Early detection of drug-induced pulmonary parenchymal injuries is often hampered by nonspecific clinical and X-ray manifestations. The diagnosis is usually based on a history of drug use, clinical and X-ray presentation, and exclusion of other causes of lung tissue injury. Chemical preparations most commonly cause pathological pulmonary changes. Overall, about 10% of all patients receiving chemotherapy develop pathological changes in the lung parenchyma. The main chemical preparations causing lung injury are bleomycin, methotrexate, carmustine, busulfan, and cyclophosphamide. Out of all examination techniques, computed tomography is most sensitive in determining the presence, specific features, and trends in the development of drug-induced pulmonary parenchymal disease. The paper gives the data available in the literature and 2 clinical observations of pulmonary parenchymal disease induced by bleomycin and methotrexate.

Teeth changes after chemotherapy are of clinical importance, but no morphological studies were conducted on microscopic level.

The article presents a brief overview of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs in the treatment of prostate cancer. The authors report their experience with this drug class by an example of Diferelin. The experience with abiraterone in treatment of patients with hormonal resistance is described.

To study E-cadherin and β-catenin expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases in order to assess the impact of different drug therapy regimens on the adhesive properties of tumor cells.

For more than 40 years L-asparaginases are used in combined therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and the range of tumors sensitive to these enzymes constantly extends. This review summarizes results of studies aimed at creation of new systems for heterological expression of bacterial L-asparaginases as Erwinia carotovora (EwA), Helicobacter pylori (HpA), Yersinia pseudotuberculosis (YpA) and Rhodospirillum rubrum (RrA); special attention is paid to isolation of purified enzymes and their crystallization, modification by chitosan/polyethylene, physicochemical, kinetic and structural properties characterization, and the study of the cytotoxic or anti-proliferative activity of new recombinant L-asparaginases on cell cultures in vitro. The resultant recombinant L-asparaginases (EwA, YpA, HpA и RrA) exhibit reasonable cytotoxic action on the human leukemia cells comparable to the pharmacologically available L-asparaginase EcA and represent practical interest in respect to creation, on their basis, new effective antineoplastic remedies. Further prospects of researches on bacterial L-asparaginases are associated with development of analogs of Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA) by means of directed changes of the protein structure using genetic engineering, development of chito-PEGylation for receiving L-asparaginase preparations with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics.

This paper gives an account of an experimental and clinical application of super-low frequency scanning magnetic field in patients with noninvasive bladder cancer treated with adjuvant intravesical gemcitabine chemotherapy. Treatment of isolated bladder cancer cells incubated with gemcitabine by this physical factor increased the permeability of cell membranes to the chemotherapy drug. This effect was demonstrated by increased fluorescence intensity of cancer cells. Clinical application of this combination therapy technology showed 2,8-fold increase of disease-free survival interval compared to early recurrences in the control group. These results indicate the potential of biophysical mechanisms to increase chemotherapy effectiveness.

Gemcitabine is known to exert a therapeutic effect on brain tumors despite the limited permeability of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In our experimental research single intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of gemcitabine 25 mg/kg provided increase in median survival of mice with intracranially transplanted Ehrlich carcinoma by 41-89% (p < 0.001). In this experimental model i.p. administration of gemcitabine (permeability of the BBB of less than 10%), carmustine (good permeability of the BBB), cyclophosphamide (poor permeability of the BBB) and cisplatin (doesn't penetrate through the BBB) increased median survival of mice by 88% (p < 0.001), 59% (p = 0.001), 35% (p = 0.005) and 18% (p = 0.302) respectively. Considering strong correlation between antitumor activity of the drugs (carmustine, cyclophosphamide and cisplatin) and their permeability of the BBB, efficacy of gemcitabine in intracranial tumors could be due to its wide range of therapeutic doses.

In this work there is considered the possibility of correction of therapy for weakness syndrome in incurable patients with the use of drugs affecting dopamine and serotonin exchanges. It is showed that the use of 100 mg of ladasten, 16 mg of ondansetron orally per day and 50 mg of agomelatine per night is more effective in therapy for fatigue/weakness syndrome in incurable cancer patients compared to standard therapy.

Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) comprise a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies from mesenchymal tissues. The biology of STS causes high aggressiveness, poor prognosis due to early development of distant metastases and limited chemotherapeutic options due to tumor resistance. The paper considers the current principles of chemotherapy for early and metastatic disease. Results of own experience of advanced STS patients' treatment are presented and discussed.

