Alopecia is a side effect of chemotherapies used in breast cancer. Scalp cooling is a technique preventing alopecia, but its use remains controversial. We conducted a survey about knowledge of scalp cooling and interest in conducting a randomized clinical trial (RCT). An invitation was sent to 1,022 participants and a total of 139 individuals responded to the survey. The majority knew about the existence of scalp cooling. Ninety per cent thought that an RCT was needed and would participate. The survey revealed different potential problems associated with the increased chair time, limited space, and safety. We concluded that an RCT is needed and that the trial must include evaluation on the impact on health care system resources and safety.

Hydroxyurea is an antimetabolite drug used in the treatment of myeloproliferative disorders. Common adverse effects include haematological, gastrointestinal cutaneous manifestations, and fever. Hydroxyurea-induced pneumonitis is unusual.

While toxicity of targeted anticancer therapies on the oral mucosa seems relatively frequent in clinical practice, it has not been properly characterized to date, apart from aphthous-like lesions due to mTOR inhibitors. Herein, we report the main oral lesions associated with these new therapies, with a description of the most frequent but also the most characteristic clinical manifestations of these drugs, such as anti-EGFR-induced mucositis, BRAF-inhibitor-associated hyperkeratosis, benign migratory glossitis and osteonecrosis of the jaw observed with angiogenesis inhibitors, as well as lesions more specifically linked with imatinib.

Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies are common, secondary to multiple drug classes, in particular chemotherapeutic agents. They have an important impact on patients' quality of life. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the understanding of some pathophysiological mechanisms. The use of more objective assessment tools should allow the development of individualized and more effective therapeutic strategies.

Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation (OTC) is a very promising approach of fertility preservation for women and young patients who have to follow gonadotoxic treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy…). The aim of this study was to analyse the indications and the outcomes of the patients who had OTC in our center during the last 17 years.

Multiple new cancer drugs have been marketed during the last decade, and among those many molecularly targeted agents. Their impact on clinical outcomes population-wide remains hard to measure. Are we merely seeing the development of expensive and toxic drugs that benefit a minority of patients, or are battles actually won in the war on cancer? Both epidemiologic trends and clinical trial data show that a patient's outcome today is significantly better than 10 or 20 years ago, in terms of cure rates and survival time for advanced disease.

Gonadotoxic therapies during childhood may impair future fertility in adult life and fertility preservation techniques should be discussed before starting gonadotoxic therapies. In both sexes, fertility preservation means immature gametes cryopreservation. For girls, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the only existing option to preserve fertility in prepubertal girls at risk of premature ovarian failure. This promising approach involves the storage of a large number of follicles, which could subsequently be transplanted or cultured to obtain mature oocytes. For boys, spermatogonial stem cells can be cryopreserved and testicular pieces can be stored for future use. For prepubertal boys it is still an experimental procedure. Animal data reveals that healthy offspring were obtained after grafting of frozen spermatogonia and after in vitro maturation.

The objective of this paper is to review the literature published in 2012 in the field of intensive care and emergency related to oncology. Are discussed because of new original publications: prognosis, resuscitation techniques, oncologic emergencies, haemodynamic, respiratory and metabolic complications, microangiopathic anemia, serious toxicities of anticancer treatment and limitations to life-support techniques.

Some recently introduced targeted treatments in cancerology are responsible for adverse effects on the skin. These events alter the patient well-being. Adequate dermocosmetic management allows to curb the unwanted skin conditions without interfering with the targeted therapeutic effects. However, evidence-based support for using dermocosmetic products as adjunctive cancer treatment remains scarce. It remains nonetheless that the clinical perception is unanimously favourable for such procedure.

The management of patients suffering from bronchial and lung tumors depends on conventional chemotherapy and/or targeted molecular therapies. The prescription of these chemotherapies may be accompanied by cardiovascular complications, principally congestive heart failure, arterial hypertension and arterial or venous thrombo-embolism, the frequency of which varies with the molecule administered. The management of these complications is currently poorly standardized and should take account of the patient's oncological prognosis.

Hereditary ovarian cancers account for 10% of all cases. Two major syndromes with dominant autosomal transmission are identified. The most common one is breast-ovarian cancer syndrome due to BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes mutations, and the Lynch syndrome with mutated MMR genes is the other. Alterations in homologous recombination specifically observed in ovarian cancer with BRCA defects associated to Parp inhibition create a synthetic lethality of special interest. Numerous studies are in progress to explore this promising new approach. Furthermore, it seems that carcinogenesis of these two syndromes are different, suggesting alternative therapeutic options in the near future in order to improve prognosis of ovarian carcinomas.

Metformin is currently the drug of first choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, although prescribed since the end of the 1950s, the mechanism of action of metformin remains as yet incompletely understood but recent work has unveiled novel and surprising properties. Epidemiological reports have suggested that metformin protects against heart failure and has antitumor properties independent of its anti-hyperglycemic effect. Here, we review the proposed mechanisms for metformin action in diabetes, cardiovacular diseases and cancer.

The overexpression of the Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) is observed in 15% of breast cancers and associated with poor prognosis in terms of overall survival. Trastuzumab is an anti-HER2 targeted therapy, leading to a specific inhibition of the molecular mechanisms triggered by this receptor. In an adjuvant setting, trastuzumab and radiotherapy have each proved their oncologic efficacy in the management of the breast tumours presenting this molecular profile. However, both treatments expose to an increased risk of toxicities, particularly cardiovascular ones. Moreover, the radiosensitizing effect of trastuzumab has been proved in vitro and in vivo. Hence, in clinical practice, the benefit/risk ratio of a concurrent treatment remains to be defined. This literature review has for purposes to describe the rationale making conceivable the administration of trastuzumab concurrently with locoregional breast radiotherapy, and to remind the results of the clinical studies having assessed this therapeutic association.

Hydroxyurea (HU) or hydroxycarbamide is an antimetabolite chemotherapy frequently used in the treatment of chronic myeloproliferative disorders. This treatment is usually well tolerated but a few cases of fever induced by the molecule have been reported in the literature. The aim of the study was to describe the clinical and biological characteristics of HU induced fever.

Therapeutic advances in oncology have improved the prognosis for long-term survival of children and young adults. As well as other couples or because of adverse side effects of cancer treatments on reproductive function, some cancer survivors will therefore be brought to use assisted reproductive technologies (intrauterine inseminations, in vitro fertilization, intracytoplasmic sperm injection, oocyte or sperm donation…). The purpose of this review is to summarize available scientific datas regarding success rate of assisted reproductive technologies in cancer survivors.

Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia is a frequent event in children with cancer, with a high morbidity. Antibiotic prophylaxis has been proposed for many years to prevent infectious diseases in patients with neutropenia. Fluoroquinolone prophylaxis induced a significant reduction of mortality and infectious morbidities in these situations. Less data are available in children with neutropenia. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance involving not only quinolones, but also cephalosporins, aminoglycosides and penems, is the main long term risk. This article summarise the usefulness of the prophylactic antibiotic treatment and its perspective in children with cancer.