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1. Early Intratracheal Budesonide to Reduce Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants: The Budesonide in Babies (BiB) Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Namasivayam Ambalavanan.;Waldemar A Carlo.;Kayla J Nowak.;Laura Elizabeth Wiener.;Shirley S Cosby.;Abhay J Bhatt.;Kristi L Watterberg.;Brenda B Poindexter.;Martin Keszler.;Carl T D'Angio.;Luc P Brion.;Vivek Narendran.;Carrie A Rau.;C Michael Cotten.;Matthew M Laughon.;Abhik Das.;Matthew A Rysavy.;Anna Maria Hibbs.;Janell Fuller.;Karen M Puopolo.;Anup Katheria.;Ravi M Patel.;Jennifer R Bermick.;Abbot R Laptook.;Irina Prelipcean.;Myra H Wyckoff.;Ryan Moore.;Stephanie L Merhar.;Robin K Ohls.;Bradley A Yoder.;Marta Perez.;Sarvin Ghavam.;Lauritz R Meyer.;Valerie Y Chock.;Sara B DeMauro.;Wesley M Jackson.;Deepali Handa.;Michele C Walsh.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷16期1452-1462页
Extremely preterm infants are at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and death. Multiple small randomized clinical trials showed that a combination of budesonide with surfactant compared with surfactant alone reduced BPD or death.
2. Levodopa Added to Stroke Rehabilitation: The ESTREL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stefan T Engelter.;Josefin E Kaufmann.;Annaelle Zietz.;Andreas R Luft.;Alexandros Polymeris.;Valerian L Altersberger.;Karin Wiesner.;Martina Wiegert.;Jeremia P O Held.;Yannik Rottenberger.;Anne Schwarz.;Friedrich Medlin.;Ettore A Accolla.;Sandrine Foucras.;Georg Kägi.;Gian Marco De Marchis.;Svetlana Politz.;Matthias Greulich.;Alexander A Tarnutzer.;Rolf Sturzenegger.;Mira Katan.;Urs Fischer.;Krassen Nedeltchev.;Janine Schär.;Katrien Van Den Keybus Deglon.;Pierre-André Rapin.;Alexander Salerno.;David J Seiffge.;Elias Auer.;Julian Lippert.;Leo H Bonati.;Corina Schuster-Amft.;Szabina Gäumann.;Joelle N Chabwine.;Andrea Humm.;J Carsten Möller.;Raoul Schweinfurther.;Bartosz Bujan.;Piotr Jedrysiak.;Peter S Sandor.;Roman Gonzenbach.;Veit Mylius.;Dietmar Lutz.;Carmen Lienert.;Nils Peters.;Patrik Michel.;René M Müri.;Sabine Schädelin.;Lars G Hemkens.;Gary A Ford.;Philippe A Lyrer.;Henrik Gensicke.;Christopher Traenka.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷17期1523-1532页
Levodopa enhances dopaminergic signaling and may stimulate neuroplasticity, which could potentially enhance motor recovery after stroke. Levodopa is used in stroke rehabilitation despite mixed evidence for its effectiveness.
3. Everolimus and Low-Dose Tacrolimus After Heart Transplant in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christopher S Almond.;Kevin P Daly.;Erin L Albers.;Juan C Alejos.;Rebecca Ameduri.;Scott R Auerbach.;Lynsey Barkoff.;Aliessa P Barnes.;Matthew J Bock.;Arene Butto.;Waldemar F Carlo.;Chesney D Castleberry.;Maryanne R Chrisant.;Shriprasad R Deshpande.;William J Dreyer.;Melanie D Everitt.;Brian Feingold.;Selena Gonzales.;Seth A Hollander.;Steven J Kindel.;Gloria L Klein.;Ashwin K Lal.;Jacqueline M Lamour.;Joanne Lee.;Minmin Lu.;Irene D Lytrivi.;Shelley D Miyamoto.;Elfriede Pahl.;David M Peng.;Thomas D Ryan.;Tajinder P Singh.;Jennifer A Su.;David L Sutcliffe.;A Marian Ybarra.;Steven Zangwill.;Joseph W Rossano.;Lynn A Sleeper.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷15期1339-1348页
Studies suggest that everolimus may reduce the risk of rejection, cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), chronic kidney disease (CKD), and cytomegalovirus (CMV) after heart transplant. Everolimus use is controversial because of data demonstrating higher infection deaths when everolimus is introduced de novo after transplant. It is unclear whether everolimus is safe and effective when initiated at 6 months posttransplant in children, a population in which median graft survival is limited to 15 years and randomized clinical trials are lacking.
