Cytotoxicity and anti-EBV activity ofProteflasid (SPC Ekopharm, Kyiv) in two solvents: propylene glycol (PG) and syrup--in the culture of lymphoblastoid Raji cells were studied. It was determined that cytotoxic concentration (CC50) of Proteflasid in propylene glycol was 40 microg/ml, and in syrup--150 microg/ ml; effective concentration (EC50) of Proteflasid was equal for both solvents and was 0.1 microg/ml (under therapeutic action of Proteflasid) and 0.5 microg/ml (under prophylactic action of Proteflasid). Selectivity index (SI) ofProteflasid in PG was 400 and 80 (for therapeutic and prophylactic scheme, accordingly), 1500 and 300 (for therapeutic and prophylactic scheme, accordingly) in syrup.

The aim of the research was to study new drugs with palladium developed and synthesized at the Azerbaijan Medical University Scientific-Research Center Two compounds of palladium-4-aminopyridin ammonium tetrachlor palladium and Bi 4-aminopyridin dichlor were studied as more perspective substances which decrease growth of tumor. Water solution of 0.5% of these compounds were administrated intraperitoneally during 6 sessions. There were noticeable changes in protein metabolism, particularly in alpha(1) and alpha(2) fraction. The drug toxicity (Nedoshvina method), maximal endurance (LD(0)), medium lethal dose (LD(50)), lethal dose (LD(100)), cytogenetic activity (Rappoport method) were studied.

The main purpose of the present research is to study the efficiency of capecitabine in treatment of patients with breast cancer with liver metastasis. The investigation was carried on 44 patients with breast cancer with liver metastasis. Patients were divided into 2 groups. The first group was composed of patients (n=21) cycles of chemotherapy ( DCapLv) was carried out. The second group (n=23) was composed of patients treated upon the schema of CapLv. Patients had their diagnosis morphologically verified Metastatic involvement of the liver was diagnosed on the base of data of MRI, CT and ultrasonographic research. The obtained results were compared with the results of treatment of patients (n=54), who received the "classical" schema of FAC treatment. The investigation proved high efficiency of chemotherapy treatment schema in patients with breast cancer with liver metastasis. Proposed schema of chemotherapy seems to have had few hepatotoxic effects.

A preparation of nanocomplexes containing recombinant proteins (interferons alpha2b and beta1b, insulin, and human granulocyte colony stimulating factor) and natural polysialic acid (PSA) has been described. The incorporation of protein into the complex changes its electrophoretic mobility. Atomic force microscopy reveals the average size of 23-kD insulin complexes with PSA of 10-20 nm and demonstrates that more than 60% of glycopolymer molecules carry a single protein molecule. Experiments with cultured cells show that cytokines bound to polysialic acid retain their ability to regulate cell proliferation. Insulin bound to PSA has a prolonged hypoglycemic effect in vivo.

The aim of the research was to study the peculiarities of colonization of intestinal tract by Candida - in children with leukemia. It was found that in 32 out of 54 patients with leukaemia the quantity of intestinal KOE Candida in 1 g feces was correlated with the incidence of candidemia. The quantity of intestinal KOE/g Candida was higher in patients receiving antileukemic chemotherapy and antibacterial antibiotics than in normal subjects in patients with The quantity of Candida KOE/g feces was >10(5) cells per 1g of substrate. In control group this figure was within 10(3)-10(4). In all patients candidemia was revealed. In 8 patients who were not treated with antibiotics the quantity of Candida in feces was present to a less degree (<0.05). In the majority of cases (70%) in patients with leukaemia C.albicans was found, in 15% of cases - C. tropicalis. Along side with candidemia candidiazes of respiratory and urinary systems was revealed in children with leukaemia.

Industrial monomer acrylonitrile (AN) stimulated cancerogenesis in rats and humans. AN administration decreased an anti-tumor effect of anthracyclin antibiotic doxorubicin in rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma. A combined action of acrylonitrile and doxorubicin reduced erythrocytes and hemoglobin in rats without tumor and with Pliss lymphosarcoma more considerably than in rats with lymphosarcoma treated with doxorubicin. Hematotoxic effects of anthracyclin, doxorubicin and lymphosarcoma may be caused by stimulation of lipid peroxidation.

