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1. Effect of a Primary Care-Based Psychological Intervention on Symptoms of Common Mental Disorders in Zimbabwe: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Dixon Chibanda.;Helen A Weiss.;Ruth Verhey.;Victoria Simms.;Ronald Munjoma.;Simbarashe Rusakaniko.;Alfred Chingono.;Epiphania Munetsi.;Tarisai Bere.;Ethel Manda.;Melanie Abas.;Ricardo Araya.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷24期2618-2626页
Depression and anxiety are common mental disorders globally but are rarely recognized or treated in low-income settings. Task-shifting of mental health care to lay health workers (LHWs) might decrease the treatment gap.
2. Effect of Pritelivir Compared With Valacyclovir on Genital HSV-2 Shedding in Patients With Frequent Recurrences: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Anna Wald.;Burkhard Timmler.;Amalia Magaret.;Terri Warren.;Stephen Tyring.;Christine Johnston.;Kenneth Fife.;Stacy Selke.;Meei-Li Huang.;Hans-Peter Stobernack.;Holger Zimmermann.;Lawrence Corey.;Alexander Birkmann.;Helga Ruebsamen-Schaeff.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷23期2495-2503页
Current therapy of herpes infections relies on nucleoside analogues. Pritelivir is a well-tolerated novel herpes simplex virus (HSV) helicase-primase inhibitor that reduced genital shedding and lesions.
3. Effect of Inpatient Palliative Care on Quality of Life 2 Weeks After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Areej El-Jawahri.;Thomas LeBlanc.;Harry VanDusen.;Lara Traeger.;Joseph A Greer.;William F Pirl.;Vicki A Jackson.;Jason Telles.;Alison Rhodes.;Thomas R Spitzer.;Steven McAfee.;Yi-Bin A Chen.;Stephanie S Lee.;Jennifer S Temel.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷20期2094-2103页
During hospitalization for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT), patients receive high-dose chemotherapy before transplantation and experience significant physical and psychological symptoms and poor quality of life (QOL).
4. Immunogenicity of the 9-Valent HPV Vaccine Using 2-Dose Regimens in Girls and Boys vs a 3-Dose Regimen in Women.
作者: Ole-Erik Iversen.;Maria Jose Miranda.;Angels Ulied.;Terje Soerdal.;Erica Lazarus.;Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit.;Stan L Block.;Ales Skrivanek.;Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah.;Siew Moy Fong.;Vladimir Dvorak.;Kyung-Hyo Kim.;Ramon M Cestero.;Matitiahu Berkovitch.;Mehmet Ceyhan.;Misoo C Ellison.;Michael A Ritter.;Shuai S Yuan.;Mark J DiNubile.;Alfred J Saah.;Alain Luxembourg.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷22期2411-2421页
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections cause anogenital cancers and warts. The 9-valent HPV vaccine provides protection against 7 high-risk types of HPV responsible for 90% of cervical cancers and 2 other HPV types accounting for 90% of genital warts.
5. Effect of Evolocumab on Progression of Coronary Disease in Statin-Treated Patients: The GLAGOV Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Stephen J Nicholls.;Rishi Puri.;Todd Anderson.;Christie M Ballantyne.;Leslie Cho.;John J P Kastelein.;Wolfgang Koenig.;Ransi Somaratne.;Helina Kassahun.;Jingyuan Yang.;Scott M Wasserman.;Robert Scott.;Imre Ungi.;Jakub Podolec.;Antonius Oude Ophuis.;Jan H Cornel.;Marilyn Borgman.;Danielle M Brennan.;Steven E Nissen.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷22期2373-2384页
Reducing levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with intensive statin therapy reduces progression of coronary atherosclerosis in proportion to achieved LDL-C levels. Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors produce incremental LDL-C lowering in statin-treated patients; however, the effects of these drugs on coronary atherosclerosis have not been evaluated.
6. Effect of a Multicomponent Behavioral Intervention in Adults Impaired by Psychological Distress in a Conflict-Affected Area of Pakistan: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Atif Rahman.;Syed Usman Hamdani.;Naila Riaz Awan.;Richard A Bryant.;Katie S Dawson.;Muhammad Firaz Khan.;Mian Mukhtar-Ul-Haq Azeemi.;Parveen Akhtar.;Huma Nazir.;Anna Chiumento.;Marit Sijbrandij.;Duolao Wang.;Saeed Farooq.;Mark van Ommeren.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷24期2609-2617页
The mental health consequences of conflict and violence are wide-ranging and pervasive. Scalable interventions to address a range of mental health problems are needed.
