Objective: To clarify the function and molecular mechanisms of serpin family E member 2 (SERPINE2) in cellular migration and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods: The expression of SERPINE2 in ESCC was analyzed by using online databases TCGA (http: //gepia.cancer-pku.cn/detail.php and http: //ualcan.path.uab. edu/index.html). The expressions of SERPINE2 mRNA in normal human esophageal epithelial cell line NE2, human ESCC cell lines KYSE30 and KYSE150 were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). SERPINE2-konckdown or SERPINE2-overexpressed plasmid was transfected into KYSE30 cells, and the efficiencies of the knockdown and overexpression system were tested by qRT-PCR. The relationships of SERPINE2 and ESCC migration and invasion were determined by migration and invasion assays in vitro. The associations between SERPINE2 expression and β-catenin as well as its target genes including c-Myc, cyclin D1 and CD44 were analyzed by immunofluorescence, qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Results: The expressions of SERPINE2 were significantly upregulated in both esophageal cancer (ESCA) and ESCC tissues compared to normal tissues by analyzing 182 and 95 cases, respectively (P<0.01). SERPINE2 is highly expressed in both KYSE30 and KYSE150 cells (P<0.05). The number of migrating and invading cells in control group were (212.66±24.11)/field and (136.00±14.42)/field, while were (88.33±9.71)/field and (77.00±9.53)/field in SERPINE2-knockdown 1 group, and (66.00±8.00)/field and (45.66±3.78)/field in SERPINE2-knockdown 2 group, respectively, and the differences were dramatically significant compared with the control group (P<0.01). The number of migrating and invading cells in control group were (250.00±30.00)/field and (203.33±15.27)/field, while were (383.33±35.11)/field and (246.66±25.16)/field in SERPINE2-overpressed group, and the differences were strikingly significant compared with the control group (P<0.01). The protein expression of β-catenin was upregulated while phosphorylated β-catenin protein expression was downregulated in SERPINE2-overexpressed KYSE30 cells when compared to control cells.The transcription activity of β-catenin was significantly upregulated and the mRNA expressions of its target genes including c-Myc, cyclin D1 and CD44 were all increased. After treated with 25 μM iCRT14, the number of migrated cells in the control and SERPINE2-overpressed groups were (200.00±36.05)/field and (258.33±22.54)/field, and the number of invaded cells were (160.00±17.32)/field and (188.33±25.65)/field, respectively, the differences were dramatically significant compared with the group without iCRT14 treatment (P<0.01). Conclusion: SERPINE2 is significantly upregulated in ESCC cells and can promote cellular migration and invasion by activating β-catenin, which may provide a potential therapeutic target for patients with ESCC.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine malignancy, and thyroid carcinoma (PTC) has the highest incidence rate, accounts for about 85%~90% of thyroid carcinoma. There are many markers of PTC, such as murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B1 (BRAF), telomerase reverse transcriptase, Ki-67, microRNA-146b, PDZ and LIM domain 5 (PDLIM5). Among them, BRAF plays an important role in the carcinogenesis, development and prognosis of PTC. This article summarizes the research progress of BRAF signaling pathway, its role in the carcinogenesis, development and prognosis of PTC, its clinical correlation with the clinical pathological characteristics of PTC, and its application in the diagnosis and treatment of PTC to provide the references to readers.

In China, the incidence and mortality of lung cancer are ranked the first among malignant tumors. In order to further standardize the prevention and treatment measures of lung cancer, improve the prognosis of patients, and provide professional evidence-based medical recommendations to clinical medical staffs, Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association organized experts from departments of pulmonary medicine, oncology, thoracic surgery, radiotherapy, imaging and pathology, based on the international guidelines and clinical practices in China, integrated the latest evidence-based medical evidences in lung cancer pathology, genetic testing, immune molecular marker detection and treatment methods in recent years. After consensus meetings, the Oncology Society of Chinese Medical Association guideline for clinical diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer in China was conducted, which provided recommendations of lung cancer screening, diagnosis, pathology, treatment and follow-up to clinicians, imaging, laboratory, and rehabilitation professionals.

