Monoclonal antibodies are a therapeutic tool frequently used in oncology, as they allow the specific targeting of molecules expressed by cancer cells and, in most cases, induce minimal toxic effects on healthy tissues. Because monoclonal antibodies frequently lack significant toxicity and are not associated to a direct relationship between dose and effect, the methods of clinical development traditionally used for chemotherapy agents are scarcely useful for this class of drugs. In addition, no consensus exists on the definition of parameters different from toxicity that could assist the process of dose selection of monoclonal antibody in early clinical trials.

Many neurodegenerative or tumor brain pathologies should be able to benefit from the impressive medicinal advances that represent therapeutic antibodies. Unfortunately, many failures have been observed with antibodies whose targets are in the brain parenchyma due to their very low brain distribution. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) that exhibits extremely selective and restrictive properties is responsible for the low brain penetration of high-molecular mass molecules including therapeutic antibodies. The objective of this article is to present the properties of the BBB and the latest advances in the engineering of new antibody formats to possibly improve their brain distribution.

Anti-cancer drugs have many adverse effects including vascular side effects. Herein we present the case of a patient presenting digital ischaemia with high imputability of ipilimumab.

Immune checkpoint inhibition had a major clinical success in clinical oncology and impacted the treatment paradigm in many cancers. Immune related adverse events are well-described toxicities that are closely associated with CPI therapies and can involve any organ in the body. Renal toxicity is multifocal. In addition to the predominant tubulointerstitial involvement, immunotherapy can lead to a variety of glomerular damage and electrolyte disorders. Suggested mechanisms include direct renal interstitium lymphocyte infiltration, renal immune complex deposition, microangiopathic endothelial disease, or cytokine release leading to podocytopathy. Immunotherapy in the renal transplant patient raises the question of the rejection occurrence. Current recommendations for diagnosis and management of renal effects are not optimal because of the limited data available and understanding of their pathophysiology.

Immune checkpoints inhibitors have fundamentally changed the management of oncologic patients. These treatments consist of monoclonal antibodies directed against CTLA-4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4), PD-1 (programmed cell death protein-1) and PD-L1 (one of its ligands). By blocking these receptors or ligands, the antibodies reverse the immune tolerance induced by the cancerous cell on the T-lymphocyte and favour lymphocytic reactivation and anti-tumor activity. Immune tolerance to auto-antigens is maintained with the help of these checkpoints. Targeting them can lead to auto-immune side effects. These latter mostly impact the cutaneous and digestive system, but the endocrine glands are not spared. In this article, we provide monitoring and treatment algorithms for these endocrine immune side effects. An early diagnosis followed by the appropriate treatment would reduce their negative impact on the oncologic care.

The rising of oral anticancer therapies let more and more patients to be cared at home and improve their quality of life. However the toxicities of these drugs and the distance with health professionals imply that the patient needs to be more autonomous with respect to his treatment. Patients through therapeutic education programs allows them to manage side effects, to be more observant and then to subsequently benefit from the treatment. We report here, oncology clinical pharmacists experiences in some health facilities in France, presented at the 1st day of clinical oncology pharmacy (December 2017, Marseille).

There is increasing evidence that Hyperthermic Intravesical Chemotherapy is an effective treatment for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). HIVEC (COMBAT BRS system) is an innovative hyperthermia delivering device. The aim of our study is to evaluate tolerance and safety of HIVEC in patients with BCG-refractory NMIBC.

Home healthcare can be totally different depending on the route of treatment: intravenous anticancer drugs involve regular contact with the health caregiver while the oral route leaves the patient completely autonomous. This cross-sectional research has a comparative purpose between the representations of disease and treatments, the self-efficacy and the quality of life of patients treated with oral anticancer drugs and those treated by intravenous route.

Use of checkpoint inhibitors to treat cancer was one of the most important revolution these last years and an increasing number of new types of tumors is currently under investigation with these new treatments. However, immune-related adverse events associated with these agents frequently affect various organs, mimicking auto-immune or inflammatory diseases. Some of these effects can be severe, often requiring hospitalization and specialized treatment (immunosuppression). Most known agents are ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4 antibody) nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-PD-1 antibodies). New molecules are now approved or in development as anti-PD-L1 antibodies, anti-LAG-3 or anti-TIM-3 antibodies, increasing the probability and new description of immune-related adverse events. With his experience in auto-immune diseases, the immunologist/internal medicine specialist has an important role in the management of these toxicities. The goal of this review is to focus on the incidence, diagnostic assessment and recommended management of the most relevant immune-related adverse events.

The modalities of mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in autologous transplantation have evolved in recent years. The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) organized the 9th hematopoietic stem cell transplantation clinical practices harmonization workshop series in September 2018 in Lille, France, to conduct a review of current practices of the society centers and of international recommendations. The cell dose objectives have been revised. The modalities of mobilization including the use of plerixafor have been specified allowing reaching the objectives of collection while limiting the number of apheresis. Collections failures have become exceptional.

According to the 2004 Bioethics Act, oncofertility counselling must be systematically offered to all women of childbearing age before they are exposed to potentially gonadotoxic treatment. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the proportion of women under 40 years of age treated with chemotherapy for breast cancer in Midi-Pyrénées who have received an oncofertility consultation. A secondary objective was to assess practitioners' knowledge on the subject.

Sorafenib is a multikinase inhibitor used in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma, advanced renal cell carcinoma, and differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cutaneous adverse events are numerous and occur frequently.

To date, systemic treatments, including hormone therapies or chemotherapy, are used at different stages of prostate cancer disease. Several types of complications can occur during systemic treatment in prostate cancer, depending on the therapeutic range. The most common with hormone therapy are fatigue, muscle loss, bone loss, high blood pressure and metabolic syndromes. For chemotherapy, the most significant risk is related to hematological toxicity, but peripheral neuropathies, mucositis, diarrhea and hypersensitivity reactions may also occur. The quality of the pre-treatment assessment and the rigorousness of patient follow-up make it possible to anticipate most of these events, to prevent them or to manage them at an early stage when they occur. The most important aspect is patient education, which involves comprehensive information and the implementation of supportive care as soon as the treatment is initiated. Specialized advice (e. g. cardiological or endocrinological) is recommended in the event of uncontrolled symptomatology. The resumption of treatment leading to a major complication should be the subject of a multidisciplinary discussion taking into account the severity of the event, its reversibility, the patient's life expectancy and the expected efficacy of the molecule.

Multimodal regimens consist en more than one treatment to treat localized prostate cancer. They are now proposed routinely for high-risk diseases. Different approaches could be defined: In conclusion, multimodal regimens increase the risk of side effects compared to surgery or radiotherapy alone. Indications of these approaches muste be discussed with the patients after a careful evaluation of the benefit/risk ratio.