7. Effect of Anakinra on Recurrent Pericarditis Among Patients With Colchicine Resistance and Corticosteroid Dependence: The AIRTRIP Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Antonio Brucato.;Massimo Imazio.;Marco Gattorno.;George Lazaros.;Silvia Maestroni.;Mara Carraro.;Martina Finetti.;Davide Cumetti.;Alessandra Carobbio.;Nicolino Ruperto.;Renzo Marcolongo.;Monia Lorini.;Alessandro Rimini.;Anna Valenti.;Gian Luca Erre.;Maria Pia Sormani.;Riccardo Belli.;Fiorenzo Gaita.;Alberto Martini.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷18期1906-1912页
Anakinra, an interleukin 1β recombinant receptor antagonist, may have potential to treat colchicine-resistant and corticosteroid-dependent recurrent pericarditis.
8. Effect of Tailored Dose-Dense Chemotherapy vs Standard 3-Weekly Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Recurrence-Free Survival Among Women With High-Risk Early Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Theodoros Foukakis.;Gunter von Minckwitz.;Nils-Olof Bengtsson.;Yvonne Brandberg.;Birgitta Wallberg.;Tommy Fornander.;Brigitte Mlineritsch.;Sabine Schmatloch.;Christian F Singer.;Günther Steger.;Daniel Egle.;Eva Karlsson.;Lena Carlsson.;Sibylle Loibl.;Michael Untch.;Mats Hellström.;Hemming Johansson.;Harald Anderson.;Per Malmström.;Michael Gnant.;Richard Greil.;Volker Möbus.;Jonas Bergh.; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷18期1888-1896页
Standard dosing of chemotherapy based on body surface area results in marked interpatient variation in pharmacokinetics, toxic effects, and efficacy. Whether tailored dosing can improve outcomes is unknown, as is the role of dose-dense adjuvant chemotherapy.
9. Effect of Hydrocortisone on Development of Shock Among Patients With Severe Sepsis: The HYPRESS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Didier Keh.;Evelyn Trips.;Gernot Marx.;Stefan P Wirtz.;Emad Abduljawwad.;Sven Bercker.;Holger Bogatsch.;Josef Briegel.;Christoph Engel.;Herwig Gerlach.;Anton Goldmann.;Sven-Olaf Kuhn.;Lars Hüter.;Andreas Meier-Hellmann.;Axel Nierhaus.;Stefan Kluge.;Josefa Lehmke.;Markus Loeffler.;Michael Oppert.;Kerstin Resener.;Dirk Schädler.;Tobias Schuerholz.;Philipp Simon.;Norbert Weiler.;Andreas Weyland.;Konrad Reinhart.;Frank M Brunkhorst.; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷17期1775-1785页
Adjunctive hydrocortisone therapy is suggested by the Surviving Sepsis Campaign in refractory septic shock only. The efficacy of hydrocortisone in patients with severe sepsis without shock remains controversial.
10. Effect of Cranberry Capsules on Bacteriuria Plus Pyuria Among Older Women in Nursing Homes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Manisha Juthani-Mehta.;Peter H Van Ness.;Luann Bianco.;Andrea Rink.;Sabina Rubeck.;Sandra Ginter.;Stephanie Argraves.;Peter Charpentier.;Denise Acampora.;Mark Trentalange.;Vincent Quagliarello.;Peter Peduzzi.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷18期1879-1887页
Bacteriuria plus pyuria is highly prevalent among older women living in nursing homes. Cranberry capsules are an understudied, nonantimicrobial prevention strategy used in this population.
11. Effect of Conscious Sedation vs General Anesthesia on Early Neurological Improvement Among Patients With Ischemic Stroke Undergoing Endovascular Thrombectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Silvia Schönenberger.;Lorenz Uhlmann.;Werner Hacke.;Simon Schieber.;Sibu Mundiyanapurath.;Jan C Purrucker.;Simon Nagel.;Christina Klose.;Johannes Pfaff.;Martin Bendszus.;Peter A Ringleb.;Meinhard Kieser.;Markus A Möhlenbruch.;Julian Bösel.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷19期1986-1996页
Optimal management of sedation and airway during thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke is controversial due to lack of evidence from randomized trials.
12. Empirical Micafungin Treatment and Survival Without Invasive Fungal Infection in Adults With ICU-Acquired Sepsis, Candida Colonization, and Multiple Organ Failure: The EMPIRICUS Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Jean-Francois Timsit.;Elie Azoulay.;Carole Schwebel.;Pierre Emmanuel Charles.;Muriel Cornet.;Bertrand Souweine.;Kada Klouche.;Samir Jaber.;Jean-Louis Trouillet.;Fabrice Bruneel.;Laurent Argaud.;Joel Cousson.;Ferhat Meziani.;Didier Gruson.;Adeline Paris.;Michael Darmon.;Maité Garrouste-Orgeas.;Jean-Christophe Navellou.;Arnaud Foucrier.;Bernard Allaouchiche.;Vincent Das.;Jean-Pierre Gangneux.;Stéphane Ruckly.;Daniele Maubon.;Vincent Jullien.;Michel Wolff.; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷15期1555-1564页
Although frequently used in treating intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis, empirical antifungal therapy, initiated for suspected fungal infection, has not been shown to improve outcome.