The long intergic non-protein coding RNA 460 (LINC00460) is abnormally highly expressed in gastrointestinal tumors and plays an important role in promoting tumor formation and development. LINC00460 is mainly distributed in cytoplasm and has many abnormal gene variants of single nucleotide polymorphism in tumors. LINC00460 can promote the proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, radiotherapy and chemotherapy resistance, inhibit the apoptosis of tumor cells, and further promote the malignant progression of tumors via involving in chromatin state maintenance, methylation modification, endogenous competition and transcriptional regulation. It may serve as a valuable tumor marker and therapeutic target.

Drug resistance is the main obstacle in the treatment of many cancers. It is of great clinical significance to study the mechanism of drug resistance and find new targets. Multi-omics mainly includes genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and radiomics. In recent years, the research of tumor resistance has made rapid development, which has significantly accelerated the discovery of new targets.

Long non-coding RNA (LncRNA) is an important transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulatory molecule in the body. In recent years, relationship between LncRNA and malignant phenotype of tumor cells has been revealed gradually. This study aims to investigate the expression characteristics of pit-oct-unc class 3 homeobox 3 related long non-coding RNA (Linc-POU3F3) in esophageal cancer and its relationship with radiation resistance (IR) as well as the expressions of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in esophageal cancer cells.

To screen the expression profiles of lncRNA and mRNA related to the radiosensitivity of melanoma cells by inhibiting glycolysis through microarray technology.

Lung cancer is the most common malignant tumor in clinic. The prognosis of advanced patients is poor, and the 5-year survival rate is low. Therefore, early diagnosis becomes the key to improve the prognosis of patients. In recent years, with the development of molecular biology technology, aberrant modification of some driver genes, such as methylation, has become an important method for early diagnosis of lung cancer. The purpose of the present work was to quantitatively evaluate the diagnostic value of abnormal hypermethylation in short state homeobox 2 (SHOX2) promoter region in lung cancer by evidence-based medicine.

Autophagy related genes (ARGs) regulate lysosomal degradation to induce autophagy, and are involved in the occurrence and development of a variety of cancers. The expression of ARGs in tumor tissues has a great prospect in predicting the survival of patients. The aim of this study was to construct a prognostic risk score model for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) based on ARGs.

Objective: To explore the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA RP11-159K7.2 in the progression of sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC). Methods: Sixty-five cases of SNSCC tissues and adjacent tissues were selected from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University from 2009 to 2014. The expression of RP11-159K7.2 in SNSCC and adjacent tissues was detected by RNAscope in situ hybridization to observe its association with prognosis. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated proteins 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) was used to knockout the expression of RP11-159K7.2 in RPMI-2650 cells (SNSCC cell line). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), wound healing and Transwell were performed to observe the changes of proliferation, migration and invasion of SNSCC cells in vitro after down-regulation of RP11-159K7.2. Moreover, the growth of xenograft in nude mice after down-regulation of RP11-159K7.2 was examined in vivo. Mechanically, the protein chip, Western blot and RNA immunoprecipitation were performed to identify the proteins bound by RP11-159K7.2. SPSS 17.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: The expression of RP11-159K7.2 in SNSCC tissue was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. RP11-159K7.2 expression was closely related with T grade, nodal metastasis and differentiation of SNSCC (χ2 value was 4.697, 4.235 and 10.753, respectively, all P<0.05). The five-year survival rate of RP11-159K7.2 high expression patients was significantly lower than that of RP11-159K7.2 low expression ones (P=0.013 7). After the down-regulation of RP11-159K7.2, the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of SNSCC cells decreased significantly, and the growth of SNSCC xenograft was significantly inhibited. There were 31 candidate proteins that may bind to RP11-159K7.2. RP11-159K7.2 directly bound to nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in SNSCC cells, and the regulation of RP11-159K7.2 on the proliferation and invasion of SNSCC cells depended on NF-κB. Conclusion: The increased expression of RP11-159K7.2 in SNSCC may serve as a potential molecular marker for SNSCC prognosis assessment. It is currently considered that the carcinogenic mechanism of RP11-159K7.2 in SNSCC is related to the regulation of NF-κB protein.

