Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a common complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The efficacy of standard first-line glucocorticoid treatment is limited; more than 40% of patients develop steroid-refractory aGVHD with an extremely poor prognosis. In recent years, mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) as a second-line treatment for steroid-refractory aGVHD has been widely studied worldwide. In 2025, the first domestic MSC product was conditional approved by the National Medical Products Administration for steroid-refractory aGVHD in patients aged 14 years and above in China. In light of this, this article reviews the clinical research progress of MSC in the treatment of steroid-refractory aGVHD, focusing on mechanisms and efficacy evaluation, aiming to deepen the understanding of the clinical potential and existing challenges of MSC.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an important treatment option for adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) , and achieving complete remission (CR) is a critical step before allo-HSCT. Recent studies have shown that immunotherapy with the bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) blinatumomab can eliminate residual chemotherapy-resistant B-ALL cells, significantly improve remission rates in patients with relapsed/refractory B-ALL and those with positive minimal residual disease (MRD) , successfully bridge patients to allo-HSCT, and provide additional options for post-transplant relapse management and maintenance therapy. This article reviews the application strategies of blinatumomab in adult B-ALL.

This study aimed to explore the application of CAR-T cell therapy bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with diffuse large B-cell Richter syndrome, and to review recent advances in the diagnosis, pathogenesis, and treatment of this disease. We retrospectively analyzed the diagnosis and treatment course of one patient diagnosed with Richter syndrome at Binzhou Medical University Hospital and reviewed relevant literature. The patient was a 49-year-old female with a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for over two years, who presented with a progressively enlarging right neck mass, and was ultimately diagnosed with transformation of CLL into diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) , i.e., Richter syndrome. The patient initially achieved a partial response after three cycles of R-DA-EPOCH combined with zanubrutinib therapy. Following disease progression, the treatment regimen was adjusted to a combination of PD-1 monoclonal antibody, CD20 monoclonal antibody, XPO1 inhibitor, and zanubrutinib for one cycle. This was followed by infusion of autologous anti-CD19 CAR-T cells and subsequent bridging to allo-HSCT. Assessments at 3 and 8 months post-transplantation both demonstrated disease complete remission.

Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of basiliximab for gastrointestinal (GI) chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) . Methods: This was a retrospective case series. Patients who developed GI-cGVHD after transplantation at the Peking University Institute of Hematology between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2023, were included. Outcomes included response rate, time to response, overall survival (OS) , and the incidence of neutropenia, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and infections. Results: A total of 41 patients with GI-cGVHD were included, with a median follow-up of 622 (range, 112-2 418) days. All patients received initial therapy including glucocorticoids, calcineurin inhibitors, and/or other immunosuppressive agents (eg, mycophenolate mofetil, mesenchymal stem cells, and sirolimus) . In the basiliximab group (n=25) , baseline diarrhea was grade 2-4 (grade 2, n=4; grade 3, n=18; grade 4, n=3) . Basiliximab was initiated a median of 6 days after initial therapy, and 12 patients (48.0% ) received >4 doses. In the basiliximab group, 22 patients (88.0% ) achieved complete response (CR) . Among patients who achieved CR, 15 (68.2% ) responded within ≤4 doses. In the non-basiliximab group (n=16) , baseline diarrhea was significantly milder than in the basiliximab group (P<0.001) and was grade 1-2 in all patients (grade 1, n=12; grade 2, n=4) . All patients in this group achieved CR. The response rate did not differ significantly between groups (88.0% vs 100.0% , P=0.150) . The 2-year OS rates were 75.4% and 86.7% (P=0.494) , the 2-year cumulative relapse rates were 16.9% and 14.3% (P=0.913) , and the 2-year non-relapse mortality rates were 14.2% and 6.7% (P=0.526) in the basiliximab and non-basiliximab groups, respectively. No new grade 3-4 hepatic or renal dysfunction or cytokine release syndrome was observed in the basiliximab group. In the basiliximab group, neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia occurred in 24.0% , 28.0% , and 28.0% of patients, respectively. Any infection, viral infection, bacterial infection, and fungal infection occurred in 52.0% , 36.0% , 32.0% , and 4.0% of patients, respectively. Conclusion: Basiliximab may be used to treat GI-cGVHD, with hematologic and infection-related adverse event rates comparable to those of other systemic immunosuppressants. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic option for GI-cGVHD; however, larger prospective studies are needed to further evaluate its safety.

Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) is one of myeloid neoplasms originating from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, featuring both myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative characteristics. Significant revisions have been made to the diagnostic and classification criteria for CMML in the 5th edition WHO classification (WHO 2022) and the International Consensus Classification (ICC) . Furthermore, besides the previously proposed CMML-specific prognostic scoring system (CPSS) , newer prognostic models such as CPSS-Mol, BLAST, and BLAST-Mol have recently been introduced, incorporating cytogenetic and molecular data. Treatment decisions for CMML patients should be comprehensively determined based on prognostic stratification, considering the patient's symptoms, disease burden (manifested as cytopenias or proliferative features) , evidence of disease progression, as well as individual patient status and preferences. This article provides an overview of diagnostic considerations, prognostic assessment and therapeutic options.

Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are a group of highly heterogeneous myeloid tumors originating from hematopoietic stem cells, clinically characterized by single or multiple lineage cytopenia with a risk of acute myeloid leukemia transformation. In recent years, significant progress has been made in basic research and the development of novel targeted therapy for MDS, and the 5th edition of the WHO classification has updated the subtypes of MDS. Therefore, the Chinese Society of Hematology, Chinese Medical Association has revised the "Chinese Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (2019) " to standardize the diagnosis, differential diagnosis, prognostic assessment, and treatment selection for MDS, thereby better guiding clinical practice.

To summarize the research in tissue regeneration and engineered scaffold materials for the prevention and treatment of lymphedema.

To review the research progress and application prospects of Kartogenin (KGN) in cartilage repair and tissue engineering.

To investigate B1 cell and follicular helper T (Tfh) levels in children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to assess whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate peripheral blood B1 cells and Tfh cells in pediatric SLE.

The loss of collagen is one of the core mechanisms of skin aging. Since collagens are among the most abundant proteins in the human body, their dynamic balance is crucial for maintaining the structure and functions of the skin. This paper systematically introduces the functions and action mechanisms of type I, III, IV, VII, and XVII collagens, which play key roles in the process of skin aging. Type I collagen mainly provides mechanical support to the dermis; type III collagen enhances skin elasticity and assists in barrier repair; type IV collagen maintains the stability of the basement membrane; type VII collagen mediates epidermal-dermal anchoring; and type XVII collagen regulates the homeostasis of epidermal stem cells. Furthermore, this paper deeply discusses the research progress in anti-aging strategies based on the mechanism of collagen loss, including the application of antioxidants to reduce oxidative damage to collagen, the use of new active ingredients to stimulate collagen synthesis, and the promotion of endogenous collagen regeneration by supplementing collagen peptides and other methods. This review aims to integrate the functional network of different types of collagens in skin aging, providing new perspectives and ideas for the development of multi-dimensional and synergistic anti-aging strategies.

To explore the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of cell transplantation in mouse liver, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based untargeted metabolomics was employed to screen the differential metabolites in the liver tissue of mice undergoing cell transplantation. We then explored the biological significance of differential metabolites through pathway analysis, correlation analysis, and cluster analysis, aiming to decipher the potential mechanisms affecting the therapeutic outcomes of cell transplantation. The augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR) has been reported to regulate stem/progenitor cell fate. An acute liver failure (ALF) model was induced in mice with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and the mice were allocated into three groups (n=5) and transplanted with liver epithelial progenitor cells (LEPCs) with normal expression, overexpression, and knockdown of ALR via splenic injection. Liver tissue samples were collected for LC-MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis. Differential metabolites were screened and subjected to Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis to identify potential targets influencing the efficacy of cell transplantation. A total of 4 861 metabolites were detected in both positive and negative ion modes. Comparisons were conducted among the three groups with the threshold of fold change (FC)≥2 or≤0.5. The overexpression group and the normal expression group showed minor differences in metabolomic profiles, demonstrating high metabolic similarity. Therefore, we focused on comparing the overexpression group with the knockdown group. Twenty-four differential metabolites were identified between the two groups, with the overexpression group showing 16 upregulated metabolites and 8 downregulated metabolites. Among them, geniposidic acid (GPA) exhibited the most significant upregulation. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the overexpression group was primarily associated with six metabolic pathways. Importantly, GPA has been repeatedly reported to participate in the regulation of the bile acid metabolism pathway. ALR overexpression in LEPCs may enhance the therapeutic efficacy by upregulating GPA expression and modulating the bile acid metabolism pathway, thereby creating a favorable liver microenvironment for transplanted cells.