This article is about the possibilities of increasing effectiveness and reducing toxicity in standard chemotherapy for cancer. Three possibilities are described: mechanisms of and overcoming multidrug resistance, selective transportation and drug delivery using vectors and artificial vehicles, and individualization of anticancer therapy.

Using of radiochemotherapy improves short-term and long-term results of treatment in patients with primary Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) comparing with treatment by chemotherapy alone. The rates of 5-year, 10-year OS and DFS are 88%, 83% and 90%, 86% in case of radiochemotherapy, versus 73%, 66% and 72%, 68% using chemotherapy alone. The 5-year and 10-year OS, DFS estimates in treatment with ABVD are 84% and 83%, 75% and 74%; BEACOPP-baseline--83% and 82%, 82% and 81% (p < 0.05). At the same time ABVD chemotherapy develops less toxicity (p < 0.001). The treatment with 6 cycles of ABVD is considered as the most appropriate in primary Hodgkin's lymphoma patients with extranodal lesions. Using more than 6 cycles doesn't seem to improve OS and DFS (the 5-year and 10-year DFS, OS estimates are 79% and 72%, 80% and 77% versus 88% and 87%, 90% and 89% (p < 0.05). Comparison of complications rate during chemotherapy with MOPP (919 cycles), ABVD (1300 cycles), BEACOPP-baseline (584 cycles), BEACOPP-escalated (140 cycles) reveals major hematologic toxicity and infectious complications rate in BEACOPP-escalated program (p < 0.05).

Eribulin is a novel antimicrotubule drug, which is approved in the second line treatment of advanced breast cancer in patients who received anthracyclines and taxanes. The article presents the results of two huge phase III clinical trials (301, 305) and their pooled analysis. Eribulin monotherapy demonstates staistically significant improved overall survival compared to standart treatments (15.2 mnths vs 12.8 mnths, p = 0.03 in pooled analysis). Certain subgroups of patients--Her2-negative and triple-negative have the most survival benefit. According to own experience with Eribulin inside the clinical trials, presented in the article, the drug is effective and well tolerated even by older patients.

Endogenous intoxication and immune insufficiency accompany neoplastic process. Complex therapy for cancer worsens these pathologic conditions by its adverse effects (AE) and thus complicates treatment. Efferent therapy can provide continuity of antineoplastic therapy with normalization of hemostasis and decreasing the rate of AE and their intensity. Efferent therapy meaningfully increases patient's quality of life and decreases the needed drug support when used as a part of complex therapy. Proper use of efferent therapy can markedly increase efficacy of surgical treatment, radiation therapy and drug therapy.

To study the concentrations of intraocular cytokines in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) before and after intravitreal ranibizumab injection and to compare the results with clinical activity of the disease and treatment efficacy.

New approach to synthesis of analogs of natural Combretastatin A-4 based on interaction of α-acetylenic ketones with secondary amines (diethyl amine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine) is offered. Unknown analogs of Combretastatin A-4 with β-aminovinylcarbonyl bridges are received earlier. Anti-inflammatory activity of the received connections is studied.

Binase--Bacillus pumilus RNase--endonuclease cleaves the phosphodiester bond between the 3'-guanylic residue and the 5'-OH residue of adjacent nucleotides with the formation of corresponding intermediate 2',3'-cGMP. Subsequent hydrolysis of 2',3'-cGMP into 3'-phosphate is highly specific and occurs slowly So the question arises about the existing time of that positional isomer during RNA catalytic cleavage by binase and about 2',3'-cGMP role in antitumor activity of the enzyme: In present work by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay we established that during catalytic cleavage of RNA by binase 2',3'-cGMP is preserved in reaction mixture for an hour, at the same time phosphodiesterases activation doesn't lead to the total elimination of 2',3'-cGMP. The highest amount of 2',3'-cGMP was observed under the pH 8.5, it reaches nanomolar concentration at initial RNA concentration of 100-1000 μg/mL. Exogenous 2',3'-cGMP, like its positional isomer 3',5'-cGMP, doesn't trigger an apoptosis of human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells, which are sensitive to binase apoptogenic action. Taking into account data about binase internalization and activation of mitochondrial pores opening by 2',3'-cyclic guanosine phosphates we may consider that 2',3'-cGMP can contribute to the apoptosis initiated by binase only when 2',3'-cGMP is generated intracellularly.