Objective: To analyze the protein expression differences of lacrimal gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (LACC) with high-grade transformation (HGT). Methods: Experimental study. A total of 8 paraffin tissue samples were collected in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from December 2012 to January 2019. According to pathological examination, the samples were divided into the LACC group and the LACC-HGT group, with 4 cases in each group. The LACC group included 2 male samples and 2 female samples, with an average age of 53 years. The LACC-HGT group included 2 male samples and 2 female samples, with an average age of 44 years. Primary cells were cultured from fresh tumor tissue. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification techniques were used to screen the differentially expressed proteins between the two groups, and bioinformatics analysis was conducted for the differentially expressed proteins. Microarray was used to screen differentially expressed mRNAs between LACC and LACC-HGT primary cells. The mass spectrum data were intersected with mRNA microarray data, and quantitative real-time (qRT) PCR was performed to verify the results. Proteomics and microarray data were compared using the independent sample t test. The qRT-PCR data were compared pairwise by one-way analysis of variance. Results: A total of 105 HGT-related differential proteins were detected in this study, including 50 up-regulated proteins and 55 down-regulated proteins. The significantly up-regulated proteins included hemoglobin subunit beta, hemoglobin subunit alpha 1, and collagen type Ⅵ alpha 2 chain; the significantly down-regulated proteins included Cereblon, adenosylhomocysteinase like 2, and ribosomal protein L39 pseudogene 5. Gene ontology analysis results showed that the LACC-HGT differential proteins were mainly located in the cytoplasm, vesicle cavity, and extracellular matrix, had organic acid binding and molecular carrier activity, and participated in the regulation of extracellular matrix composition, immunity, inflammation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. Pathway analysis showed that the LACC-HGT differential proteins were mainly involved in signal pathways such as mitogen-activated protein kinase signal pathway and extracellular matrix proteoglycans and glycan metabolism signal pathway. Protein complex prediction analysis screened out 4 up-regulated protein complexes and 1 down-regulated protein complex. There were 15 LACC-HGT differential proteins that overlapped with mRNA chip differential genes, of which 6 were tumor-related proteins including collagen type XIV alpha 1 chain (COL14A1), EMAP like 4 (EML4), inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 (ITIH4), NDRG family member 2 (NDRG2), osteoglycin (OGN) an Ras homolog family member C (RhoC). The main function was the movement and migration of tumor cells. The qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expression levels of COL14A1, EML4, ITIH4, NDRG2, OGN, and RhoC in primary LACC-1, LACC-2, LACC-HGT-1, and LACC-HGT-2 cells were significantly different (F=1 675.98, 38.53, 27.37, 16.47, 13.38, 25.22, all P<0.01). For example, the relative expression of COL14A1 in primary LACC-HGT-1 (16.09±0.51) and LACC-HGT-2 (9.96±0.34) cells was significantly higher than that in primary LACC-1 (1.00±0.13) and LACC-2 (0.67±0.08) cells (all P<0.05). Conclusion: There are differentially expressed proteins between LACC-HGT and LACC, among which COL14A1, EML4, ITIH4, NDRG2, OGN, and RhoC may play an important role in LACC-HGT and can be used as potential targets of LACC-HGT in further study. (Chin J Ophthalmol, 2021, 57: 531-539).

To explore the phenotypic and genetic characteristics of acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) in young children accompany by WT1, MLL-PTD and EVI1, in order to improve the diagnosis level of AMKL.

To analyze the expression of microRNA-106a(miR-106a) in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

To investigate the regulatory role of the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) small nucleolar host gene 3 (SNHG3) in proliferation, migration and invasion of human cervical cancer cell line SiHa.

To investigate the value of quantitative detection of ITGA4 and SFRP2 gene methylation in stool DNA for the early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of colorectal tumors.

To detect the expression of miR-4719 in breast cancer tissues and cells and explore its role in regulating invasion and migration of breast cancer cells.

