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1. Smartphone-Based Visual Acuity Measurement for Screening and Clinical Assessment.
Visual acuity is the most frequently performed measure of visual function in clinical practice and most people worldwide living with visual impairment are living in low- and middle-income countries.
2. Acute Flaccid Myelitis of Unknown Etiology in California, 2012-2015.
作者: Keith Van Haren.;Patrick Ayscue.;Emmanuelle Waubant.;Anna Clayton.;Heather Sheriff.;Shigeo Yagi.;Rose Glenn-Finer.;Tasha Padilla.;Jonathan B Strober.;Grace Aldrovandi.;Debra A Wadford.;Charles Y Chiu.;Dongxiang Xia.;Kathleen Harriman.;James P Watt.;Carol A Glaser.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2663-71页
There has been limited surveillance for acute flaccid paralysis in North America since the regional eradication of poliovirus. In 2012, the California Department of Public Health received several reports of acute flaccid paralysis cases of unknown etiology.
3. Effect of Opioids vs NSAIDs and Larger vs Smaller Chest Tube Size on Pain Control and Pleurodesis Efficacy Among Patients With Malignant Pleural Effusion: The TIME1 Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Najib M Rahman.;Justin Pepperell.;Sunita Rehal.;Tarek Saba.;Augustine Tang.;Nabeel Ali.;Alex West.;Gihan Hettiarachchi.;Dipak Mukherjee.;Johnson Samuel.;Andrew Bentley.;Lee Dowson.;Jonathan Miles.;C Frank Ryan.;Ken Y Yoneda.;Anoop Chauhan.;John P Corcoran.;Ioannis Psallidas.;John M Wrightson.;Rob Hallifax.;Helen E Davies.;Y C Gary Lee.;Melissa Dobson.;Emma L Hedley.;Douglas Seaton.;Nicky Russell.;Margaret Chapman.;Bethan M McFadyen.;Rachel A Shaw.;Robert J O Davies.;Nick A Maskell.;Andrew J Nunn.;Robert F Miller.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2641-53页
For treatment of malignant pleural effusion, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are avoided because they may reduce pleurodesis efficacy. Smaller chest tubes may be less painful than larger tubes, but efficacy in pleurodesis has not been proven.
4. Ovarian Suppression With Triptorelin During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Chemotherapy and Long-term Ovarian Function, Pregnancies, and Disease-Free Survival: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Matteo Lambertini.;Luca Boni.;Andrea Michelotti.;Teresa Gamucci.;Tiziana Scotto.;Stefania Gori.;Monica Giordano.;Ornella Garrone.;Alessia Levaggi.;Francesca Poggio.;Sara Giraudi.;Claudia Bighin.;Carlo Vecchio.;Mario Roberto Sertoli.;Paolo Pronzato.;Lucia Del Mastro.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2632-40页
Whether the administration of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogues (LHRHa) during chemotherapy is a reliable strategy to preserve ovarian function is controversial owing to both the lack of data on long-term ovarian function and pregnancies and the safety concerns about the potential negative interactions between endocrine therapy and chemotherapy.
5. Will Neuroimaging Reveal a Severe Intracranial Injury in This Adult With Minor Head Trauma?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review.
作者: Joshua S Easter.;Jason S Haukoos.;William P Meehan.;Victor Novack.;Jonathan A Edlow.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2672-81页
Adults with apparently minor head trauma (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] scores ≥13 who appear well on examination) may have severe intracranial injuries requiring prompt intervention. Findings from clinical examination can aid in determining which adults with minor trauma have severe intracranial injuries visible on computed tomography (CT).
6. Live-Birth Rate Associated With Repeat In Vitro Fertilization Treatment Cycles.
作者: Andrew D A C Smith.;Kate Tilling.;Scott M Nelson.;Debbie A Lawlor.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷24期2654-2662页
The likelihood of achieving a live birth with repeat in vitro fertilization (IVF) is unclear, yet treatment is commonly limited to 3 or 4 embryo transfers.
7. Management of Graves Disease: A Review.
Graves disease is the most common cause of persistent hyperthyroidism in adults. Approximately 3% of women and 0.5% of men will develop Graves disease during their lifetime.
8. Maintenance Therapy With Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Temozolomide vs Temozolomide Alone for Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Roger Stupp.;Sophie Taillibert.;Andrew A Kanner.;Santosh Kesari.;David M Steinberg.;Steven A Toms.;Lynne P Taylor.;Frank Lieberman.;Antonio Silvani.;Karen L Fink.;Gene H Barnett.;Jay-Jiguang Zhu.;John W Henson.;Herbert H Engelhard.;Thomas C Chen.;David D Tran.;Jan Sroubek.;Nam D Tran.;Andreas F Hottinger.;Joseph Landolfi.;Rajiv Desai.;Manuela Caroli.;Yvonne Kew.;Jerome Honnorat.;Ahmed Idbaih.;Eilon D Kirson.;Uri Weinberg.;Yoram Palti.;Monika E Hegi.;Zvi Ram.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2535-43页
Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. Most patients die within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are a locoregionally delivered antimitotic treatment that interferes with cell division and organelle assembly.