13. Effect of Conservative vs Conventional Oxygen Therapy on Mortality Among Patients in an Intensive Care Unit: The Oxygen-ICU Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Massimo Girardis.;Stefano Busani.;Elisa Damiani.;Abele Donati.;Laura Rinaldi.;Andrea Marudi.;Andrea Morelli.;Massimo Antonelli.;Mervyn Singer.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷15期1583-1589页
Despite suggestions of potential harm from unnecessary oxygen therapy, critically ill patients spend substantial periods in a hyperoxemic state. A strategy of controlled arterial oxygenation is thus rational but has not been validated in clinical practice.
14. Effect of Postextubation High-Flow Nasal Cannula vs Noninvasive Ventilation on Reintubation and Postextubation Respiratory Failure in High-Risk Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Gonzalo Hernández.;Concepción Vaquero.;Laura Colinas.;Rafael Cuena.;Paloma González.;Alfonso Canabal.;Susana Sanchez.;Maria Luisa Rodriguez.;Ana Villasclaras.;Rafael Fernández.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷15期1565-1574页
High-flow conditioned oxygen therapy delivered through nasal cannulae and noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) may reduce the need for reintubation. Among the advantages of high-flow oxygen therapy are comfort, availability, lower costs, and additional physiopathological mechanisms.
15. Close Contact Casting vs Surgery for Initial Treatment of Unstable Ankle Fractures in Older Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Keith Willett.;David J Keene.;Dipesh Mistry.;Julian Nam.;Elizabeth Tutton.;Robert Handley.;Lesley Morgan.;Emma Roberts.;Andrew Briggs.;Ranjit Lall.;Timothy J S Chesser.;Ian Pallister.;Sarah E Lamb.; .
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷14期1455-1463页
Ankle fractures cause substantial morbidity in older persons. Surgical fixation is the contemporary intervention but is associated with infection and other healing complications.
16. OnabotulinumtoxinA vs Sacral Neuromodulation on Refractory Urgency Urinary Incontinence in Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Cindy L Amundsen.;Holly E Richter.;Shawn A Menefee.;Yuko M Komesu.;Lily A Arya.;W Thomas Gregory.;Deborah L Myers.;Halina M Zyczynski.;Sandip Vasavada.;Tracy L Nolen.;Dennis Wallace.;Susan F Meikle.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷13期1366-1374页
Women with refractory urgency urinary incontinence are treated with sacral neuromodulation and onabotulinumtoxinA with limited comparative information.
18. Effect of Wearable Technology Combined With a Lifestyle Intervention on Long-term Weight Loss: The IDEA Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: John M Jakicic.;Kelliann K Davis.;Renee J Rogers.;Wendy C King.;Marsha D Marcus.;Diane Helsel.;Amy D Rickman.;Abdus S Wahed.;Steven H Belle.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷11期1161-1171页
Effective long-term treatments are needed to address the obesity epidemic. Numerous wearable technologies specific to physical activity and diet are available, but it is unclear if these are effective at improving weight loss.
19. Effect of Topical Intranasal Therapy on Epistaxis Frequency in Patients With Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Kevin J Whitehead.;Nathan B Sautter.;Justin P McWilliams.;Murali M Chakinala.;Christian A Merlo.;Maribeth H Johnson.;Melissa James.;Eric M Everett.;Marianne S Clancy.;Marie E Faughnan.;S Paul Oh.;Scott E Olitsky.;Reed E Pyeritz.;James R Gossage.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷9期943-51页
Epistaxis is a major factor negatively affecting quality of life in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT; also known as Osler-Weber-Rendu disease). Optimal treatment for HHT-related epistaxis is uncertain.
20. Effect of Bevacizumab Nasal Spray on Epistaxis Duration in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangectasia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
作者: Sophie Dupuis-Girod.;Alexis Ambrun.;Evelyne Decullier.;Anne-Emmanuelle Fargeton.;Adeline Roux.;Valentine Bréant.;Bettina Colombet.;Sophie Rivière.;César Cartier.;Pascal Lacombe.;Thierry Chinet.;Sandra Blivet.;Jean-Hugues Blondel.;Brigitte Gilbert-Dussardier.;Xavier Dufour.;Justin Michel.;Jean-Robert Harle.;Patrick Dessi.;Frédéric Faure.
来源: JAMA. 2016年316卷9期934-42页
Epistaxis is the most frequent and disabling manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The efficacy of intravenous bevacizumab (an anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody) for epistaxis has been shown. However, the efficacy of intranasal bevacizumab has yet to be evaluated.
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