This study aimed to explore the impact of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Our findings offer a theoretical foundation for advancing the research and development of novel therapeutic agents for OSCC.

To determine whether dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) modulates oxaliplatin efficacy for colorectal cancer (CRC) and explore the underlying integrin αvβ3-dependent mechanism.

Objective: To exploit the elevated glutathione (GSH) levels in the tumor microenvironment and investigate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel glutathione-responsive apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) site captor, Probe-NEt, against anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). Methods: Fluorescence imaging compared Probe-NEt uptake and activation in normal thyroid (Nthy ori 3-1), ATC (THJ-16T, CAL-62), and lung cancer (H1299) cells. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were determined by cytotoxicity assays; DNA damage was evaluated using appropriate assays. Flow cytometry analyzed cell cycle distribution and apoptosis following treatment with low (5 μmol/L) or high (20 μmol/L) Probe-NEt concentrations. BALB/c nude mice bearing subcutaneous ATC xenografts received low (0.025 mg) or high (0.05 mg) dose injections. Tumor volumes were monitored; HE staining assessed biosafety in major organs; immunohistochemistry detected apoptosis-related protein expression. Results: ATC cells demonstrated significantly higher Probe-NEt activation than normal thyroid cells. Probe-NEt exhibited selective cytotoxicity (higher IC50 in normal vs. ATC cells; all P＜0.01) with time-dependent characteristics; the selectivity ratio increased from 1.7 at 24 h (62.4 vs. 37.7 μmol/L) to 2.4 at 48 h (32.7 vs. 13.5 μmol/L). Probe-NEt induced DNA damage, G2/M arrest (THJ-16T: from 5% to 43%; CAL-62: from 19% to 37%), and dose-dependent late apoptosis. In THJ-16T cells, late apoptotic rates rose from 5.49% (control) to 13.95% (low-dose) and 63.43% (high-dose), with viable cells decreasing accordingly (89.42%, 76.01%, 20.45%). CAL-62 cells showed similar trends (16.72%, 40.19%, 69.88%). In vivo, Probe-NEt significantly suppressed tumor growth without hepatorenal toxicity (all P＞0.167). Immunohistochemistry revealed upregulated pro-apoptotic proteins, downregulated anti-apoptotic proteins, and decreased Ki-67 expression. Conclusion: The glutathione-responsive AP site captor Probe-NEt significantly inhibits ATC cell growth, induces G2/M phase cell cycle arrest, promotes late apoptosis, and exhibits high selectivity and favorable biosafety profiles.

In recent years, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have achieved remarkable progress in the treatment of solid tumors and are now widely applied in malignancies such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, urothelial carcinoma, and non-small cell lung cancer, demonstrating favorable clinical efficacy. However, with their expanding clinical use, safety challenges associated with ADCs have become increasingly apparent. Among these, ocular adverse events have received limited attention in the past but is now emerging as a clinically relevant concern, as it may impair patients' quality of life and necessitate treatment modifications. Due to differences in payloads, target specificity, and mechanisms of action, various ADCs may induce ocular adverse events, including corneal disorders such as dry eye and keratoconjunctivitis, which can lead to visual disturbances, diminished quality of life, and reduced treatment adherence. Consequently, appropriate preventive and management strategies are urgently needed in clinical practice. To address this gap, and based on the latest international and domestic clinical evidence as well as multidisciplinary expert experience in oncology and ophthalmology, a Chinese expert consensus was developed following extensive discussion. This consensus aims to enhance clinicians' awareness of ADC-associated ocular adverse events, promote the safe application of ADCs in the treatment of solid tumors, and ultimately improve patients' quality of life and therapeutic outcomes.