To investigate the expression of nicotinamide-N-methyltransferase (NNMT) in gastric cancer (GC) and explore its biological and clinicopathological significance.

Objective To explore the function and mechanism of related genes in the occurrence and development of liver cancer, and the possibility of key genes as potential biomarkers and prognostic indicators for the treatment of liver cancer.Methods We selected 4 datasets(GSE57957, GSE121248, GSE36376 and GSE14520)from the GEO database.With P<0.05 and |log2FC|>1 as the thresholds, we used GEO2R and Venn Diagram Software to filter out the common significant differentially expressed genes(DEGs).Cytoscape 3.6.1 plug-ins CytoHubba and molecular complex detection(MCODE)were used to screen out the hub genes and modules of DEGs.In addition, survival analysis of DEGs was performed by gene expression profiling(GEPIA), and Human Protein Atlas(HPA)were used to examine the protein expression levels of key genes in normal liver tissue and liver cancer tissue.Results There were 45 obviously up-regulated genes and 132 down-regulated genes, and MCODE identified 13 clusters.The cluster 1 and cluster 2 with higher scores included 16 genes and 13 genes, respectively.Among the 32 significant DEGs, IGFALS, HGFAC, CYP3A4, SLC22A1, TAT and CYP2E1 demonstrated significantly higher expression levels in liver tissue than in other organs.The HPA immunohistochemistry(IHC)data showed that the expression levels of IGFALS, CYP3A4, SLC22A1 and CYP2E1 in liver cancer tissue were significantly down-regulated and related to the low overall survival rate of patients.Conclusion The liver tissue-specific genes IGFALS, CYP3A4, SLC22A1 and CYP2E1 are under-expressed in liver cancer and associated with poor prognosis, which may be potential biomarkers and prognostic indicators for liver cancer.

Objective To investigate the effect of knocking down hexokinase 2 (HK2) on the proliferation and drug resistance of breast cancer cells and its mechanism. Methods The MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells were transfected with the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmid. The mRNA and protein levels of HK2 were detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blotting, respectively; MTT assay was used to detect the effect of HK2 on the proliferation and 5-fluorouraci (5-FU) resistance of breast cancer cells; Lactate assay and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) were used to detect the effect of HK2 on the glycolysis of breast cancer cells. Results The breast cancer cell line with stable & low expression of HK2 was obtained, and the mRNA and protein levels of HK2 were significantly reduced. Knockdown of HK2 significantly inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer cells and enhanced the killing effect of 5-FU on them. Down regulation of HK2 significantly inhibited the lactate secretion and lowered the glycolysis baseline in breast cancer cells. Conclusion Knockdown of HK2 inhibits the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and reduce their resistance to 5-FU.

Many studies have shown that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a key regulatory role in the whole biological process of tumors. The purpose of this study was to explore the biological function and molecular mechanism of circ_0001666 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), so as to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC. Gene expression profiles were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE101586) and the differential genes were obtained by using GEO2R analysis. The quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of circ_0001666 in NSCLC cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and Annexin V-FITC apoptosis detection kit were respectively used to assess the cell proliferation and apoptosis, where circ_0001666 was knockdown in NSCLC cells. The targeted relationship among mircoRNA 330-5p (miR-330-5p), circ_0001666, and high mobility group A2 protein (HMGA2) was verified by bioinformatics prediction, dual-luciferase reporter gene, RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) and RNA pull down assay. The results showed that the expression of circ_0001666 in NSCLC cells was significantly up-regulated than that in normal lung epithelial cells. Circ_0001666 knockdown reduced the cell viability and promoted the apoptosis of NSCLC cells, which could be reversed by miR-330-5p inhibitors. MiR-330-5p is the downstream target of circ_0001666 and can be adsorbed by circ_0001666. HMGA2 is a target gene of miR-330-5p, which can be indirectly regulated by circ_0001666. The results suggest that circ_0001666 promotes the proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of NSCLC cells via miR-330-5p/HMGA2 axis.