4. Biparametric vs Multiparametric MRI for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: The PRIME Diagnostic Clinical Trial.
作者: Alexander B C D Ng.;Aqua Asif.;Ridhi Agarwal.;Valeria Panebianco.;Rossano Girometti.;Sangeet Ghai.;Enrique Gómez-Gómez.;Lars Budäus.;Tristan Barrett.;Jan Philipp Radtke.;Claudia Kesch.;Francesco De Cobelli.;Tho Pham.;Samir S Taneja.;Jim C Hu.;Ash Tewari.;Miguel Á Rodríguez Cabello.;Adriano B Dias.;Lance A Mynderse.;Marcelo Borghi.;Lars Boesen.;Paras Singh.;Raphaële Renard-Penna.;Jeffrey J Leow.;Fabian Falkenbach.;Martina Pecoraro.;Gianluca Giannarini.;Nathan Perlis.;Daniel López-Ruiz.;Christof Kastner.;Lars Schimmöller.;Marimo Rossiter.;Arjun Nathan.;Pramit Khetrapal.;Vinson Wai-Shun Chan.;Aiman Haider.;Caroline S Clarke.;Shonit Punwani.;Chris Brew-Graves.;Louise Dickinson.;Anita Mitra.;Giorgio Brembilla.;Daniel J A Margolis.;Yemisi Takwoingi.;Mark Emberton.;Clare Allen.;Francesco Giganti.;Caroline M Moore.;Veeru Kasivisvanathan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷13期1170-1179页
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with or without prostate biopsy, has become the standard of care for diagnosing clinically significant prostate cancer. Resource capacity limits widespread adoption. Biparametric MRI, which omits the gadolinium contrast sequence, is a shorter and cheaper alternative offering time-saving capacity gains for health systems globally.
5. Myo-inositol Supplementation to Prevent Pregnancy Complications in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Anne W T van der Wel.;Chryselle M C Frank.;Rebekka Bout-Rebel.;Ruben G Duijnhoven.;Bo E van Bree.;Olivier Valkenburg.;Salwan Al-Nasiry.;Robbert H F van Oppenraaij.;Tatjana E Vogelvang.;Michelle E M H Westerhuis.;Hedwig P van de Nieuwenhof.;Susanne C J P Gielen.;Myrthe L Bandell.;Mireille N Bekker.;Maurice G A J Wouters.;Velja Mijatovic.;Arie Franx.;Cornelis B Lambalk.;Frank J M Broekmans.;Sabina de Weerd.;Jet M H Gerards.;Jelle H Baalman.;Jeroen van Disseldorp.;Josje Langenveld.;Marlise N Gunning.;Geert W J Frederix.;Rebecca C Painter.;Bart C J M Fauser.;Joop S E Laven.;Bas B van Rijn.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷13期1151-1159页
Pregnant individuals with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present with a higher risk of pregnancy complications, including gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and preterm birth. Myo-inositol supplementation may reduce these risks.
6. Single Treatment With MM120 (Lysergide) in Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Reid Robison.;Robert Barrow.;Craig Conant.;Eric Foster.;Jamie M Freedman.;Paula L Jacobsen.;Jamileh Jemison.;Sarah M Karas.;Daniel R Karlin.;Todd M Solomon.;Miri Halperin Wernli.;Maurizio Fava.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷15期1358-1372页
Effective and well-tolerated pharmacotherapies for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which is one of the most common psychiatric disorders, are needed.
7. Fractional Flow Reserve-Guided Complete vs Culprit-Only Revascularization in Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Multivessel Disease: The SLIM Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Tobias F S Pustjens.;Leo Veenstra.;Cyril Camaro.;Alexander W Ruiters.;Árpad Lux.;Zoltán Ruzsa.;Zsolt Piroth.;Mustafa Ilhan.;Jindrich Vainer.;Ben Gho.;Patty J C Winkler.;Mera Stein.;Ralph A L J Theunissen.;Petr Kala.;Jawed Polad.;Balázs Berta.;Andrea Gabrio.;Niels van Royen.;Arnoud W J van 't Hof.;Saman Rasoul.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷18期1628-1637页
The benefits of fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided complete coronary revascularization in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and multivessel disease remain unclear.
