Testicular cancers are the most frequent and the most curable cancers in young men. Treatments of these cancers represent a great success with cure rate over to 95 %. However, chemotherapy side effects may occur during or after several years post-treatment. This review aimed to highlight complications and physical and psychological side effects occurring mainly after chemotherapy treatment for testicular cancer, and to propose a personalized post-cancer plan specific for patients treated for testicular cancer. Treatments of these cancers can cause short-term complications (asthenia, nausea, vomiting, alopecia..). These side effects disappear within a few months after the end of the treatments. Late complications may occur several years post-treatment. Cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and secondary neoplasia represent the most severe late effects among patients treated for testicular cancer. Given the increased incidence of these chemotherapy-induced side effects, it is indispensable to establish a specific follow up which must include a particular vigilance on the risk of occurrence of second cancer, a follow-up of the cardio-vascular risk factors, pulmonary and auditory follow-up, and early detection of psychosocial disorders.

Primary mediastinal non-Hodgkin's lymphoma(PMNHL) is a rare cancer. Exceptionally, it can be complicated by tracheœsophageal fistulas, directly connecting the esophagus and the trachea and secondary to esophageal tumor or chemotherapy (hence the interest of our case). We report the case of a 24-year old Moroccan female patient, treated for primary mediastinal large B cell NHL revealed by dyspnœa associated with dysphagia and alteration of general condition. The patient underwent chemotherapy but her health condition worsened after a second treatment due to the occurrence of recurrent pulmonary infections associated with cough during meals making swallowing impossible. Esogastroduodenal fibroscopy was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of tracheœsophageal fistula. Outcome was marked by patient's death despite endoscopic stent placement and a good response to chemotherapy. Early discovery of tracheœsophageal fistula in patients with PMNHL is essential because it enables the implementation of an appropriate treatment.

The perceptions that postgraduate medical students have about cancer and chemotherapy could have an impact on the quality of their interactions with their future patients. We conducted this study in order to highlight their representational field for chemotherapy and cancer.

Oral anticancer drugs have disrupted hospital and community practices. A better coordination and patient support for medication and adverse events management by primary care providers (general practitioner, community pharmacist and liberal nurse) could improve the situation. The CHIMORAL study evaluated a model of coordination by territorial health networks.

The emergence of oral cancer treatment in oncology has shifted patient follow-up from the hospital to the home. This trend has resulted in an increase in phone and e-mail interactions initiated by patients, but also by pharmacists, by liberal nurses, by general practitioners, and an increase in calls to the emergency response services (SAMU) both for real or perceived emergencies. This increased volume of patient and pharmacist communication has caused significant disruption in the daily activity of affected oncology departments and in particular of the secretariats. The procedures for formulating and securing appropriate responses within a short time frame are generally not established, and as a result, there is a risk that decisions made could be inappropriate for the patient's situation, especially in the case of complications.. Tracking responses to phone calls is necessary and answers should be noted in the medical file, including side effects, in particular the serious AEs for a good quality of care. This guideline describes best practices for oncologists who manage "incoming" calls from patients or professionals involved in the care pathway.

Long-term evaluation of the incidence of sexual dysfunction from patients who were treated by orchidectomy, chemotherapy, and retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy for testicular cancer.

Vulvar cancer is a rare neoplastic disorder accounting for less than 5% of female genital cancers. This study aims to describe the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic and evolutionary profile of vulvar cancer in the population of the eastern region of Morocco. We conducted a retrospective study of all patients treated for vulvar cancer in the Oncology Center, University Hospital Mohammed VI in Oujda, Morocco from June 2007 to January 2014. The study included 34 patients with an average age of 65.7 years, of whom 52.9% were multiparous. The most frequent reason for consultation was pruritus (94.1% of cases). The median of consultation time was 16 months, ranging from 2 months to 8 years. Ignorance and modesty were the major causes of diagnostic delay, since 73.5% of patients already had locally advanced disease at diagnosis. Surgical treatment was proposed to 61.4% of cases and was based on radical vulvectomy associated with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy in 68.5% of cases. Adjuvant radiotherapy was indicated in 41.2% of cases, 5.9% of patients underwent neo-adjuvant radiotherapy while 20.6% underwent exclusive radiotherapy associated with concomitant chemotherapy. Palliative chemotherapy was proposed to 8.8% of patients. The overall survival rate at 3 years was 65%, locoregional or distant recurrence rate was 17.3%. Cultural and social characteristics of patients of the eastern region of Morocco treated for vulvar cancer are factors influencing treatment and outcomes. Additional prevention and awareness efforts should be made in order to reduce the rates of locally advanced tumors and to enable curative treatment for this population.