The study of tulosine (tamsulosine) efficacy and safety was made in 92 patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) due to prostatic adenoma (PA). Tulosine treatment relieved both obstructive and irritative symptoms, IPSS parameters improved by 8.0 +/- 0.3 points, QoL--by 1.4 +/- 0.1 points, Qmax--by 2.6 +/- 0.3 ml/s. Ultrasound investigation found no significant changes in the adenoma size. Residual urine volume reduced from 42.4 to 19.7 ml (by 53.7%). Blood pressure lowered insignificantly. Side effects were mild. Thus, tulosine is a safe and effective drug for treatment of prostatic adenoma.

Modern immunotherapy has developed powerful tools for mounting antitumor response which nevertheless have had only limited success in clinic. Tumor cells use different mechanisms to escape from immune system. Thus, one of the reasons of unsuccessful immunotherapy might be induction of tolerance of tumor-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes by tumor cells. Previously we have demonstrated expression of HLA-E molecule by the cells of melanoma cell lines. In this paper we have studied HLA-E-dependent mechanism of melanoma cell escape from immune response.

The effects of cyclic polychemotherapy on reproductive organs were studied in female rats intraperitoneally injected (twice at 7-day intervals) with cyclophosphamide (21 mg/kg), adriamycin (2.1 mg/kg), vincristine (0.04 mg/kg), and prednisolone (2.1 mg/kg). Changes in the vaginal swabs on day 1 after polychemotherapy corresponded to estrus in 45% animals, to proestrus in 25%, and were undifferentiated in 30%. After repeated injection of the cytostatics, undifferentiated changes were found in 80% females and persisted for 6 days. Injection of the cytostatic complex led to degenerative changes and necrosis of follicular epithelial cells, edema and focal necroses of vascular endotheliocytes, which progressed after repeated polychemotherapy. By the end of 1.5 months following 2 courses of polychemotherapy, the numerical density of primary, early and late secondary follicles in the ovaries decreased and vascular sclerosis developed indicating progressive atrophy.

Antimuscarinic effects of ipratropium bromide and atropine are associated with prevention of the development of Arthus reaction, while the cytostatic effects of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin lead to involution of the thymus and spleen, suppression of antibody production, and aggravation of inflammation, which causes edema of the ankle joint (cyclophosphamide treatment). Apoptosis of tumor cell and inhibition of inflammation can be essential for chemotherapy of malignant and autoimmune diseases.

The complexes of phospholipids nanoparticles (as the injection form of newly developed hepatoprotector phosphogliv) with the antitumor drug doxorubicin or with glucocorticoid budesonide have been investigated for their pharmacological activity in comparison with free forms of these drugs. Doxorubicin with phosphogliv revealed more antitumor and antimetastatic activity in C47B 1/6 mice with carcinoma LLC than free doxorubicin. Inhalation of budesonide with phosphogliv in vivo to quinea pigs resulted to more pronounced decrease of antigen or histamin induced bronchospasm, particularly its subacute phase, as compared with traditional powder or suspension budesonide forms. This suggests that the phosphogliv injection forms may be used not only for treatment of liver diseases, but also for delivery of a number of other drugs and consequently for optimization of their efficiency.

The application of principal components for the analysis of kinetic data obtained by optical spectroscopy is described. The use of singular value decomposition (SVD) for stable and reproducible generation of principal components, details of realization, advantages and drawbacks of the method are discussed. The described method with minor modifications may be used in a wide variety of UV-spectroscopy applications in molecular biology and biophysics. The developed method was applied to study the reaction of platinum anticancer drug, cisplatin, with DNA and methionine. Use of sensitive UV-spectroscopy allowed to study low platinum concentrations, typical for biological systems. It has been shown, that reactions of cisplatin with DNA and L-methionine generally follow the same pathway both at high and low concentrations.