8. Long-Term Anticoagulation Discontinuation After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation: The ALONE-AF Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Daehoon Kim.;Jaemin Shim.;Eue-Keun Choi.;Il-Young Oh.;Jun Kim.;Young Soo Lee.;Junbeom Park.;Jum-Suk Ko.;Kyoung-Min Park.;Jung-Hoon Sung.;Hyung Wook Park.;Hyung-Seob Park.;Jong-Youn Kim.;Ki-Woon Kang.;Dongmin Kim.;Jin-Kyu Park.;Dae-Hyeok Kim.;Jin-Bae Kim.;Hee Tae Yu.;Tae-Hoon Kim.;Jae-Sun Uhm.;Hui-Nam Pak.;Boyoung Joung.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷14期1246-1254页
Data from randomized clinical trials on a long-term anticoagulation strategy for patients after catheter-based ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF) are lacking.
9. Helicobacter pylori Screening After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The Cluster Randomized Crossover HELP-MI SWEDEHEART Trial.
作者: Robin Hofmann.;Stefan James.;Martin O Sundqvist.;Jonatan Wärme.;Oskar Angerås.;Joakim Alfredsson.;David Erlinge.;Gabriel Arefalk.;Göran Arstad.;Simon Blomberg.;Ole Fröbert.;Kristina Hambraeus.;Per M Hellström.;Jörg Lauermann.;Matthias Lidin.;Lars Lindhagen.;Georgios Mourtzinis.;Carolina Schoede.;Erik Thunström.;Birgitta Voldberg.;Henrik Wagner.;Ollie Östlund.;Tomas Jernberg.;Magnus Bäck.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷13期1160-1169页
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is common after myocardial infarction.
10. Bivalent RSV Prefusion F Protein-Based Vaccine for Preventing Cardiovascular Hospitalizations in Older Adults: A Prespecified Analysis of the DAN-RSV Trial.
作者: Mats C Højbjerg Lassen.;Niklas Dyrby Johansen.;Sine H Christensen.;Negar Aliabadi.;Kristoffer G Skaarup.;Daniel Modin.;Brian L Claggett.;Carsten S Larsen.;Lykke Larsen.;Lothar Wiese.;Michael Dalager-Pedersen.;Matias G Lindholm.;Anne Marie R Jensen.;Maria Dons.;Katrine F Bernholm.;Filip S Davidovski.;Lisa S Duus.;Camilla I Ottosen.;Anne B Nielsen.;Julie H Borchsenius.;Caroline Espersen.;Güldas Köse.;Frederik H Fussing.;Manan Pareek.;Lars Køber.;Scott D Solomon.;Jens Ulrik Stæhr Jensen.;Cyril Jean-Marie Martel.;Bradford D Gessner.;Claudia Schwarz.;Elisa Gonzalez.;Mette Skovdal.;Lawrence H Moulton.;Pingping Zhang.;Elizabeth Begier.;Tor Biering-Sørensen.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷16期1431-1441页
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is linked to elevated cardiovascular risk, particularly in individuals with preexisting cardiovascular disease (CVD). A bivalent RSV prefusion F protein (RSVpreF) vaccine was recently approved for preventing RSV-related lower respiratory tract illness, but its effectiveness against cardiovascular outcomes has not been evaluated in a randomized trial.
11. Remote Screening for Asymptomatic Atrial Fibrillation: The AMALFI Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Rohan Wijesurendra.;Guilherme Pessoa-Amorim.;Georgina Buck.;Charlie Harper.;Richard Bulbulia.;Alison Offer.;Nicholas R Jones.;Christine A'Court.;Rijo Kurien.;Karen Taylor.;Barbara Casadei.;Louise Bowman.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷15期1349-1357页
Screening for atrial fibrillation (AF) might reduce stroke if it increases long-term AF detection and anticoagulation use compared with usual care.
12. A Fall Prevention Program Integrated in Primary Health Care for Older People in Rural China: The FAMILY Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Junyi Peng.;Pengpeng Ye.;Boya Nan.;Shichun Yan.;Zhifang Li.;Qian Li.;Ruilin Meng.;Yangchun Li.;Tianyou Hao.;Lan Zhang.;Dandan Peng.;Zijian Xu.;Yanni Wang.;Lei Si.;Minghui Yang.;Yao Yao.;Jing Zhang.;Wei Tian.;Yongchen Wang.;Rebecca Ivers.;Maoyi Tian.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷12期1068-1076页
With rapidly aging populations globally, there is a lack of evidence on effective fall prevention strategies among community-dwelling older people in resource-constrained areas.