9. Autologous Hematopoetic Stem Cell Transplantation for Refractory Crohn Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Christopher J Hawkey.;Matthieu Allez.;Miranda M Clark.;Myriam Labopin.;James O Lindsay.;Elena Ricart.;Gerhard Rogler.;Montserrat Rovira.;Jack Satsangi.;Silvio Danese.;Nigel Russell.;John Gribben.;Peter Johnson.;Jerome Larghero.;Catherine Thieblemont.;Sandro Ardizzone.;Daan Dierickx.;Adalberto Ibatici.;Timothy Littlewood.;Francesco Onida.;Urs Schanz.;Severine Vermeire.;Jean-Frederic Colombel.;Jean-Paul Jouet.;Elizabeth Clark.;Riccardo Saccardi.;Alan Tyndall.;Simon Travis.;Dominique Farge.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2524-34页
Case reports and series suggest hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may benefit some patients with Crohn disease.
11. Training Physicians to Provide High-Value, Cost-Conscious Care: A Systematic Review.
作者: Lorette A Stammen.;Renée E Stalmeijer.;Emma Paternotte.;Andrea Oudkerk Pool.;Erik W Driessen.;Fedde Scheele.;Laurents P S Stassen.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷22期2384-400页
Increasing health care expenditures are taxing the sustainability of the health care system. Physicians should be prepared to deliver high-value, cost-conscious care.
12. Prevalence of Depression and Depressive Symptoms Among Resident Physicians: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
作者: Douglas A Mata.;Marco A Ramos.;Narinder Bansal.;Rida Khan.;Constance Guille.;Emanuele Di Angelantonio.;Srijan Sen.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷22期2373-83页
Physicians in training are at high risk for depression. However, the estimated prevalence of this disorder varies substantially between studies.
13. Comparison of Intended Scope of Practice for Family Medicine Residents With Reported Scope of Practice Among Practicing Family Physicians.
作者: Anastasia J Coutinho.;Anneli Cochrane.;Keith Stelter.;Robert L Phillips.;Lars E Peterson.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷22期2364-72页
Narrowing of the scope of practice of US family physicians has been well documented. Proposed reasons include changing practice patterns as physicians age, employer restrictions, or generational choices. Determining components of care that remain integral to the practice of family medicine may be informed by assessing gaps between the intended scope of practice of residents and actual scope of practice of family physicians.
14. Effect of Transfusion of Red Blood Cells With Longer vs Shorter Storage Duration on Elevated Blood Lactate Levels in Children With Severe Anemia: The TOTAL Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Aggrey Dhabangi.;Brenda Ainomugisha.;Christine Cserti-Gazdewich.;Henry Ddungu.;Dorothy Kyeyune.;Ezra Musisi.;Robert Opoka.;Christopher P Stowell.;Walter H Dzik.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷23期2514-23页
Although millions of transfusions are given annually worldwide, the effect of red blood cell (RBC) unit storage duration on oxygen delivery is uncertain.
15. CPAP vs Mandibular Advancement Devices and Blood Pressure in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with higher levels of blood pressure (BP), which can lead to increased cardiovascular risk.
16. Planned Cesarean Delivery at Term and Adverse Outcomes in Childhood Health.
作者: Mairead Black.;Siladitya Bhattacharya.;Sam Philip.;Jane E Norman.;David J McLernon.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷21期2271-9页
Planned cesarean delivery comprises a significant proportion of births globally, with combined rates of planned and unscheduled cesarean delivery in a number of regions approaching 50%. Observational studies have shown that offspring born by cesarean delivery are at increased risk of ill health in childhood, but these studies have been unable to adjust for some key confounding variables. Additionally, risk of death beyond the neonatal period has not yet been reported for offspring born by planned cesarean delivery.
17. Relationship Between Cesarean Delivery Rate and Maternal and Neonatal Mortality.
作者: George Molina.;Thomas G Weiser.;Stuart R Lipsitz.;Micaela M Esquivel.;Tarsicio Uribe-Leitz.;Tej Azad.;Neel Shah.;Katherine Semrau.;William R Berry.;Atul A Gawande.;Alex B Haynes.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷21期2263-70页
Based on older analyses, the World Health Organization (WHO) recommends that cesarean delivery rates should not exceed 10 to 15 per 100 live births to optimize maternal and neonatal outcomes.
18. Effect of Metformin Added to Insulin on Glycemic Control Among Overweight/Obese Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Ingrid M Libman.;Kellee M Miller.;Linda A DiMeglio.;Kathleen E Bethin.;Michelle L Katz.;Avni Shah.;Jill H Simmons.;Michael J Haller.;Sripriya Raman.;William V Tamborlane.;Julie K Coffey.;Ashleigh M Saenz.;Roy W Beck.;Kristen J Nadeau.; .
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷21期2241-50页
Previous studies assessing the effect of metformin on glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes have produced inconclusive results.
19. Distal Symmetric Polyneuropathy: A Review.
Peripheral neuropathy is a highly prevalent and morbid condition affecting 2% to 7% of the population. Patients frequently experience pain and are at risk of falls, ulcerations, and amputations. We aimed to review recent diagnostic and therapeutic advances in distal symmetric polyneuropathy, the most common subtype of peripheral neuropathy.
20. Prevalence of Body Mass Index Lower Than 16 Among Women in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
作者: Fahad Razak.;Daniel J Corsi.;Arthur S Slutsky.;Anura Kurpad.;Lisa Berkman.;Andreas Laupacis.;S V Subramanian.
来源: JAMA. 2015年314卷20期2164-71页
Body mass index (BMI) lower than 16 is the most severe category of adult undernutrition and is associated with substantial morbidity, increased mortality, and poor maternal-fetal outcomes such as low-birth-weight newborns. Little is known about the prevalence and distribution of BMI lower than 16 in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).
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