This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and evolutionary features of undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx in adults. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 163 patients aged 17 years old and over, treated for non metastatic undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx. The average age of our patients was 46,5 years, with a sex-ratio of 1.7; 35.57% of patients had locally advanced tumors (T3-T4) and 52.27% had advanced regional lymph nodes involvement (N2-N3). Neoadjuvante chemotherapy was performed in 77% of patients and 93.8% of patients underwent concomitant radiochemotherapy. After a mean follow-up interval of 40.8 months overall survival was 92.9% and relapse-free survival (RFS) was 78.9%. Relapse-free survival was caculated according to different prognostic factors, revealing a statistically significant difference based on lymph nodes involvement; three-year RFS rates were 88%, 82.6%, 80.8% and 61.5% in patients with tumor classified as N0, N1, N2 and N3, respectively (p = 0.02). Nasopharyngeal cancer is a complex disease, but progress has been made thanks to advances in radiotherapy and molecular biology. Concomitant radiochemotherapy is the therapeutic standard for patients with clinical stage greater than or equal to T2, or greater than or equal to N1. The innovative techniques in radiation therapy appear promising and they could reduce late toxicity while ensuring an excellent local control rate.

Nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy. Nausea and vomiting induced by chemotherapy impact heavily anticancer treatment safety. It is necessary to define correctly, assess frequently and treat perfectly, following national or international guidelines. New treatment are currently developed in the field of emesis protection. Old drugs may help patients. Physicians as well as nurses and caregivers have to be involved in emesis protection. It is one of the key topic in cancer care management.

Radiation recall dermatitis is an uncommon inflammatory reaction of the skin appearing after several days to several years at the site of previous irradiation; it is precipitated by the use of triggering drugs, although rarely by BRAF or MEK inhibitors.

Apart from myeloma, primary prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in ambulatory cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is underused, despite its proven benefit for pancreatic cancer and to a lesser extent for lung cancer. This prophylaxis has been showed to be effective for myeloma, pancreas but in absolute numbers these cancers lead to a few venous thromboembolic events. Up to date, VTE risk scores cannot be used as a discriminatory criterion to select a high-risk population that could really benefit from this prevention. VTE depends in part on oncogenic mutations of tumor cells that result in an imbalance between activation and inhibition pathways that are involved in venous thrombus formation. So, stratification of risk of VTE in cancer patients could be considered from a clinical and molecular point of view and result in a tailored prophylaxis. This "personalized medicine" that is currently used for the anti-tumor treatment of many cancers and hematological malignancies, could lead to a more effective prophylaxis of VTE in cancer patients.

Pregnancies after breast cancer are still relatively rare observations. It was considered for a long time that a woman previously treated for a breast cancer could favour recurrence by becoming pregnant because of the hormonal impregnation. However, the improvement of the breast cancer treatments thanks to the improvement of the knowledge on this disease, allowed these women to envisage pregnancies after this disease. The current recommendations do not dissuade the pregnancy in case of complete cure. However, a pregnancy in this particular context arouses a number of questions such as the delay between the cancer and the pregnancy, the progress of these pregnancies, the oncologic and obstetric follow-up, the breast-feeding and its impact on breast cancer prognosis. The aim of this work is to answer these questions through a literature review.

Antineoplastic drug induced nausea and vomiting (ANDINV) (previously named: Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting [CINV]) are one of the most feared adverse effect for patients who begin treatment with anti-cancer treatments and their bad control have a negative impact in the management of these patients. In this review article, it is proposed an update of French-speaking Association for oncologic supportive care (AFSOS) clinical practice of CINV guidelines. This update became necessary for several reasons: newly available anti-emetic drugs; new data published about individual risk factors of CINV; new antineoplastic agents available; changing in emetic risk levels for some molecules in the international guidelines. To address these guidelines, the various clinical presentations of ANDINV and their intensity classification are discussed. Then, the different therapeutic solutions are presented: classes of conventional drug therapies, complementary therapies and advice to patients. Then, the implementation of primary prophylaxis are presented in four steps: (1) to evaluate the emetic risk level of antineoplastic agent; (2) to set the emetic risk level of antineoplastic protocols; (3) to set types of antiemetic drugs to implement; (4) "Outperform" prophylaxis in case of individual risk factors. Finally, implementation of secondary prophylaxis and rescue treatments are adressed.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of the bulbar conjunctiva. However, it often remains under-diagnosed and exposed to therapeutic delay. The aim of this work is to elucidate the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties posed by this tumor and to appreciate its prognosis.

Cardio-pulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is frequently used to assess aerobic capacity, to evaluate respiratory tolerance and to provide prognostic information. Therefore, CPET is often incorporated in the preoperative assessment of cancer patients. This clinical case report presents the preoperative assessment of a patient before thoracic surgery, in whom an important decrease of aerobic capacity was noted, possibly because of muscular toxicity linked to chemotherapy.

Cardiac and vascular toxicity of chemotherapies. Cardiovascular complications due to oncologic management are multiple including left ventricular systolic dysfunction, acute myocarditis, hypertension, and QT interval prolongation. Their frequencies are variable depending on the drugs administered. Anthracycline, molecular targeted agents and immune check points inhibitors could lead to left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Anthracyclines could provoke left ventricular systolic dysfunction, which is considered in most of cases as dose-dependent, cumulative and generally irreversible (type 1 toxicity). Targeted molecular agents could lead to left ventricular systolic dysfunction and/or congestive heart failure, which does not appear to be dose dependent, usually reversible at the cessation of treatment and/or the introduction of a cardio-protective treatment (type 2 toxicity).