13. Toripalimab Combination Therapy Without Concurrent Cisplatin for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: The DIAMOND Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: .;Cheng Xu.;Xiao-Yu Liang.;Xin-Qiong Huang.;Feng Jin.;Kun-Yu Yang.;Guang-Yuan Hu.;Xiao-Dong Zhu.;Ying Wang.;Ying Huang.;Ning Zhang.;De-Sheng Hu.;Ling Guo.;Guo-Rong Zou.;Xiao-Zhong Chen.;Shao-Wen Xiao.;Jin-Gao Li.;Liang-Fang Shen.;Yuan-Yuan Li.;Jing Huang.;Guo-Xian Long.;Ling Li.;Luo Huang.;Long-Jiang She.;Yuan Wu.;Wei-Hua Zeng.;Meng-Yun Qiang.;Wei-Xin Liu.;Yong Su.;Ling-Long Tang.;Fang-Yun Xie.;Fei Han.;Li-Xia Lu.;Yan-Qun Xiang.;Yan-Ping Mao.;Wen-Fei Li.;Xu Liu.;Qi Yang.;Guan-Qun Zhou.;Rui Guo.;Pu-Yun Ouyang.;Xiao-Hui Wang.;Lei Chen.;Li-Ting Liu.;Li Lin.;Ji-Bin Li.;Ai-Hua Lin.;Hong-Yun Zhao.;Shu-Bin Hong.;Yu-Sheng Jie.;Hui-Ling Huang.;Xu-Hua Tang.;Yue-Can Zeng.;Jing-Ping Yun.;Sheng-Bing Zang.;Zi-Ming Du.;Zu-Lu Ye.;Li-Zhi Liu.;Li Tian.;Hao-Jiang Li.;Ying-Lin Peng.;Na Liu.;Ying-Qin Li.;Ye-Lin Liang.;Han-Miao Wei.;Yu-Pei Chen.;Yuan Zhang.;Xiao-Jing Du.;Jia-Wei Lv.;Ying Sun.;Jun Ma.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷11期973-983页
With the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade toripalimab, omitting highly toxic concurrent cisplatin may be feasible for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) without compromising survival.
14. Alteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke at 4.5 to 24 Hours: The HOPE Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ying Zhou.;Yaode He.;Bruce C V Campbell.;David S Liebeskind.;Changzheng Yuan.;Hui Chen.;Yanxing Zhang.;Tingyu Yi.;Zhongyu Luo.;Zuowen Zhang.;Changcai Meng.;Jianhua Cheng.;Hezhong Ouyang.;Jin Hu.;Fei Wang.;Sheng Zhang.;Qi Fang.;Haitao Hu.;Xuting Zhang.;Yi Chen.;Wansi Zhong.;Maarten G Lansberg.;Shenqiang Yan.;Min Lou.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷9期788-797页
The safety and efficacy of intravenous thrombolytics beyond 4.5 hours after ischemic stroke onset remain inadequately studied.
15. Population Health Colorectal Cancer Screening Strategies in Adults Aged 45 to 49 Years: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Artin Galoosian.;Hengchen Dai.;Daniel Croymans.;Silvia Saccardo.;Craig R Fox.;Gregory Goshgarian.;Sadie De Silva.;Maria A Han.;Sitaram Vangala.;Folasade P May.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷9期778-787页
Colorectal cancer screening is now recommended at age 45 years for average-risk individuals; however, optimal outreach strategies to screen younger adults are unknown.
16. Structured vs Self-Guided Multidomain Lifestyle Interventions for Global Cognitive Function: The US POINTER Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Laura D Baker.;Mark A Espeland.;Rachel A Whitmer.;Heather M Snyder.;Xiaoyan Leng.;Laura Lovato.;Kathryn V Papp.;Melissa Yu.;Miia Kivipelto.;Ashley S Alexander.;Susan Antkowiak.;Maryjo Cleveland.;Claire Day.;Richard Elbein.;Sarah Tomaszewski Farias.;Deborah Felton.;Katelyn R Garcia.;Darren R Gitelman.;Sarah Graef.;Marjorie Howard.;Jeffrey Katula.;Katherine Lambert.;Olivia Matongo.;Anne Marie McDonald.;Valory Pavlik.;Rema Raman.;Stephen Salloway.;Christy Tangney.;Jennifer Ventrelle.;Sharon Wilmoth.;Benjamin J Willliams.;Rena Wing.;Nancy Woolard.;Maria C Carrillo.
