Reduction of premature death and adverse cardiovascular outcomes is a key goal in type 2 diabetes management.

In January 2025, the Republican majority in the House of Representatives' Budget Committee offered a list of possible spending reductions to offset revenue losses from proposed tax cuts. In May, the Committee advanced a bill incorporating several reductions on the list. The Committee estimated that the 6 largest potential Medicaid cuts (for example, work requirements for some Medicaid enrollees) would each reduce the federal government's Medicaid outlays by at least $100 billion over 10 years. On the basis of the Committee's estimates of savings; Congressional Budget Office analyses; and peer-reviewed studies of the coverage, financial, and health impacts of past Medicaid expansions and contractions, the authors project the likely effects of each option and of the House bill advanced by the Budget Committee in May. Each option individually would reduce federal Medicaid outlays by between $100 billion and $900 billion over a decade, increase the ranks of the uninsured by between 600 000 and 3 900 000 and the annual number of persons forgoing needed medical care by 129 060 to 838 890, and result in 651 to 12 626 medically preventable deaths annually. Enactment of the House bill advanced in May would increase the number of uninsured persons by 7.6 million and the number of deaths by 16 642 annually, according to a mid-range estimate. These figures exclude harms from lowering provider payments and shrinking benefits, as well as possible repercussions from states increasing taxes or shifting expenditures from other needs to make up for shortfalls in federal Medicaid funding. Policy makers should weigh the likely health and financial harms to patients and providers of reducing Medicaid expenditures against the desirability of tax reductions, which would accrue mostly to wealthy Americans.

Following the success of the ANCHOR (Anal Cancer-HSIL Outcomes Research) trial, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommends anal cancer screening for high-risk persons, particularly men who have sex with men (MSM) with HIV.

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), but its role in primary CDI is unclear.

Incidence rates of appendiceal adenocarcinoma (AA) are increasing across all age groups in the United States. Birth cohort patterns of AA can provide new, etiologic clues into increasing rates but have not been examined.

Fourteen million people in the United States have symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA), a number that is expected to rise with an aging population. Patients with OA can benefit from nonoperative treatment. However, none of these treatments are disease modifying, and many patients eventually require total joint arthroplasty (TJA). The American College of Rheumatology and the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons recently issued a guideline on the optimal timing of TJA in patients with symptomatic moderate-to-severe OA for whom nonoperative therapy has been ineffective. In this article, 2 experts review the available evidence and discuss options for nonoperative treatment and the indications for and timing of operative therapy.

Nearly 8% of the U.S. population is diagnosed with asthma, leading to more than 5 million office visits and 1 million emergency department visits annually. Both outpatient and inpatient internal medicine clinicians treat asthma frequently, but nuances in diagnosis and management have emerged. This article highlights many of these developments.

Perioperative hemodynamic abnormalities have been associated with neurocognitive outcomes after noncardiac surgery.