Cell-cultured meat is an innovative type of meat product produced by culturing stem cells in vitro based on the mechanisms of animal growth and repair. It has gradually become an important research focus and development direction in the field of alternative protein foods. Due to the severe lack of historical experience and data regarding human consumption, its safety has attracted global attention. Allergens and allergenicity are one of the core issues, while this field is still in its infancy. In this work, we systematically identify the potential allergen sources throughout the cell-cultured meat production chain, which cover seed cells, production materials (culture media, scaffolds, and carriers), and manufacturing processes. We review recent advances in allergen evaluation and cross-allergenicity research, as well as the key challenges in this emerging field. This study explores the potential for developing a high-throughput, scientifically robust evaluation system for the allergenicity of cultured meat by integrating theories and methodologies from multiple disciplines. The aim is to provide forward-looking and scientific support for the production, risk assessment, and safety management of cell-cultured meat products.

Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for tumors and is involved in the treatment course of more than 50% of cancer patients. However, resistance to ionizing radiation results in suboptimal radiotherapy efficacy and contributes to tumor recurrence and metastasis at later stages. With the increasing understanding of tumor pathogenesis, cancer stem cell (CSC), characterized by self-renewal capacity and differentiation potential, have attracted growing attention and play key roles in radiotherapy resistance, tumor progression, metastasis, immune evasion, and other processes. Mechanisms including the tumor microenvironment, DNA damage repair, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) are critical drivers of CSC-mediated radiotherapy resistance. Reviewing the key pathways involved and identifying CSC-specific therapeutic targets may provide new insights for developing more efficient and less toxic radiotherapy strategies.

To evaluate the feasibility of using cell membrane vesicles (CMVs) as a delivery system for small interfering RNA (siRNA) and to assess their performance in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory model of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).

To investigate the role of microRNA miR-488-5p, which showed increased expression after the disconnection of the inferior alveolar nerve, in promoting the osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs), as well as its effect on promoting the neuralized tissue engineered bone regeneration.

