joe.;Ernesto Wasserman.;Viktoriya Stalbovskaya.;Jim Ford.;Shola Adeyemi.;Lokesh Jain.;Shekeab Jauhari.;Alexander Drilon.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷6期566-576页
Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions are recurrent oncogenic drivers found in multiple solid tumors. NRG1 binds to human epidermal growth factor receptor 3 (HER3), leading to heterodimerization with HER2 and activation of downstream growth and proliferation pathways. The efficacy and safety of zenocutuzumab, a bispecific antibody against HER2 and HER3, in patients with NRG1 fusion-positive solid tumors are unclear.
13. Acquired Osteomalacia Associated with Autoantibodies against PHEX.
作者: Yoshitomo Hoshino.;Kazuo Okamoto.;Tomohiro Ogawa.;Hajime Kato.;Koki Irie.;So Watanabe.;Soichiro Kimura.;Naoko Hidaka.;Yuka Kinoshita.;Hiroshi Kobayashi.;Daisuke Hagiwara.;Masakazu Kogawa.;Hiroshi Takayanagi.;Sakae Tanaka.;Masaomi Nangaku.;Noriko Makita.;Peter D Burbelo.;Taku Saito.;Nobuaki Ito.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期513-515页 14. Oral Regimens for Rifampin-Resistant, Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible Tuberculosis.
作者: Lorenzo Guglielmetti.;Uzma Khan.;Gustavo E Velásquez.;Maelenn Gouillou.;Amanzhan Abubakirov.;Elisabeth Baudin.;Elmira Berikova.;Catherine Berry.;Maryline Bonnet.;Matteo Cellamare.;Vijay Chavan.;Vivian Cox.;Zhanna Dakenova.;Bouke Catherine de Jong.;Gabriella Ferlazzo.;Aydarkhan Karabayev.;Ohanna Kirakosyan.;Nana Kiria.;Mikanda Kunda.;Nathalie Lachenal.;Leonid Lecca.;Helen McIlleron.;Ilaria Motta.;Sergio Mucching Toscano.;Hebah Mushtaque.;Payam Nahid.;Lawrence Oyewusi.;Samiran Panda.;Sandip Patil.;Patrick P J Phillips.;Jimena Ruiz.;Naseem Salahuddin.;Epifanio Sanchez Garavito.;Kwonjune J Seung.;Eduardo Ticona.;Lorenzo Trippa.;Dante E Vargas Vasquez.;Sean Wasserman.;Michael L Rich.;Francis Varaine.;Carole D Mitnick.; .
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷5期468-482页
For decades, poor treatment options and low-quality evidence plagued care for patients with rifampin-resistant tuberculosis. The advent of new drugs to treat tuberculosis and enhanced funding now permit randomized, controlled trials of shortened-duration, all-oral treatments for rifampin-resistant tuberculosis.
15. Platelet-Targeted Gene Therapy for Hemophilia A with Inhibitor History.
作者: Mary Eapen.;Lynn M Malec.;Myriam A Armant.;Bryon D Johnson.;Qizhen Shi.;Huiqing Xu.;Lily M Du.;James H Jerkins.;Lisa J Duffy.;Frederic D Bushman.;Carole Lee.;Angelina Petrichenko.;Peiman Hematti.;Ruta Brazauskas.;Shawn M Jobe.;Parameswaran N Hari.;David A Wilcox.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷4期412-414页 18. Prenatal cfDNA Sequencing and Incidental Detection of Maternal Cancer.
作者: Amy E Turriff.;Christina M Annunziata.;Ashkan A Malayeri.;Bernadette Redd.;Miroslava Pavelova.;Ian S Goldlust.;Padma Sheila Rajagopal.;Jielu Lin.;Diana W Bianchi.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷22期2123-2132页
Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) sequence analysis to screen for fetal aneuploidy can incidentally detect maternal cancer. Additional data are needed to identify DNA-sequencing patterns and other biomarkers that can identify pregnant persons who are most likely to have cancer and to determine the best approach for follow-up.
19. Transmission as a Key Driver of Resistance to the New Tuberculosis Drugs.
作者: Galo A Goig.;Chloé Loiseau.;Nino Maghradze.;Kakha Mchedlishvili.;Teona Avaliani.;Daniela Brites.;Sonia Borrell.;Rusudan Aspindzelashvili.;Zaza Avaliani.;Maia Kipiani.;Nestani Tukvadze.;Levan Jugheli.;Sebastien Gagneux.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2025年392卷1期97-99页 20. Long-Distance Spread of a Highly Drug-Resistant Epidemic Cholera Strain.
作者: Caroline Rouard.;Louis Collet.;Elisabeth Njamkepo.;Claire Jenkins.;Rosalie Sacheli.;Thierry Benoit-Cattin.;Julie Figoni.;François-Xavier Weill.
来源: N Engl J Med. 2024年391卷23期2271-2273页 |