To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) complicated by bone lesions and the risk factors associated with bone lesions.

To investigate the effect of COX6C on the proliferation of multiple myeloma (MM) cells and its mechanism of action.

To study the mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO) combined with metformin (MET) in promoting apoptosis of leukemia cells.

To investigate the bone marrow and peripheral blood cytological characteristics and prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FLT3-ITD mutation.

Lung cancer is the malignant tumor with the highest incidence and mortality in China, and accurate clinical staging is crucial for judging its prognosis and formulating treatment strategies. Currently, the internationally recognized tumor-nodule-metastasis (TNM) staging system centers on tumor anatomical characteristics but struggles to reflect the biological essence of tumors. Based on the TNM staging, the TNM-blood (TNMB) staging incorporates blood molecular biomarkers to achieve multi-dimensional assessment of anatomical and biological characteristics. Initially applied to cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, it has gradually expanded to the field of lung cancer in recent years. This review summarizes the existing research and applications of TNMB staging in lung cancer, comparatively analyzes the differences between TNMB and the traditional TNM staging in terms of staging basis, evaluation dimensions and clinical efficacy, and further summarizes the existing types of molecular biomarkers related to B staging as well as those expected to be included in B staging.
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Lung cancer remains a life-threatening malignancy with complex pathogenesis. This paper provides a systematic review of autophagy and ferroptosis-related signaling pathways, key regulatory factors, and their associated mechanisms, including the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4)-mediated ferritin autophagy-ferroptosis axis, mitochondrial autophagy, lipid droplet autophagy, circadian autophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy, etc.. The review elucidates the roles of the tumor microenvironment and non-coding RNAs in autophagy-ferroptosis processes in lung cancer. Furthermore, it explores the potential of modern drugs and active components from traditional Chinese medicine to improve lung cancer outcomes by targeting autophagy and ferroptosis, proposing that targeting their interactive pathways could offer novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer.
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Lung cancer is one of the most prevalent and lethal malignant tumors worldwide, with lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) being a major subtype. In recent years, research has revealed that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the development and progression of LUAD. Notably, the role of neutrophils has increasingly garnered attention. Studies have shown that neutrophils can differentiate into various phenotypes within the TME, exhibiting multiple pro-tumorigenic functions. Additionally, neutrophils can secrete neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in response to certain stimuli. Although NETs possess anti-tumor characteristics, an increasing number of studies have uncovered their multifaceted pro-tumor functions. This review describes the role of neutrophils in the initiation, development, and metastasis of LUAD, focusing on immunoregulation, cellular metabolism, genetics, and various molecular mechanisms.
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The discrimination between benign and malignant pulmonary space-occupying lesions and the classification of pathological subtypes of lung cancer are critical for clinical decision-making. However, conventional methods often suffer from insufficient utilization of multi-source clinical data and poor interpretability of deep learning models. This study investigates the performance of interpretable deep learning algorithms in diagnosing benign versus malignant pulmonary space-occupying lesions and classifying pathological subtypes of lung cancer, using a hybrid architecture based on Tab-Transformer-designed for tabular data and Residual Multi-Layer Perceptron (ResMLP), referred to as TT-ResMLP.

A 57-year-old male patient presented to the ophthalmology department with right eye pain, swelling, and epiphora. He was initially diagnosed with a right orbital mass, right globe rupture, and possible choroidal melanoma. MRI revealed abnormal signals in the right vitreous body. Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent right eye enucleation. Intraoperatively, opening the globe revealed a large grayish-black mass. Pathological examination confirmed choroidal melanoma. Postoperatively, the patient was transferred to the oncology department for prevention of orbital tumor recurrence and metastasis.