The purpose of this paper was to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy (RT) of local recurrence of rectal cancer (MRRPK) by setting the preferred modes and dynamic medium dose fractionation irradiation MRRPK, assessing immediate outcomes, identifying the frequency and severity of early radiation reactions during radiation therapy. The study included 60 patients with a diagnosis of "local recurrence of rectal cancer." The median age was 67 years. Terms of recurrence after surgical treatment averaged 20 months. The histological structure of the tumor was presented adenocarcinoma in 57 (95%) patients. Radiation therapy (RT) was carried out in medium or dynamic fractionation. Chemotherapy used pelleted 5-fluorouracil. In group 1 (20 patients) received palliative radiotherapy course with a fractional dose of 3 Gy to 42 Gy SOD (SDeq 51 Gy). In group 2 (20 patients) underwent a course of radiotherapy using dynamic dose fractionation: fractional dose--4, 3 and 2 Gy to 51 Gy SDeq. In the third group (20 patients) underwent combined treatment using dynamic dose fractionation: fractional dose--4, 3 and 2 Gy to 56 Gy SDeq and chemotherapy--Xeloda or ftorafur. In group 1 complete regression was achieved in 1 patient, partial regression--15, stabilization--at 3, progression--at 1, that is clinical effect was observed in 19 of 20 patients. In group 2, complete regression of the tumor was diagnosed in 3 patients, partial regression--17, therefore, 100% of patients had received clinical effect. According to follow-up, 5 patients in this group were subsequently. In the third group of complete regression of the tumor was diagnosed in 7 patients, partial regression--13, ie, 100% of patients had received clinical effect. According to follow-up, 7 patients in this group were subsequently operated. Among the radiation reaction in group 1 nausea 1 tbsp. was observed in 3 patients, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--15, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--4 patients; in group 2, nausea 1 degree--At 7, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--At 7, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--In 6 patients and 6 reactions were observed; in the third group of nausea 1st. was observed in 7 patients, radiation Recto 1-2 degree--At 9, radiation epithelitis 1-2 degree--At 8 and 3 patients reactions were observed. Thus, when irradiated in the dynamic fractionation showed less pronounced dose response as beam during treatment, and after. Increasing the total dose with the addition radiomodification increases the frequency of complete responses with acceptable toxicity. As a result of treatment in all patients achieved a significant reduction in pain, relief of bleeding.

Antitumor activity of the novel for oncology compound, such as polysuccinimide, against some of experimental tumor models (Lewis lung carcinoma, Acatol adenocarcinoma, Ca-755 adenocarcinoma) has been established. This drug induced 60-80% tumor growth inhibition of these murine solid tumor strains. Polysuccinimide is also effective (60%) against development of metastatic process in lung (Lewis lung carcinoma). Polysuccinimide causes no changes in pH level in tumor tissue (P-388 leukemia, Acatol adenocarcinoma). This agent may be recommended for further profound preclinical study.

The objective of the present study was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the ototoxic action of cisplatin after its single administration using an experimental model (white mice). Short latency acoustically evoked potentials (SAEP) and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) were recorded for the purpose. The results of the study confirm the possibility of using the proposed model for the estimation of the cisplatin-induced loss of hearing. It was shown that a single cisplatin dose causes hearing impairment in the mice within 7 days after its administration; with the maximum effect becoming apparent on day 30.

Metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC) in an adrenal gland develops in 1.8% of cases (in synchrony or in metachrony) for patients with liver metastatic lesion and aggravates for certain prognosis for long-term survival. There are no data concerning colorectal metastasis in an adrenal gland with tumor thrombosis of inferior vena cava (IVC) in world-wide literature. A patient, 57 years old, on 04.29.11 underwent palliative distal sigmoid colectomy in respect of CRC pT3N2M1 (metastatic lesion of liver right lobe). Process stabilization was noticed after 4 courses of polychemotherapy. On 07.28.11 she underwent right-sided hemihepatectomy. She underwent further 4 courses in accordance with the same scheme. On 12.06.13 case-control USI and multi-layer spiral CT of abdominal cavity detected mass lesion in the right adrenal gland, it was estimated as metastatic lesion with compression of inferior vena cava and thrombosis in its lumen at retroliver segment level. Right-sided adrenalectomy. Thrombectomy of IVC was carried out in the condition of total vascular isolation. Taking into account metastasis respectability in an adrenal gland and small extent of a tumor thrombus we suppose the described surgical practice to be justified. The problem of neoadjuvant chemotherapy prescription is still controversial.