This study investigated the secondary metabolites of the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. RM isolated from the toxic plant Rhododendron molle. Ten compounds were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the fungal fermentation broth by silica gel column chromatography, gel column chromatography, and semi-preparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including NMR, MS, UV, IR, and CD. The identified compounds were as follows: penicidienone A(1), diversonol(2), alternariol(3), alternariol 9-methyl ether(4), methylated dechloromonilicin(5), norliquexantona(6), alternethanoxin A(7), α-diversonolic ester(8),(±)-asperlone A(9), and verruculotoxin(10). Compound 1 was identified as a new cyclopentenone derivative. Compound 9 showed inhibitory activity against the proliferation of HepG2(IC_(50)=9.7 μmol·L~(-1)), HGC27(IC_(50)=9.3 μmol·L~(-1)), and U251(IC_(50)=8.4 μmol·L~(-1)) cell lines.

Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN) is a common hematological adverse event and dose-limiting toxicity of chemotherapy. CIN may lead to dose reduction or delay of chemotherapeutic agents, febrile neutropenia (FN), and severe infections, which results in increased treatment costs, reduced chemotherapy efficacy, and even life-threatening complications. Therefore, standardized assessment of the risk of CIN in cancer patients, timely identification and intervention of FN, and appropriate prevention and treatment are essential to reduce CIN-related complications, improve patients' quality of life, and enhance chemotherapy outcomes. Based on the "Consensus on clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in China (2023 edition)", the Committee of Medical Oncology and the Committee of Neoplastic Supportive-care of China Anti-Cancer Association have thoroughly reviewed and summarized the latest evidence and clinical practices worldwide. This update puts forward 11 recommendations regarding the definition, grading, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies for CIN, aiming to provide more timely and standardized guidance for Chinese oncologists in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of CIN.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of oral adverse reactions associated with novel anti-tumor drugs, providing references for early diagnosis and treatment to improve cancer patients' qualities of life and therapeutic efficacies. Methods: Clinical data and photographs of 11 tumor patients treated at Beijing Hospital from January 2020 to April 2025, who developed oral adverse reactions after receiving targeted therapy, antibody-drug conjugates (ADC), or immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI), were collected. A retrospective analysis was conducted to summarize the clinical characteristics of these oral adverse reactions. Results: Among the 11 patients with oral adverse reactions related to novel anti-tumor drugs, 3 patients received targeted therapy alone, 1 patient received ADC alone, 1 patient received a combination of targeted therapy and ADC, and 6 patients were treated with ICI alone. The time from the first administration of the novel anti-tumor drug to the onset of oral adverse reactions ranged from 0.5 to 18.0 months. The clinical manifestations of oral adverse reactions were various, with oral mucositis (9 cases) being the most common, followed by xerostomia (7 cases), oral candidiasis (4 cases,), hemangioma (1 case), and exacerbation of a pre-existing condition (vitiligo, 1 case). Most adverse reactions were graded as level 2 (moderate), with one case at grade 1 (mild) and one case at grade 3 (severe). Five patients experienced concomitant cutaneous adverse reactions, including 1 patient on targeted therapy, 1 on combined targeted therapy and ADC, and 3 on ICI, presenting mainly as xerosis cutis, maculopapular rash, folliculitis-like rash, and paronychia. For the 10 patients with common terminology criteria for adverse events grade 2 or higher, local administration of corticosteroids and antifungal medications were provided. Severe cases received systemic medication along with comprehensive supportive treatment. Symptoms in all patients were alleviated. Conclusions: Novel anti-tumor drugs can induce diverse oral adverse reactions, necessitating early recognition and intervention by oncologists and dentists. Through enhanced multidisciplinary collaboration and medical education, combined with local and systemic therapies, patients outcomes and qualities of life can be effectively improved.