Objective: To investigate the clinical and histopathological characteristics of orbital diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (O-DLBCL). Methods: It was a retrospective case series study. The clinical data of patients diagnosed with O-DLBCL in Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital) and Shaanxi Eye Hospital from January 2016 to December 2024 were included. The clinical manifestations, imaging and pathological characteristics of the patients were collected. Immunohistochemical indicators such as CD20, C-MYC, CD10, Bcl-2, Bcl-6, MUM1, P53 and CD30 were detected by immunohistochemistry EnVision method, and they were typed according to the Hans method. Fisher's exact probability method was used for data analysis. Results: A total of 19 patients (19 eyes) were included, including 9 males and 10 females. The median age was 56.0 (50.3, 63.0) years, and the range was 30~83 years. There were 9 cases in the left eye and 10 cases in the right eye. Among them, 17 cases were primary O-DLBCL and 2 cases were secondary O-DLBCL. The clinical manifestations of the patients included exophthalmos in 16 cases, eye movement restriction in 14 cases, eyelid swelling in 15 cases, eyelid drooping in 4 cases, orbital swelling and pain in 11 cases, positive intraorbital pressure in 10 cases, conjunctival hyperemia and edema in 9 cases, lacrimation in 5 cases, diplopia in 4 cases, and visual acuity loss in 3 cases. Imaging manifestations showed irregular soft tissue density shadows in the orbit, infiltrative growth, invasive growth that could invade surrounding soft tissues or orbital bones, 3 cases invaded the maxillary sinuses or nasal sinuses, and 6 patients were considered benign lesions on imaging. The median maximum diameter of tumors was 2.2 (1.0, 3.0) cm, and the range was 0.6-5.0 cm. 5 cases involved the lacrimal glands, 2 cases involved the eyelids, 15 cases were histologically typed as centroblasts, and 4 cases were immunoblasts; According to the Hans typing method, there were 13 cases of non-erminal center b-cell-like (non-GCB) type and 6 cases of GCB type. Immunohistochemistry showed that 16 patients were positive for Bcl-2, 11 cases were positive for C-MYC, 9 cases were co-expressed for Bcl-2 and C-MYC, 3 cases were positive for CD30, 11 cases were positive for P53, and 13 cases had a high proliferation index (Ki67≥80%). All 19 patients underwent intraorbital mass resection, of which 8 were partial mass resection, 11 cases were complete mass resection, and 3 patients underwent intranasal or intramaxillary sinus mass resection at the same time. 16 patients were followed up for 2~48 months, of which 10 patients survived, 6 patients died, 1 case developed lung metastasis after 2 months of follow-up, and the rest did not have lymphoma from other sites. There are 8 patients treated with R-CHOP regimen (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine combined with prednisone) for 2~9 courses, of which 3 cases had complete remission, 4 cases had partial remission, and 1 case died after treatment. Conclusion: O-DLBCL is mostly a centroblastic type and a non-GCB type, with high Ki67 and high dual expression ratios of Bcl-2 and C-MYC, and should be actively treated to reduce its mortality rate.

Objective: To investigate the expression of cellular prion protein (PrPc) and tumor stem cell marker, CD44, in colorectal cancer, and to analyze their correlation with the metastasis and prognosis of colorectal cancer. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 212 colorectal cancer samples received by the Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China from August 2017 to February 2024. Immunohistochemical staining and immunofluorescence double staining were used to examine the expression of PrPc and CD44 in colorectal cancer. Their relationship with the clinical outcomes of colorectal cancer was analyzed. The expression of PrPc and CD44 was scored using the proportion of positive tumor cells and staining intensity, and the expression levels were divided into the 4 categories of negative, weakly positive, moderately positive, and strongly positive. The knockout of PrPc in colorectal cancer stem cells P6C was performed to assess cell growth and migration capacity, and to analyze the role of PrPc in tumor metastasis. Results: The study cohort comprised 212 patients, including 130 males and 82 females, with an age range of 33 to 96 years and a mean age of (64.7±12.7) years. According to the tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system, the cases were distributed as follows: 26 cases in stage T1, 61 cases in T2, 58 cases in T3, and 67 cases in T4. Regarding lymph node status, 151 patients were free from lymph node metastasis, while 61 patients had lymph node metastasis. In terms of distant metastasis, 136 patients had no distant metastasis, and 76 patients were diagnosed with distant metastasis. Histopathological grading revealed 1 case of well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, 166 cases of moderately-differentiated adenocarcinoma, and 45 cases of poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The percentage of PrPc-expressing cells in advanced tumors (T4, 88.1%, 59/67), poorly-differentiated tumors (82.2%, 37/45), tumors with lymph node metastasis (86.9%, 53/61) or distant metastasis (85.5%, 65/76) was higher than that in early-stage or well-differentiated tumors. The co-expression of PrPc and CD44 in advanced tumors (86.6%, 58/67), poorly-differentiated tumors (80.0%, 36/45), and tumors with lymph node metastasis (85.3%, 52/61) or distant metastasis (84.2%, 64/76) was also higher. Statistical analysis showed that the expression of PrPc alone and the co-expression of PrPc/CD44 were significantly correlated with tumor differentiation, T staging, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that PrPc knockout suppressed the expression of N-cadherin and Twist, metastasis-related proteins. Scratch assay and Transwell assay demonstrated that PrPc knockout inhibited the invasion and migration of cancer stem cells. Continuous cell counting revealed that PrPc knockout impaired the proliferation of colorectal cancer stem cells (P<0.01). Conclusions: The expression of PrPc may be related to the occurrence and progression of colorectal cancer. It thus can serve as an indicator of tumor invasion, metastasis and prognosis. The knockout of PrPc inhibits growth and migration of tumor stem cells, revealing that PrPc may have the ability to promote the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.