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷8期681-691页
Identifying new interventions to slow and prevent cognitive decline associated with dementia is critical. Nonpharmacological interventions targeting modifiable risk factors are promising, relatively low-cost, accessible, and safe approaches.
17. Hepatitis C Screening in Emergency Departments: The DETECT Hep C Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jason Haukoos.;Richard E Rothman.;James W Galbraith.;Emily Hopkins.;Yu-Hsiang Hsieh.;Carolynn Lyle.;Stephanie Gravitz.;Kevin F Kamis.;Douglas A E White.;Michael S Lyons.;Edward M Gardner.;Alia A Al-Tayyib.;Allison L Sabel.;Benjamin P Linas.;Jake R Morgan.;David L Wyles.;Sarah E Rowan.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷6期497-507页
Identification of individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health priority. Emergency departments (EDs) have been a focus of screening efforts, as they serve large numbers of at-risk patients who commonly do not access health care elsewhere. However, the optimal approach to HCV screening in ED settings remains unknown.
18. Intra-arterial Tenecteplase for Acute Stroke After Successful Endovascular Therapy: The ANGEL-TNK Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Zhongrong Miao.;Gang Luo.;Ligang Song.;Dapeng Sun.;Wenhuo Chen.;Xiaoxi Yao.;Yuesong Pan.;Yaou Liu.;Guangxiong Yuan.;Changming Wen.;Ming Wei.;Xueli Cai.;Qingcheng Yang.;Zhiming Zhou.;Mingze Chang.;Guangxian Nan.;Jing Wang.;Guangyu Xiang.;Li Zhou.;Wen Gao.;Hong Zhang.;Jiheng Hao.;Chenghua Xu.;Yaxuan Sun.;Tingyu Yi.;Ganghua Feng.;Hongxing Han.;Feng Gao.;Ning Ma.;Dapeng Mo.;Xuan Sun.;Yiming Deng.;Xu Tong.;Xiaoqing Li.;Baixue Jia.;Bo Wang.;Zijun He.;Ming Yang.;Xingquan Zhao.;Xuelei Zhang.;Longhui Zhang.;Shuo Li.;Xin Tong.;Jing Jing.;Yunyun Xiong.;Tao Liu.;Zixiao Li.;Zeguang Ren.;Yilong Wang.;David S Liebeskind.;Tudor G Jovin.;Thanh N Nguyen.;Yongjun Wang.;Liping Liu.;Bernard Yan.;Xiaochuan Huo.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷7期582-591页
The role of intra-arterial tenecteplase for acute large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke after successful endovascular therapy is uncertain.
19. Lorundrostat in Participants With Uncontrolled Hypertension and Treatment-Resistant Hypertension: The Launch-HTN Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Manish Saxena.;Luke Laffin.;Claudio Borghi.;Beatriz Fernandez Fernandez.;Jalal K Ghali.;Branko Kopjar.;Krishna Polu.;Simon D Roger.;B T Slingsby.;Frank Strutz.;Liffert Vogt.;Matthew R Weir.;David Rodman.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷5期409-418页
Uncontrolled hypertension remains a global health concern and dysregulated aldosterone production is a central mechanism. Lorundrostat, a novel aldosterone synthase inhibitor that reduces aldosterone production, demonstrated efficacy in participants with uncontrolled hypertension, including those with treatment-resistant hypertension.
20. Conservative Oxygen Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Adult Patients: The UK-ROX Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Daniel S Martin.;Doug W Gould.;Tasnin Shahid.;James C Doidge.;Alex Cowden.;Zia Sadique.;Julie Camsooksai.;Walton N Charles.;Miriam Davey.;Amelia Francis-Johnson.;Roger M Garrett.;Michael P W Grocott.;Joanne Jones.;Lamprini Lampro.;Diane M Mackle.;B Ronan O'Driscoll.;Alvin Richards-Belle.;Anthony J Rostron.;Tamás Szakmány.;Alex Warren.;Paul J Young.;Kathryn M Rowan.;David A Harrison.;Paul R Mouncey.; .
来源: JAMA. 2025年334卷5期398-408页
Supplemental oxygen is frequently given to patients in intensive care units (ICUs); however, there is insufficient evidence to guide its therapeutic use and to minimize the potential harm caused by administering too little or too much.
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