Salivary gland diseases are common disorders in the oral and maxillofacial region, mainly classified into two categories: Tumorous and non-tumorous. Non-tumorous salivary gland diseases include various types such as salivary gland inflammation, Sjögren syndrome, granulomatous diseases, and developmental abnormalities. Some of these diseases are local lesions, while others are closely associated with systemic diseases, often accompanied by impaired salivary secretion function, leading to xerostomia and secondary lesions. Over the past more than 20 years, the Salivary Gland Disease Research Center of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has conducted systematic and in-depth studies focusing on the regulation of salivary secretion function by tight junction proteins, the clinicopathological characteristics, prevention and treatment of novel chronic sialadenitis [including immunoglobulin (Ig) G4-related sialadenitis, 131I-induced sialadenitis, and eosinophilic sialodochitis], stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth-based therapy for Sjögren syndrome, and salivary gland developmental abnormalities. These studies provide important references for the basic research, clinical diagnosis and treatment of related diseases.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats using proteomics analysis. Methods: This study was a self-control design experimental study. Four 8 to 10 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected, and ADSCs were extracted from their epididymal adipose tissue and successfully identified. The third passage of ADSCs were used for the following experiments. Twenty-four 4 to 6 weeks old male Sprague-Dawley rats were selected and the type 2 diabetes model was successfully established. Among them, 16 diabetic rats weighing 350 to 400 g were chosen, and a full-thickness skin defect wound was created on each side of the spine on their backs at the same level. Using the random number table method, the two wounds of each rat were included in experimental group and control group (with 16 wounds in each group), and the cell suspensions containing ADSCs and phosphate buffered saline were injected at multiple points around and at the base of the wounds immediately after injury, respectively. The wound healing rates were calculated at day 7, 10, and 14 after injury in rats. At day 7 after injury in rats, wound tissue was collected and proteins were extracted. Four-dimensional data-independent acquisition label-free quantitative proteomics technology was used for quantitative proteomics analysis and bioinformatics analysis to screen differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the two groups of wound tissue. Then, key DEPs were screened through protein-protein interaction networks, gene ontology (GO) was used for functional annotation and enrichment analysis, and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) was used for pathway enrichment analysis to further screen target DEPs. The wound tissue of rats 7 days after injury was collected, and Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of thymocyte differentiation antigen 1 (Thy-1) and G protein-coupled receptor 177/Wnt ligand secretion mediator (GPR177/Wls). Results: At day 7, 10, and 14 after injury in rats, the wound healing rates in experimental group were (66±16)%, (83±8)%, and (93±4)%, respectively, which were significantly higher than (30±8)%, (62±6)%, and (77±8)% in control group (with t values of -4.41, -7.46, and -6.65, respectively, P<0.05). At day 7 after injury in rats, compared with those in control group, a total of 474 DEPs were screened from the wound tissue in experimental group (P<0.05). A total of 224 key DEPs were further screened out, among which 78 DEPs were significantly upregulated and 146 DEPs were significantly downregulated. GO functional annotation analysis showed that the most significantly upregulated and downregulated DEPs mainly affected protein expression under cellular processes and biological regulation conditions, and were related to cell anatomical entities and protein-containing complexes, as well as specific binding and catalytic activity between biomolecules. GO functional enrichment analysis showed that the most significantly upregulated DEPs were significantly enriched in Wnt-protein binding. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the significantly upregulated and downregulated DEPs were enriched in pathways such as starch and sucrose metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, p53 signaling pathway, and extracellular matrix -receptor interaction, and so on. A total of 4 target proteins were screened out, including Thy-1, GPR177/Wls, Fer/CIP4 homology domain only 2, and mitochondrial ribosomal protein L21, with the first two being significantly upregulated DEPs while the latter two being significantly downregulated DEPs. At day 7 after injury in rats, the protein expressions of GPR177/Wls and Thy-1 in the wound tissue in experimental group were 0.93±0.07 and 0.96±0.05, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.39±0.07 and 0.36±0.12 in control group (with t values of 11.61 and 9.41, respectively, P<0.05). Conclusions: Based on proteomics analysis, it was revealed that ADSCs from rats can promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats by upregulating the protein expression of GPR177/Wls and Thy-1.

To evaluate the effect of exosomes derived from folic acid (FA)-treated infrapatellar fat pad mesenchymal stem cells (IPFP-MSCs) on M1 and M2 polarization of macrophages in vitro.

Dental stem cells (DSCs) are a type of adult stem cells derived from teeth and their surrounding tissues. DSCs have attracted significant attention in tooth and bone regeneration research due to their strong osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation potential. Recent studies have shown that lipid metabolism plays a crucial role in stem cell biological activities and may even serve as a key determinant of cell fate. However, the specific roles and regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism in the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DSCs have not yet been systematically summarized or comprehensively elucidated. Based on the latest research advances, we systematically analyzed the changes in lipid metabolism during the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of DSCs and explored the key regulatory functions involved in this process, aiming to provide new perspectives on metabolic regulation and potential intervention strategies for regenerative medicine research.

Trained immunity is a state of enhanced immune responsiveness based on innate immune (epigenetic) memory. It has recently been reported that trained immunity plays an important role in the comorbidity of periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Epigenetic modifications in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) can activate trained immunity in bone marrow-derived cells, a mechanism closely associated with the onset and progression of periodontitis and other related systemic diseases. Exhibiting hyper-reactivity, trained immune cells are capable of migrating to distant joint sites and eliciting a more intense inflammatory response upon external stimulation. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of trained immunity and its involvement in both periodontitis and RA. Understanding the role of trained immunity in the association between periodontitis and RA provides valuable insights for further research and the development of therapeutic strategies for inflammatory comorbidities, such as periodontitis and RA.