To evaluate the associations of serum methotrexate (MTX) concentrations and MTHFR gene polymorphisms with delayed metabolism of high-dose MTX and adverse reactions in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) have attracted widespread attention in the field of drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility, tumor penetration, and loading capacity. The anti-angiogenic peptide AP25 can block malignant tumor angiogenesis and has broad-spectrum anti-cancer activity. To achieve efficient delivery of AP25, we modified AP25 on the surface of OMVs through genetic engineering and explored their inhibitory effects on breast cancer and gastric cancer in vitro. The results indicated that the engineered OMVs had typical morphological characteristics of OMVs, and the particle size distribution conformed to the theoretical. Proteinase K digestion combined with Western blotting confirmed that AP25 was modified on the membrane surface of OMVs. Cell experiments showed that WAP25 OMVs significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 and HGC-27 cells, promoted the cell apoptosis, and downregulated the expression of tumor migration and angiogenesis-related proteins: integrin beta 1 (integrin β1), Homo sapiens inhibitor of DNA binding 1 (ID1), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). This study achieves effective delivery of protein drugs based on OMVs for the first time, providing new ideas for the anti-angiogenesis therapy for tumors and the functional development of bacterial OMVs.

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway (PAM pathway) is a crucial signaling network regulating cell proliferation, survival, and metabolism, which plays a central role in the pathogenesis and progression of breast cancer. Targeting the PAM pathway with inhibitors provides a novel precision therapeutic option for cancer patients. However, the broad suppression of physiological PAM pathway functions in normal tissues, combined with the distinct characteristics of their molecular targets, leads to both the uniqueness of adverse reactions associated with these agents and heterogeneity within their safety profiles. Given the complexity of the adverse reaction spectrum and the specialized management requirements for PAM pathway inhibitors, Cancer Drug Clinical Research Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association and Standard Construction Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association jointly convened a multidisciplinary expert panel to develop this consensus. This document systematically synthesizes epidemiological features, pathological mechanisms, and risk factors of PAM pathway inhibitor-associated adverse reactions. It provides clinicians with evidence-based guidance on standardized prevention strategies, early warning systems, assessment frameworks, intervention protocols, and long-term monitoring pathways. The ultimate goals are to maximize medication safety, optimize treatment adherence, and ultimately enhance antitumor efficacy and patient quality of life.

With the expanding use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in gastric cancer, surgical safety is facing new challenges. Perioperative immune-related adverse events (irAEs) can substantially overlap with postoperative complications in both time course and clinical presentation, increasing the risk of diagnostic confusion, missed or delayed recognition, and potentially fatal outcomes. Integrating evidence from prior studies and real-world clinical experience, this article focuses on perioperative irAEs in gastric cancer that are particularly prone to misclassification, such as ICI-related pneumonitis, hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency, and hypothyroidism. We systematically summarize their epidemiology and common manifestations and, using a symptom-oriented approach, address typical perioperative scenarios including fatigue, hypotension, electrolyte disturbances, altered mental status, postoperative fever, hypoxemia, dyspnea, cough, and perioperative enzyme abnormalities. Practical diagnostic clues and management strategies are proposed to distinguish irAEs from surgical complications such as infection, hemorrhage, pulmonary complications, myocardial infarction, and surgery-related pancreatic injury. We further emphasize the need to establish a standardized, multidisciplinary team-based perioperative pathway in the era of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, incorporating comprehensive preoperative baseline assessment of cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and endocrine function; protocolized postoperative monitoring at key time points; and risk-stratified interventions. When irAEs are suspected, early specialist consultation and timely initiation of immunosuppressive therapy, particularly corticosteroids, are critical to reducing both diagnostic delay and unnecessary overtreatment, thereby maximizing the therapeutic benefit of immunotherapy while safeguarding surgical outcomes.