New polymethylene derivatives of nucleic bases with a beta-diketo function in the omega-position were obtained by alkylation of uracil, thymine, cytosine, hypoxanthine, adenine, and N(2)-isobutyryl guanine with 2-omega-chloroal-kanoyl)cyclohexanones. The physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds synthesized and their effect on the K562 and HCT116 tumor cell lines were studied.

The influence of the untitumor drugs, cyclophosphamide (CPA) and nitrosomethylurea (NMM) on the activity of lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L in the tumor tissue was studied. Regression or reduction in the rate of growth of LS and RLS (drug sensitive and resistant sarcomas, respectively) during injection of CPA or NMM was accompanied by the increase in the activity of cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L in the tumor tissue. The increase of cathepsin B and L activity in the tumor tissue was correlated with the therapeutic effect of the used drugs. Data obtained suggest that cathepsin B and L activity in the tumor tissue have a prognostic significance for the effectiveness of antitumor therapy.

A new mouse ASF-LL model of adult T-lymphoma/leukemia (ATLL) in humans was characterized by cytological, histopathological, and flow cytometry analyses. Encouraging similarities of morphological, pathological, and clinical signs were found. These included characteristic flower appearance of leukemic cells, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly, multiple growths in the skin, urogenital tissues, lungs and pituitary gland, CD4+CD25+ phenotype of the majority of tumor cells that were selectin-L positive, a rapid clinical course, and poor response to standard chemotherapy. Plant peptides obtained from the traditional Russian herbal medicine have gradually gained considerable attention as a new source of anticancer drugs. We have tested antitumor activity of a peptide extract PE-PM obtained from a mixture of Chelidonium majus L., Inula helenium L., Equisetum arvense L. and Inonotus obliquus in new mouse T-lymphoma/leukemia model ASF-LL. Distinct antitumor activity of two local injections of the peptide extract PE-PM was detected by tumor growth inhibition and survival improvement of 33% of recipients bearing intraperitoneal form of ASF-LL.

Overdose of cisplatin, a preparation with potentially high nephrotoxicity results in the damage of renal tubules, development of irreversible acute renal insufficiency, and death. Acute cisplatin poisoning requires maintenance and symptomatic treatment; antidotes are unknown. We report a case of successful therapy of acute cisplatin overdose in a 49 year-old patient by hemodialysis with successive inclusion of a column with hemosorbent before the dialyzer in the extracorporeal contour.

The cytotoxic activity of L-asparaginases from Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and from Erwinia carotovora were investigated in vitro using several tumor cells lines: Jurkat and Molt-4 (human T-lymphoblastic leukemia), MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma), LnCap (human prostate carcinoma), NGUK1 (rat Gasser node neurinoma). E. coli L-asparaginase produced by "Medak" (Germany) was used as a reference. The cell growth inhibition data indicate that Y. pseudotuberculosis L-asparaginase significantly inhibits growth of leukemic and solid tumor cells. These results allow us to conclude that this L-asparaginase can be used for the development of new preparations for the therapy of different types of tumors.

Activity of caspases 3, 9, 6 has been investigated in erythroleukemia K562 cells under conditions of induction or inhibition of erythroid differentiation using cyclophosphane (N'-bis-(beta-chlorethyl)-N'-O-trimethyl ester of diamide of phosphoric acid, antitumour agent of oncologic practice) and two newsynthetic thiazophosphol derivatives--2-t-butylamino-4-thioxo-4-chloromethyl-1,3,4-thiazophosphol-2-in, 2-anilino-4-thioxo-4-chloromethyl-1,3,4-thiazophosphol-2-in as modulators of differentiation. The treatment of K562 cells with cyclophosphane and the t-butylamine thiazophosphol derivative was accompanied by the induction of erythroid differentiation, activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9, followed by subsequent induction of apoptosis. Treatment of cancer cells with the aniline thiazophosphol derivative led to a loss of erythroid differentiation in cells and increased expression of the monocyte lineage associated surface antigen, activation of caspases 3, 9, 6, and induction of apoptosis. In the latter case the level of activity of caspase 3 was lower than in the cells treated in the presence of other compounds. Possible functional redistribution of activity of cell caspases involved in the realization of different directions of differentiation and apoptosis in K562 cells is discussed.