The widespread use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has led to breakthrough advances for patients with various advanced solid tumors. As the skin is an important target organ of immune responses, it is the most commonly affected site of treatment-related adverse events associated with ICIs, with a relatively high incidence of ICI-related skin toxicity events. Immune-related adverse events induced by ICIs are increasingly becoming a bottleneck limiting their clinical application. To collect post-marketing adverse events and medication errors related to drugs and therapeutic biological products and to evaluate real-world drug safety, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) established the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Based on the FAERS database, this study aims to systematically evaluate differences in the risk of skin toxicity events among different drug subtypes, cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 inhibitors, programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors, and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, and to explore the limitations and potential improvements of existing pharmacovigilance methods.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), as a revolutionary therapeutic approach in oncology, have demonstrated remarkable clinical efficacy across various malignant tumors. With the widespread clinical application of ICIs, their associated toxicities have emerged as a critical issue that urgently requires resolution in the field of cancer immunotherapy. ICIs-associated pneumonitis (CIP) specifically refers to immune-related adverse events (irAEs) of the lung induced by ICIs therapy, the underlying pathogenesis of which remains incompletely elucidated. As a rare yet severe complication of ICIs treatment, and CIP is characterized by insidious onset, rapid progression, poor prognosis, and high mortality rate, with highly heterogeneous clinical manifestations and radiological features. Due to the lack of specific biomarkers and objective diagnostic indicators, the early identification and diagnosis of CIP present significant clinical challenges. By reviewing previous literature and studies, this paper summarizes recent advances in understanding the clinical manifestations, risk factors, potential molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and early warning systems of CIP in patients receiving immunotherapy for lung cancer. The aim of this article is to provide a reference for the clinical management of CIP and offer a theoretical basis for establishing an early screening and precision diagnosis and treatment system for this condition.
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To observe the clinical efficacy of heat-sensitive moxibustion in reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, and to provide a scientific basis for its application and promotion in cancer rehabilitation.

To evaluate the inhibitory effect of antitumor component-Ι in Agkistrodon halys venom (AHVAC-I) on proliferation and migration of cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer cells and explore the underlying mechanism.

Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide, with its incidence continuing to rise, posing a serious threat to women's health. In recent years, with the widespread adoption of molecular subtyping in diagnosis and treatment, breast cancer therapy has entered an era of individualized precision medicine. Early-stage breast cancer is primarily managed with surgery, combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapies (such as trastuzumab and pertuzumab), significantly improving cure rates. However, for recurrent or metastatic breast cancer, particularly refractory subtypes such as triple-negative and HER2-positive breast cancer, the efficacy of traditional treatments remains limited, and patients still face a poor prognosis. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), as an innovative targeted therapy strategy, combine the precise targeting of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity of payload drugs, delivering cytotoxic agents directly to tumors through targeted chemotherapy, achieving "precision delivery and efficient killing". ADCs represent a relatively novel class of highly targeted anticancer biologics. In the field of breast cancer treatment, ADCs have made groundbreaking progress. Agents such as T-DM1 and T-DXd have significantly prolonged progression-free survival and overall survival in HER2-positive patients, providing critical treatment options for advanced-stage patients, markedly improving survival outcomes, and are now being explored in earlier lines of therapy, reshaping the treatment landscape of breast cancer. Although ADCs are generally well-tolerated, their unique structure-comprising antibodies, cytotoxic payloads, linkers, and conjugation processes-leads to distinct adverse effects and heterogeneous safety profiles within the class. Based on the latest research advances in ADC therapy for breast cancer and incorporating clinical experience from both domestic and international settings, the Breast Cancer Professional Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association, along with Breast Cancer Prevention and Treatment Research Professional Committee of Maternal and Child Health Research Society of China have jointly developed the "Guidelines for managing adverse reactions to antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer (2025 edition)". This guideline aims to provide healthcare professionals with practical guidance on the early identification, regular assessment, timely management, and follow-up monitoring of ADC-related adverse reactions or events.

The aim is to investigate the ameliorative effects and underlying mechanisms of Fufang E'jiao Jiang on chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. A cancer-related fatigue model was established by orthotopic injection of 4T1 cells to induce breast cancer, combined with intraperitoneal injection of paclitaxel. The efficacy of Fufang E'jiao Jiang in ameliorating breast cancer-associated muscle fatigue was evaluated through multimodal pharmacodynamic indices, including behavioral tests, biochemical analyses, and histopathological examinations. Untargeted metabolomics was employed to characterize the metabolic profiles and identify biomarkers in a 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mouse model with chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue. Subsequently, targeted investigations were conducted to determine the effects of Fufang E'jiao Jiang on these metabolic profiles and biomarkers. Finally, the expression of key metabolic enzymes was detected by Western blot. Based on the tumor volume measurements, Fufang E'jiao Jiang did not exert a significant inhibitory effect on tumor volume. Behavioral results showed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang could increase the grip strength, swimming exhaustion time, rotarod residence time, treadmill exercise distance and exercise time of mice with muscle fatigue. Biochemical analysis revealed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly downregulated the level of creatine kinase(CK) and lactate(LAC). Hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that Fufang E'jiao Jiang increased the cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius muscle fibers. Transmission electron microscopy results showed that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly increased the length and width of gastrocnemius muscle fibers in fatigued mice, and restored mitochondrial morphology towards normal. Metabolomics identified 20 biomarkers in the gastrocnemius muscle of 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice with chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue. Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly restored the level of 17 biomarkers, including L-arginine(Arg), L-aspartic acid(Asp), homocarnosine, and α-ketoglutarate(AKG). Furthermore, Fufang E'jiao Jiang upregulated metabolic pathways such as arginine biosynthesis, alanine-aspartate-glutamate metabolism, and arginine-proline metabolism. The Western blot results indicated that Fufang E'jiao Jiang participated in arginine biosynthesis and metabolism by upregulating argininosuccinate synthase 1(ASS1) activity and downregulating arginase 1(ARG1) activity. This study demonstrates that Fufang E'jiao Jiang significantly ameliorates chemotherapy-associated muscle fatigue in 4T1 breast cancer-bearing mice. The underlying mechanism may involve modulation of Arg biosynthesis and metabolic pathways to maintain systemic arginine homeostasis. These findings provide a preliminary foundation for elucidating the mechanism of Fufang E'jiao Jiang in managing breast cancer chemotherapy-related muscle fatigue.

Guided by anti-tumor activity, components with anti-tumor effects were tracked and isolated from the leaves of Dendrobium nobile using silica gel column chromatography, gel column chromatography, medium-pressure preparative chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of the purified monomer compounds were identified by comprehensive spectroscopic techniques including NMR and HR-ESI-MS. Five bibenzyl derivatives were isolated and identified from the leaves of D. nobile: crepidatuol C(1),(S)-4,5,9-trihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(2), crepidatuol B(3), 4,5-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene(4), and 3',4,5'-trihydroxy-3-methoxybibenzyl(5). Among them, compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds, while compounds 3-5 were isolated from the leaves of D. nobile for the first time. The five identified bibenzyl derivatives were tested for in vitro anti-tumor activity, and results showed that compounds 1-5 exhibited selective inhibitory effects against four tumor cell lines, i.e., HeLa, MCF-7, A549, and MGC-803.

In recent years, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has achieved a breakthrough in cancer treatment. By targeting and blocking immune checkpoint molecules on T cells, ICIs release inhibited anti-tumor immune responses, demonstrating durable clinical efficacy and improved long-term survival across multiple cancer types. However, only a minority of cancer patients currently benefit from ICI treatment, with primary resistance observed in most malignancies. Clarifying the mechanisms underlying primary resistance to ICI therapy is conducive to the development of effective combination strategies for overcoming drug resistance. This review systematically examines the molecular basis of primary resistance to ICIs through following aspects: tumor lymphocyte infiltration phenotype, interferon signaling pathways, antigen presentation machinery, and tumor cell-intrinsic oncogenic signaling pathways, which may provide novel therapeutic targets and rational combination strategies for cancer immunotherapy.

To study the mechanism of arsenic trioxide (ATO) combined with metformin (MET) in promoting apoptosis of leukemia cells.